山西临县木枣贮藏保鲜试验研究

以山西临县木枣为试材,采用0．015mm微孔袋与0．03mm、0．04mm和0．05mm厚度PVC透湿袋进行贮藏保鲜包装试验,并在0．03mmPVC透湿袋中放置珍珠岩型脱乙烯剂2g、3g和5g进行试验。结果表明,采用微孔袋包装比PVC透湿袋包装枣果硬果率明显地得到了提高。试验同时还发现,在0．03mmPVC透湿袋中放置珍珠岩型脱乙烯剂,虽然对果实硬度影响差异不显著,但可明显地降低枣果腐烂率。     

薄膜袋包装对青花菜贮藏效应及其生理影响的研究

对青花菜采用不同厚度聚乙烯薄膜包装的贮藏效果及其生理影响进行了研究。薄膜厚度分别为：0．02 mm（M1），0．04 mm（M2），0．06（M3），0．08 mm（M4），对照（Mck）即无薄膜包装贮藏。贮藏温度（0±0．5）℃ ，相对湿度90％～95％。研究结果表明，不同厚度薄膜内积累CO2的浓度差异显著；有膜包装的贮藏效果好于无膜包装；较厚薄膜包装处理的气调效果好于较薄膜包装处理。青花菜贮藏过程中，适宜的CO2浓度为5％～10％。提高CO2浓度对青花菜有抑制呼吸，抑制乙烯释放，推迟乙烯高峰的出现和抑制叶绿素分解的作用。     

自发气调（MA）结合高效乙烯去除剂对黑宝石李贮藏效果的研究

以黑宝石李为试材,研究MA（0．03mm厚PVC保鲜袋包装）结合高效乙烯去除剂对0-1℃条件下黑宝石李果实贮藏效果的影响。结果表明,MA结合高效乙烯去除剂处理的贮藏效果好于单纯MA处理和0．02mm厚PE打孔袋包装处理,贮藏92d时好果率〉90％,果实硬度〉6kg·cm-2,果肉黄绿色,无明显冷害症状,果实失重率〈1．0％,袋内的乙烯浓度〈O．1μL·L-1,O2浓度为9．84％,C02浓度为5．17％,接近黑宝石李标准气调要求的气体指标。     

不同MAP包装内气体变化情况及其对山楂果实品质的影响

为延长山楂果实的保鲜期,提高果实贮藏品质,筛选适宜山楂果实长期低温贮藏的塑料薄膜包装。本研究采用4种不同薄膜包装(MAP),对‘大金星’山楂果实进行冷藏(0±0.5)℃试验,研究了不同MAP处理中O2、CO₂和乙烯气体体积分数的变化趋势,以及山楂果实生理和贮藏品质的变化。结果表明：在低温(0±0.5)℃条件下,厚度为30μm的PVC薄膜包装有利于减缓山楂果肉硬度和可滴定酸含量的下降,但加速了贮藏后期果实中MDA含量和果肉褐变率的上升;而厚度为15μm的高渗出CO₂保鲜袋,对抑制果实硬度下降和减缓果实可滴定酸降解效果不显著,但对减缓MDA含量和果肉褐变率的上升有积极作用。4种不同薄膜包装(MAP)处理中,厚度为15μm的高渗出CO₂保鲜袋贮藏效果最佳,适宜山楂果实长期保鲜。     

不同厚度聚乙烯薄膜包装对枇杷贮藏品质的影响

对采后枇杷果实用0.01、0.03 mm厚的聚乙烯薄膜袋包装,以无薄膜散装作为对照,在室温(25±1)℃条件下贮藏,研究不同厚度的聚乙烯薄膜包装对枇杷鲜果的保鲜效果及生理指标变化的影响。结果表明:聚乙烯薄膜包装处理可显著抑制果实失重率的上升,延缓果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸及VC含量的下降,保持采后枇杷果实的新鲜外观和品质,其中以0.03 mm厚度的聚乙烯薄膜包装处理效果为佳。     

不同保鲜包装对高唐紫茄贮藏品质的影响

为研究不同保鲜包装对高唐紫茄品质的影响,以高唐紫茄聊育3号品种为试材,分别采用聚乙烯(PE)微孔保鲜膜和聚氯乙烯(PVC)保鲜膜两种自发气调包装(MAP)处理,于9℃冷库贮藏,测定茄子果实贮藏期间各生理生化指标的变化情况。结果表明:采用微孔膜和PVC膜包装均可明显延长聊育3号茄子果实的贮藏期,显著抑制果实硬度的下降和失重率的上升,有利于茄子果实贮藏期间可滴定酸(TA)和可溶性固形物(TSS)含量的保持,显著抑制茄子果实多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的上升,PVC包装处理可较好地抑制果皮亮度及色泽的变化,微孔膜包装有利于果实中芦丁含量的保持。综合分析得出,高唐紫茄聊育3号品种宜采用PVC膜包装贮藏,推荐贮藏期为25 d。     

