小鹅瘟病原学与检测方法的研究

从患病雏鹅的病料样本中分离鉴定出一株小鹅瘟野生强毒.采用鹅胚增殖病毒,以琼脂扩散试验从感染鹅胚尿囊液中检出小鹅瘟病毒抗原;以感染鹅胚尿囊液人工接种5日龄健康雏鹅,复制出与自然感染病例相类似的病变; 通过电镜观察到典型的小鹅瘟病毒粒子.该分离毒株核酸分子量为5 000 bp.制备的小鹅瘟沉淀抗原可以检测患病雏鹅血清中的抗体,监测治疗血清的滴度和疫苗接种的效果.标记的小鹅瘟荧光抗体能直接检测患病雏鹅组织中的病毒抗原.针对编码主要结构蛋白VP3的基因设计合成一对引物,扩增出与预期长度相符的特异性DNA片段.     

小鹅瘟病毒分离与初步鉴定

取死于具有小鹅瘟典型症状的 7日龄吉林白鹅脾脏 ,制成乳剂 ,接种于未免疫小鹅瘟疫苗的健康母鹅所产种蛋的 12日龄鹅胚尿囊腔。结果当盲传至第 3代 ,鹅胚死亡 ,电镜负染尿囊液观察到细小病毒样粒子。雏鹅接种试验结果表明 ,试验组雏鹅表现出小鹅瘟临床症状和剖检特征。由此证明 ,该雏鹅死于小鹅瘟     

小鹅瘟病毒荧光抗体的制备与应用

将小鹅瘟病毒(GPV)分离毒xw株接种健康兔获得兔抗GPV超免疫血清，由此制备兔抗GPV荧光抗体。采用直接荧光抗体试验对人工感染雏鹅、鹅胚及自然病例进行了检测。结果表明，该方法可栓出患病组织中的病毒抗原，且肠和肝的含毒量高于尿囊细胞。     

1株小鹅瘟病毒的分离与鉴定

自山东省某鹅场病死鹅组织病料中分离到1株小鹅瘟病毒,命名为SD株。对其进行了PCR检测、电镜观察、回归动物试验和特异性鉴定。结果表明,该分离株的VP3基因扩增片段为436 bp,与小鹅瘟病毒基因序列同源性达到95%以上;病毒形态与小鹅瘟病毒基本一致;鹅胚尿囊液毒肌肉接种4日龄雏鹅10日内80%死亡,死亡雏鹅剖检主要病变为肿大,表面有坏死斑,十二指肠肠腔膨大,肠道黏膜脱落。该分离株的确定为小鹅瘟的精准防控提供了依据。     

小鹅瘟病毒的分离与鉴定

用接种鹅胚的病毒增殖法,从具有小鹅瘟典型症状和病理变化的病死雏鹅的脏器中分离到一株病毒,并进行了鹅胚致病性试验、鹅胚中和试验、雏鹅感染试验和琼脂扩散试验.结果表明,所分离的毒株为小鹅瘟病毒.     

小鹅瘟病毒GD-06株的分离鉴定

从广东某地死亡的、具有小鹅瘟典型病变的雏鹅肝、脾中分离到一株病毒。采用鹅胚增殖病毒，通过电镜观察到细小病毒样粒子；人工感染7日龄健康易感雏鹅，引起100％的发病和死亡，并具有典型小鹅瘟的临床症状和剖检特征。经琼脂扩散试验，用此株病毒感染的鹅胚液制备的小鹅瘟沉淀抗原能与小鹅瘟病毒阳性血清发生特异性反应。针对编码主要结构蛋白VP3的基因设计合成一对引物，扩增出与预期长度相符的特异性DNA片段。     

用病毒分离法鉴定诊断小鹅瘟

采用未免疫小鹅瘟疫苗的健康母鹅所产种蛋的12日龄鹅胚,从死亡的具有小鹅瘟典型症状雏鹅的脾中分离到1株病毒,电镜负染观察到细小病毒样粒子。雏鹅接种试验结果,试验组雏鹅表现出小鹅瘟临床症状和剖检特征。由此证明该雏鹅死于小鹅瘟。     

一株小鹅瘟病毒的分离与鉴定

近期,江苏镇江地区某雏鹅群中发生以严重下痢,呼吸困难,高死亡率,小肠卡他性、纤维素性坏死性肠炎为特点的传染病,疑似小鹅瘟病毒感染.为进一步确诊,对送检的病料用无小鹅瘟母源抗体的鹅胚进行病毒分离鉴定及PCR检测.试验结果显示,接种病料的鹅胚尿囊膜增厚,死亡胚体充血和出血,胚肝出血,心脏呈白瓷色；PCR成功扩增出与预期大小相符的550 bp目的片段.对PCR产物测序及BLAST分析表明,扩增的VP3基因与CHv-1基因同源性为100％,由此确定该鹅群感染了小鹅瘟病毒.     