贮藏温度和包装对青脆李保鲜效果的影响

研究了不同贮藏温度、PE薄膜包装和高效乙烯去除剂对青脆李果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、色泽和风味的影响。结果表明,在一定温度范围内,贮藏温度越低,越有利于保持青脆李的新鲜度和风味;聚乙烯（PE）薄膜包装具有较好的保绿与保脆作用。青脆李采用0.03mm厚的PE薄膜包装在0～1℃条件下贮藏70天,果实完好、脆绿、新鲜、风味浓郁。     

预贮和薄膜包装对大久保桃贮藏品质及褐变的影响

为探讨改善桃果实贮藏品质的方法,以大久保桃为试材,研究了30μm厚度的PVC薄膜包装和8℃（冷害温度以上）预贮5d再于0oc（冷害温度以下）冷藏处理对桃果实品质的影响。结果表明,与不包装（对照）相比,包装处理能有效抑制桃果实的软化,保持较稳定的可溶性固形物含量（SSC）和出汁率,明显抑制果实细胞膜透性的增加和果肉褐变：与8℃和0℃直接贮藏相比．经8℃预贮5d后再于O℃冷藏处理不仅可保持良好的果实硬度．贮藏后期SSC和出汁率处于较高的水平．而且能显著降低果实相对电导率和褐变指数．有效改善大久保桃的贮藏性能．保持果实良好的贮藏品质。     

不同保鲜膜对灵武长枣低温贮藏品质的影响

对灵武长枣低温贮藏前期3种包装袋袋内气体成分的变化进行了测定分析,同时将3种保鲜膜对枣果实低温贮藏90天的保鲜效果进行了研究。结果表明,微孔膜（KDM）保鲜效果好于打孔聚乙烯（PE）膜,不打孔PE膜最差,说明灵武长枣以使用气体通透性能较好的包装材料贮藏效果最佳,同时也证实了低温与专用保鲜剂结合专用薄膜自发气调的综合配套保鲜技术模式适用于灵武长枣贮藏保鲜．贮藏90天后好果率达87．5％。     

气调袋保鲜青菜头(茎瘤芥)的研究

检测青菜头贮藏过程中MA袋内气体指标变化和贮藏后的品质指标,并进一步探讨贮藏效果最佳MA袋的袋装量和硅窗面积对青菜头贮藏保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,PE硅窗袋、PVC硅窗袋和SCA袋内气体指标在一定时间后达到相对平衡,定期换气袋内气体呈不稳定周期性变化。PVC硅窗袋贮藏效果较好,PE硅窗袋和SCA袋次之,定期换气袋较差。当袋装量15 kg,硅窗面积为110 mm×75 mm时,PVC硅窗袋贮藏保鲜效果达到最好。     

Effects of cold storage and shelf-life on sensory quality and consumer acceptance of ‘Abate Fetel’ pears

Fruit products certified by quality labels should guarantee high levels of consumer acceptance, despite the unavoidable variability arising from growing conditions and postharvest responses. The quality of ‘Abate Fetel’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) fruit was studied, after short or long cold storage, by analysis of physicochemical, texture and flavour traits, to investigate factors affecting consumer acceptance. Fruit from three orchards differing in location and design, monitored during 10 d of ripening at 20 °C, softened progressively to reach and exceed firmness adequate for consumption. Change in colour, in particular hue angle, paralleled softening. Sensory traits were investigated by evaluating fruit of three different firmness levels within the range of acceptable eating quality. Firmness differences were clearly perceived both by expert judges and by consumers, but did not influence the degree of liking. ‘Abate Fetel’ pear can maintain acceptable eating quality at 20 °C for 4–8 d after 13 weeks storage at ?1 °C, or 2–6 d after 23 weeks storage at ?1 °C. Changing texture parameters were perceived at eating, without compromising overall quality. Production system affected intrinsic quality parameters such as total soluble solids concentration, but did not influence consumer acceptance. In consumer tests conducted after 13 weeks of cold storage, high scores were recorded, with a 86% acceptance frequency and more than 40% of scores reflecting “like very much” or “like extremely”. After 23 weeks of cold storage a decrease in degree of liking was observed. The overall value of ‘Abate Fetel IGP Emilia-Romagna’ quality label was confirmed by consumer evaluations. However, the decrease in consumer acceptance after 23 weeks of cold storage indicates that caution should be used in using long storage durations.     

不同采收成熟度对阿巴特梨后熟过程中品质变化的影响

以阿巴特梨为试材,研究三个采收期的果实在后熟过程中的生理变化以及各品质指标间的相互关系。结果表明,在后熟过程中,各采期的果实均出现了明显的乙烯和呼吸高峰,其中采期Ⅱ(盛花后132 d)果实的乙烯和呼吸释放量最高。随着采期的延后,果实硬度逐渐下降,可溶性固形物含量逐渐升高,反映果皮颜色的H°值逐渐下降,L*和a*值逐渐升高,果实相关品质指标与果皮颜色呈显著相关性。总体上看,以采期Ⅱ果实的后熟品质最佳。     

不同温度和外源乙烯处理对软肉梨后熟的作用效果研究

以早红考密斯、阿巴特和京白梨为试材,采用0.015 mm厚的PE包装袋包装,研究不同温度（20℃,26℃）及100μL·L-1浓度的乙烯熏蒸24 h（贮于20℃下）处理对果实乙烯释放量、呼吸强度及后熟品质的影响。结果表明,适当的低温可提高果实的乙烯释放量,降低呼吸强度,促进果实硬度的下降,20℃的贮藏温度条件可使该三种软肉梨果实后熟均匀一致,并保持较低的病果率和失重率。最佳食用期早红考密斯为贮藏6~8 d,阿巴特为9~12 d,京白梨为12~15 d,辅助以100μL·L-1浓度的乙烯处理可加快果实的后熟软化。     

不同采后处理对‘阿巴特’西洋梨果实冷藏后货架期品质的影响

为探讨西洋梨低温贮藏出库后常温货架期期间的品质变化问题,将采后不同处理的‘阿巴特’西洋梨果实在低温(0±0.5)℃冷藏120 天后再进行常温(25℃)货架5 天的品质研究。对‘阿巴特’西洋梨进行普通包果纸包果处理、壳聚糖涂被纸包果处理、壳聚糖涂被处理、1 μL/L 1-MCP处理、热水处理、热水+果蜡处理、果蔬洗涤剂处理、果蔬洗涤剂+果蜡处理、二苯胺处理(0.20%)、乙氧基喹处理（浓度分别为0.10%、0.20%和0.30%）,研究其在冷藏后货架期间果实虎皮病和好果、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、pH等品质变化。不同处理的‘阿巴特’果实在货架期间的外观、果肉硬度、可溶性固形物含量和pH均为极显著变化。1-MCP处理和热水处理的‘阿巴特’在降低虎皮病发生和保持好果率方面的效果优于其他处理;1-MCP处理、果蔬洗涤剂+果蜡处理的‘阿巴特’在货架期间均提高了果实的果肉硬度,热水+果蜡处理、普通包果纸包果处理、0.20%二苯胺处理的‘阿巴特’均在货架后期保持了果实的果肉硬度;壳聚糖涂被处理的‘阿巴特’在货架初期提高了果实的可溶性固形物含量。1-MCP处理在预防货架期虎皮病发生、提高好果率、保持果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量和pH等方面的综合效果高于其他处理。     

叶类蔬菜气调包装保鲜技术及其机理的研究进展

笔者简述了叶类蔬菜（简称叶菜）的保鲜现状,通过归纳国内外气调包装保鲜技术在叶菜上的应用研究,分析了气调包装技术在叶菜保鲜中低能耗、操作方便和安全可控的优点,指出了目前缺乏叶菜保鲜技术体系和针对性强、保鲜效果好的包装材料,在此基础上通过总结气调包装下自由基理论在水果和根茎类、瓜果类蔬菜上的应用,提出了基于自由基中心效应的叶菜气调包装保鲜机理,对转录组学和蛋白组学在揭示保鲜机理的应用进行了展望。     

Changes in antioxidant activity and postharvest quality of sweet pomegranates cv. Hicrannar under modified atmosphere packaging