小鹅瘟病毒常州株的鉴定及其致弱研究

从具有小鹅瘟典型症状、病变的病死雏鹅病料中分离到疑似小鹅瘟病毒常州株GPV／JSCZ／2004／01。通过磷钨酸负染经透射电镜观察可见细小病毒样病毒粒子，取死亡胚尿囊液浓缩后与GPV阳性多抗血清作用显示有阳性琼扩线出现，通过GPV特异性引物和相应的PCR试验，扩增出了特异性的DNA条带。研究结果表明分离到小鹅瘟病毒常州株。对常州株第3代毒进行番鸭胚半数致死量（ELD50）测定，为10^-3．1／0．2mL。将分离毒GPV／JSCZ／2004／01感染鹅胚成纤维细胞（GEF）并连续传代培养，结果显示该毒株在细胞培养传代到第9代时能用单抗介导的间接免疫荧光试验检测到病毒在GEF的感染，表明产生了细胞适应毒（CZ—ca）。取第14代细胞毒（CZ—ca14）10倍比稀释测定TCID50，同时进行雏鹅致病性试验，结果显示细胞毒的TCID50为10^-9.4／0．2mL，对雏鹅的发病率和死亡率为0，但原始分离株的发病率和死亡率为100％。研究结果进一步证明小鹅瘟强毒株通过连续细胞传代培养可以达到致弱效果，为小鹅瘟病毒致弱研究提供了参考。     

小鹅瘟病毒地方株的分离与鉴定

对安徽省六安地区疑似小鹅瘟病死雏鹅进行剖检,对具有典型症状和病变的病死雏鹅脏器进行病毒的分离培养.用接种鹅胚的病毒增殖法,从病死雏鹩的脏器中分离到一株病毒.通过鹩胚致病性试验、鹅胚中和试验、雏鹅感染试验和琼脂扩散试验,初步鉴定所分离的毒株为小鹅瘟病毒,且该病毒具有较强的致病性.     

吉林地区1株小鹅瘟病毒NS1和VP1基因的克隆与序列分析

为了解吉林地区小鹅瘟病毒（Gosling plague virus,GPV）的基因特征,及其与黑龙江及中国其他省份和国外流行毒株的相关性,本研究采用PCR方法鉴定2018年吉林某养鹅场送检的病死雏鹅的肠组织,同时对GPV的非结构蛋白NS1基因及结构蛋白VP1基因进行了克隆和测序,并与国内外16株GPV参考毒株的相应序列进行分析。结果表明,病死雏鹅为GPV与减蛋综合征病毒（Egg drop syndrome virus,EDSV）混合感染;吉林地区GPV的NS1基因长为1 884 bp,编码627个氨基酸,与参考毒株核苷酸序列同源性为93.8%~99.8%,氨基酸序列同源性为97.1%~99.7%;VP1基因长为2 199 bp,编码732个氨基酸,与参考毒株核苷酸序列同源性为93.4%~99.9%,氨基酸序列同源性为96.4%~99.9%。NS1及VP1基因的系统进化树分析均表明,吉林地区GPV与哈尔滨分离株98E属于同一进化分支,亲缘关系最近,与国外分离株、中国台湾和安徽分离株亲缘关系均较远。吉林地区GPV与鹅源GPV具有较近的亲源关系,同源性明显高于其他水禽来源的GPV。该研究为明确中国东北地区GPV空间的流行规律提供基础数据,为东北地区GPV的诊断与治疗提供参考依据。     

鹅细小病毒侵染雏鹅组织器官的氧化/脱氢酶及同工酶研究

酶是催化代谢途径的高效活性基因产物,应激环境和遗传基础的不同导致同工酶结构或活性差异,使不同组织和发育阶段的酶种类和活性表现特异性变化。采用生化分析试验技术和PAGE分析鹅细小病毒(GPV)感染雏鹅氧化/脱氢酶(LDH、ADH、POD、CAT)的活性及同工酶特征变异,结果表明,GPV感染雏鹅的脑、心脏、脾脏组织新出现1条POD同工酶谱带,肺脏组织消失1条同工酶谱带;GPV感染雏鹅的肝脏、脾脏组织分别缺失慢区3条和1条CAT同工酶谱带;GPV感染雏鹅组织器官的LDH和ADH同工酶仅显示1~2个慢区带,肺脏缺失1条慢区ADH同工酶谱带,ADH活性降低了13.61%~61.08%,心脏增高1.2倍;POD、CAT、LDH活性分别增强1.2~6、1.5~3.5、2~2.5倍,而脑、肺脏的CAT活性降低了40.29%和94.68%,心脏、肺脏的LDH活性降低了75.93%和91.81%。提示氧化/脱氢酶产生的广泛变异是GPV感染应激与宿主氧化/脱氢酶基因表达的互作效应,其酶的谱型、活性等生化特征变异,直接或间接调控代谢途径、影响生理机能及病理性能,敏感的氧化/脱氢酶是研究病毒基因型与宿主遗传易感性互作病理学机制的有效标记物。     

Study on the Oxidase/Dehydrogenase Enzymes and Isozyme from Tissues and Organs of Goslings Infected by Goose Parvovirus

The enzyme was efficient active gene product of catalyzing metabolic pathway.Stress environment and genetic basis led the differences of isozyme structure or activity, which specific changes of the kinds and activities of enzyme were showed in different tissues and developmental stages.Here, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), peroxydase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were respectively extracted from brain, heart, liver, lung and spleen tissues and organs of goslings infected by goose parvovirus (GPV) and control group.The results of PAGE and biochemical analysis showed that there respectively were 3 and 1 slow-zone CAT isozyme bands deletion in liver and spleen of goslings infected by GPV.There respectively were 1 new enzyme band of POD isozyme in the brain, heart and spleen of goslings infected by GPV, but 1 enzyme band of POD isozyme deletion in the lung of goslings infected by GPV.It only showed 1 to 2 slow-zone LDH and ADH isozyme bands in organ and tissue of goslings infected by GPV, and deleted 1 slow-zone ADH isozyme band in the lung of goslings infected by GPV.The activity of ADH from goslings infected by GPV were reduced 13.61% to 61.08%, but increased 1.2 times in the heart of goslings infected by GPV.The activity of POD, CAT and LDH from goslings infected by GPV were higher 1.2 to 6, 1.5 to 3.5, 2 to 2.5 times than that of control group, respectively.The activity of CAT reduced 40.29% and 94.68% in the brain and lung of goslings infected by GPV.The activity of LDH reduced 75.93% and 91.81% in liver and lung of goslings infected by GPV.Those results indicated that the interaction of GPV stress and host oxidase/dehydrogenase enzyme gene expression resulted in the biochemical characteristics variation of activity and isozyme patterns of oxidase/dehydrogenase enzyme, and directly or indirectly affected metabolic approach and physiological pathological function on goslings infected by GPV.Therefore, sensitive oxidase/dehydrogenase was the effective marker of pathological mechanism on investigation of virus genotype interaction with genetic susceptibility of the host.     

Study on the Isozyme Variability and Activity of Protein/Enzymes from Gosling Blood Infected with Goose Parvovirus

In order to understand the pathogenesis of GPV (goose parvovirus),and explore the molecular variation of protein/enzyme,the protein,protective enzymes (Est,POD,SOD,protease) and isozyme from goslings blood infected with GPV were analyzed by biochemistry and molecular biology.The results showed that the activity of protease,content of protein,the activities of POD,SOD and Est (in plasma and blood corpuscle) from goslings infected with GPV were 1.46 and 1.63,1.51 and 1.49,1.50 and 1.14,1.36 and 1.73,1.30 and 1.53 times than that of control group,respectively.In the plasma of goslings infected with GPV,2 bands (134 and 239) of SOD isozyme appeared,2 fast-zone enzyme band appeared and 2 slow-zone enzyme band deleted in Est isozyme,1 slow-zone zymoprotein band (304) deleted and 4 new main protein bands (131,86,43 and 33 ku) appeared.In the blood corpuscle of goslings infected with GPV,2 new enzyme bands (93 and 203) of POD isozyme,1 medium-zone enzyme band (160) of SOD isozyme,1 fast-zone enzyme band of Est isozyme,2 slow-zone zymoprotein band (223 and 330) and 4 new main protein bands (144,104,58 and 53 ku) appeared.These results indicated that the interaction of GPV stress and host protein/enzymes and isozyme gene expression would result in the biochemical characteristics variation of activity and isozyme patterns of protein/enzymes,and directly or indirectly affect metabolic approach and pathological biochemical function on goslings infected with GPV,and enhance the defense and stress ability of GPV.Therefore,protein/enzymes and isozyme might be sensitive enzyme of GPV infection stress,and were effective marker of pathological mechanism on investigation of virus genotype interaction with genetic susceptibility of the host.     