The effects of different modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on antioxidant compounds and storage quality of ‘Hicrannar’ sweet pomegranates were investigated during long term storage. Pomegranates were harvested at the commercial harvest stage and packed in two different types of MAP (MAP1 and MAP2). After packaging, all fruit were stored at 6 °C and 90–95% RH for 120 days, then removed from storage for different quality analyses. Some fruit were kept at 20 °C for 3 days to simulate a period of shelf-life. Fruit weight loss, decay index, skin color, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids content, total phenolics, total anthocyanins and antioxidant activity were determined. Internal atmospheres created by the MAP were periodically assessed during cold storage, and CO₂ concentrations increased and O₂ concentrations decreased inside the MAP. MAP significantly reduced weight loss after both 120 days of cold storage and shelf-life. MAP2 was the most effective packaging in reducing weight loss. Storage of pomegranates in MAP also reduced decay and the decay index, and maintained visual appearance compared to control fruit. During storage, a decrease in L* and C* values and an increase in h° values were observed in all treatments. However, fruit stored in MAP2 had higher L*, C* and lower h° values than in other treatments. Titratable acidity and total soluble solids decreased after cold storage and shelf-life, and no significant differences among treatments were found. Total phenolics, total anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity increased during the storage period in control fruit.     

1-MCP结合自发气调包装对‘空心李’果实软化和细胞壁代谢的影响

探讨果实软化与细胞壁代谢之间的关系及1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)结合自发气调包装(MAP)对果实软化的调控机制,为生产中李果实软化问题提供理论依据和技术参考。笔者以贵州省特色果品‘空心李’为试材,通过测定果实的硬度、细胞壁代谢成分和细胞壁代谢酶活性的变化,研究1-MCP、MAP及两者结合(1-MCP+MAP)对(20±1)℃下果实软化的抑制效应。结果表明：（1）与对照（直接放于纸箱内）相比,1-MCP、MAP及1-MCP+MAP处理抑制了果实硬度下降,原果胶和纤维素降解,抑制了多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、果胶甲脂酶(PME)和纤维素酶(Cx)活性增加,抑制效果为1-MCP+MAP>1-MCP>MAP。（2）果实硬度的下降与原果胶和纤维素含量呈显著正相关,与可溶性果胶含量关系表现不一,1-MCP和1-MCP+MAP处理与可溶性果胶含量呈显著负相关,而对照和MAP处理与可溶性果胶含量没有表现出明显的相关性。1-MCP、MAP、1-MCP+MAP处理和对照果实硬度的下降与PG和PME活性存在显著负相关,对照和MAP处理的果实硬度与Cx活性表现显著负相关,1-MCP和1-MCP+MAP处理果实硬度与Cx活性没有表现相关性。1-MCP结合MAP对沿河‘空心李’果实硬度下降、细胞壁物质降解及其相关酶活性有显著抑制作用,能够抑制‘空心李’果实软化,延长保鲜时间,减少采后损失。     

不同薄膜包装方式对青花菜贮藏品质的影响

在4℃低温条件下,选用厚度为0.04mm的PE薄膜,采用4种包装方式（开口包装、无孔密封包装、直径1mm微孔密封包装和直径5mm大孔密封包装）,研究了不同包装方式对青花菜贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,4种包装方式均能在一定程度上防止营养成分的降解,延缓采后青花菜衰老,提高其商品价值。但综合外观和营养品质分析来看,MAP包装方式的贮藏效果由高到低分别为：无孔MAP密封包装>小孔MAP密封包装>大孔MAP密封包装>开口包装。     

1-MCP与MAP处理对酥梨半地下通风库贮后货架期品质的影响

研究经1-MCP与MAP处理在半地下通风库贮藏6个月后酥梨果实货架期品质的变化.结果表明,与对照相比,1-MCP处理及PE微孔保鲜膜MAP处理均能明显降低贮后货架期酥梨果实的呼吸速率和乙烯释放量,很好地保持果实的硬度,延缓可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的下降,抑制乙醇的产生,延缓衰老,降低黑心指数及腐烂率,较好地保持果实的...     

Modified atmosphere packaging of yellow and purple plum cultivars. 2. Effect on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity

Changes in bioactive compounds (total phenolics and total carotenoids, and individual anthocyanins) as well as total antioxidant activity (TAA) in separate fractions; hydrophilic (H-TAA) and lipophilic (L-TAA), in the peel and the flesh of 2 purple and 2 yellow skin plum cultivars under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) conditions, using two films with different gas permeability, were studied. Results revealed that in all cultivars, total phenolics and H-TAA increased in the peel and flesh during storage, as well as the two identified anthocyanins: cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside in the purple cultivars. These changes were significantly delayed in fruit stored under MAP conditions. Total carotenoids and L-TAA increased in the yellow cultivars (in both peel and flesh) while decreases were observed in the purple cultivars, these changes also being delayed by the use of MAP. Positive correlations were found between H-TAA and total phenolics and between L-TAA and total carotenoids.