鹅细小病毒感染雏鹅血液的蛋白/酶活性及同工酶变异性研究

为了解鹅细小病毒(goose parvovirus,GPV)侵染的病理学致病机理,探究蛋白/酶的分子变异特征,本研究对GPV感染雏鹅血液中的蛋白质、保护酶、蛋白酶活性及其同工酶结构和功能等进行了生化—分子生物学分析.结果显示,GPV感染雏鹅的血液中(血浆和血细胞)蛋白酶活性和蛋白质含量、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及酯酶(Est)活性分别是对照组的1.46和1.63、1.51和1.49、1.50和1.14、1.36和1.73、1.30和1.53倍.GPV感染雏鹅的血浆中,SOD同工酶增加了2条谱带(134和239);Est同工酶增加2条快区主带,减少了2条慢区谱带;酶蛋白减少1条慢区谱带(304);蛋白质新增加4条主带(131、86、43、33 ku).而血细胞新出现2条POD同工酶谱带(93和203),分别增加了1条(160)中区SOD同工酶谱带、1个快区Est同工酶谱带、2个慢区酶蛋白谱(223和330)和4个蛋白主带(144、104、58、53 ku).提示GPV感染应激与寄主基因表达的蛋白质、保护酶、蛋白酶及同工酶相互网络协作会引起酶的谱型、活性等生化特征变异,直接或间接调控代谢途径与病理生化性能,增强机体对入侵GPV的防御应激性能.因此,蛋白质、保护酶、蛋白酶及同工酶是GPV感染的应激靶标,可作为雏鹅易感GPV致病机制研究的有效标记.     

小鹅瘟马源高免血清的制备及应用

采用JLDA株小鹅瘟抗原,高免马匹后经采血精制可获得滴度为1∶64～1∶128的抗小鹅瘟高免血浆。通过胃蛋白酶消化-硫酸铵盐析的工艺,得到小鹅瘟马源高免血清。按0.5 mL/羽剂量共预防雏鹅52.48万羽,按1 mL/羽～3 mL/羽剂量共治疗感染雏鹅5.66万羽,证实该抗血清效价高,对雏鹅的预防保护率为95.58%,对感染雏鹅的治愈率为92.87%,表明对小鹅瘟防治安全高效。马采血量大,成本低,同时有效地避免了同源动物间其他疫病的感染和强毒的散播,较之用鹅作为血清来源动物经济和社会效益显著。     

Localization of linear B-cell epitopes on goose parvovirus structural protein

Goose parvovirus (GPV), a small non-enveloped ssDNA virus, can cause Derzsy's disease, a highly contagious and lethal disease in goslings and muscovy ducklings, leading to a huge economic loss. However, little is known about the localization of B-cell epitopes on GPV structural protein. To address the issue, the structural protein of GPV was dissected into sets of partially overlapping fragments and expressed in Escherichia coli. Then Western blot reactivity of these glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion short peptides to viral infected sera was surveyed. The results showed linear immunodominant epitopes, which were found in seven fragments covering amino acid residues 35-71, 123-198, 423-444, 474-491, 531-566, 616-669, 678-732. Our findings may provide the basis for the development of immunity-based prophylactic, therapeutic, and diagnostic clinical techniques for Derzsy's disease.     

鹅细小病毒QY株的生物特性研究

本研究的病毒是从广东患病鹅的小肠组织中分离的,初步鉴定为小鹅瘟病毒(Goose parvovirus,GPV),命名为QY/05后,对病毒的生物学特性进行了鉴定。病料经过处理后,接种12日龄非免疫鹅胚,传代,发现病毒对鹅胚的平均致死时间为3～4d,胚体全身出现较为严重的出血点。病毒接种鹅成纤维细胞和番鸭成纤维细胞,显微镜下可见细胞圆缩、脱落、折光性增强等明显的细胞病变。鹅胚尿囊液经梯度离心后,磷钨酸负染,电镜下可见明显细小的病毒样粒子。这株小鹅瘟病毒尿囊液对鹅胚的EID50为10-3.67/0.3ml。对鹅胚成纤维细胞的TCID50分别为2-5.425/0.1ml。感染一个病毒最小致死量的鹅胚平均死亡时间(MDT)分别为96h。提取DNA后,PCR扩增,在阳性对照处扩增出需要的目的条带。研究结果表明,该分离毒株为典型的鹅细小病毒(Goose Parvovirus,GPV)。