辽宁省大连市种公猪伪狂犬病血清抗体与精液病原的对应检测

为掌握大连市种公猪伪狂犬病(PR)免疫和野毒感染情况,以及种公猪带毒对猪场PR净化的影响,采用ELISA试验、荧光PCR试验,对24个种猪场的108头种公猪,对应检测伪狂犬病毒(PRV)gE抗体、gB抗体和精液中的PRV核酸,同时检测同场经产母猪的PRV gE抗体、gB抗体。根据种公猪检测结果,划分不同PR净化等级种公猪场,并分析不同等级种公猪场经产母猪的PRV gE抗体。结果显示:种公猪PRV gB抗体阳性率为71.3%,gE抗体阳性率为37.0%;精液PRV核酸阳性率为2.8%。精液PRV核酸检测全部为阴性的一级种公猪场,占比为25%;一级种公猪场的经产母猪PRV gE抗体全部为阴性,二、三、四级种公猪场的种公猪与经产母猪同步呈现从低到高的PRV野毒感染水平。结果表明:种公猪在PR净化中起关键性作用;对于PR净化,对种公猪不但要进行PRV gE抗体检测,还要进行精液病原检测。     

公猪精液传播的疫病及其控制

<正>1垂直传播性疫病的传播途径垂直传播性疫病主要有两种传播途径,一种是母猪传给仔猪。母猪主要通过胎盘感染(胚胎子宫内感染)、分娩时直接或间接接触、乳汁传播(如仔猪流行性腹泻是近两年影响养猪业最严重的疫病,在其流行期间,母猪的乳汁可携带此病毒)和胚胎移植等形式将疫病传给仔猪。二是公猪传给母猪。公猪通过配种(包括人工授精和自然交配)将精液中携     

山东种公猪精液携带主要病原的检测

采用PCR技术,对2007年-2009年山东部分地区的38个猪场和人工授精站的生产公猪精液样品727份进行了猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)和猪细小病毒(PPV)5种主要病原的检测。结果检出CSFV、PRRSV、PRV、PCV-2和PPV的阳性数和阳性率分别为18份(2.48%)、27份(3.71%)、7份(0.96%)、33份(4.54%)、9份(1.24%),有7份样品为2种以上病原混合感染,其中以PRRSV+PCV-2混合感染最多。结果表明精液传播病毒仍是当前母猪繁殖障碍的重要原因之一,应重点加强对种公猪的疫病净化和公猪精液管理,从源头控制传染源。     

外购精液进行母猪人工授精配种技术要点

母猪饲养场户自己不养种公猪,母猪发情时到社会化种猪精液供应站购买精液,通过人工授精的方法给母猪配种.此方法,具有所用种公猪质量好、基因优良、经济实惠、方便快捷等优点.本人根据在建平县种猪精液供应中心工作的经验,谈一下外购精液给母猪人工授精配种的技术要点.     

种公猪精液品质不良的表现类型与原因

<正>种公猪的精液质量是体现其繁殖力的一个最为重要的方面,精液品质不良是种公猪不育的重要原因之一。精液品质不良的种公猪在本交时,常因母猪不能正常受孕而返情。而在人工授精时,     

公猪精液的稀释和保存

人工授精是用器械采取公猪的精液,再用器械把精液注入到发情母猪生殖道内,以代替公、母猪自然交配的一种配种方法,包括采精、检查、稀释、保存和配种等过程。利用人工授精可以提高优良公猪利用率,减少公猪饲养头数,节约成本,提高经济效益,克服公、母猪体格大小悬殊时进行本交的困难,避免疾病的传播,解决多次配种所需要的精液。另外,人工授精技术与繁殖控制技术相结合,如同期发情和诱发分娩,使猪群管理更加方便,有利于全进全出的现代化养猪生产体系的建立。     

猪场精液生产要点及注意事项

在养猪生产中,精液生产作为人工授精技术的重要组成部分,与猪场的生产成绩和经济效益有着必然联系,精液质量直接影响母猪的受胎率和产仔数;本文对种公猪的管理,精液的采集、稀释、检测和保存等几个方面的注意事项进行总结,供广大养殖业者参考。     

牛精液中污染的病毒

<正> 前言 人工授精技术自30年代以来被广泛利用于养牛业。人工授精除提高受精率外,还使我们能够跨地区、跨国界地进行优良品种的选育。但是,人工授精可能由于精液污染病原因子而传播牛的疾病。包括细菌、真菌、原虫、病毒病。精液中病毒的来源有外源性,如肠道病毒,为采集精液时粪便污染造成的。有内源性的,是由于全身性或局部的病毒感染或通过睾丸、附睾或包皮分泌物排泄病毒造成的。精液中污染细菌引起的性病传播可通过对精液用抗菌素处理来控制,但病毒病不行。多年来,人工授精站通过建立无特殊病毒病原的种牛来控制精液传播病毒病。本文将介绍几种常见的污染精液的病毒的实验室诊断方法及控制手段。     

日粮中添加氨基酸对提高公猪精液品质的效果

日粮中添加氨基酸对提高公猪精液品质的效果沈培庆许卯生（江苏省吴江市家畜改良站２１５２００）公猪的精液品质是猪人工授精统一供精的关键，它不仅对改良站的生产和效益有影响，更重要的是影响到母猪的受胎率、产仔率，关系到养殖户的经济效益。目前推广的良种瘦肉型公...     

公猪饲管及温度对精液品质影响

<正> 在推广猪人工授精技术工作过程中,提高母猪情期受胎率是关键性技术环节。精液质量及授精技术的优劣决定受胎产仔率的高低。精液质量包括密度、活力及精子存活时间长短三个方面。种公猪的饲养水平优劣决定精液质量好坏;采精频率、保存、运输时环境温度温差大小可直接影响精液质量。受胎产仔率;除母猪品种、个体差异及适时授精技术外,精液质量优劣决定受胎产仔率高低。现将有关环节归纳介绍于后。     

种公猪精液伪狂犬病野毒的筛查

本文基于1 100头基础母猪的规模化场进行公猪精液伪狂犬病病毒筛查,农业部规定伪狂犬病病原学检测方法是通过ELSIA方法检测猪伪狂犬病gE野毒抗体。由于抗体检测具有滞后性,导致正在发生感染的猪群g E抗体检测往往呈阴性,但此时通过病原学检测精液已经正在排毒。本文互补了ELSIA抗体检测方法与荧光定性PCR检测病原的优劣,成功实现种公猪精液伪狂犬病病毒的筛查。     

Update on semen technologies for animal breeding.

Despite the scale of the livestock breeding industry, where many millions of insemination doses are prepared each year, sperm preparation techniques are used infrequently in animal assisted reproduction compared with its human counterpart. However, some of the techniques used for human sperm preparation, for example, density gradient centrifugation, improve the quality of sperm preparations which is, in turn, reflected by an increased conception rate. The preparation technique separates motile spermatozoa with normal morphology and intact DNA from the total sperm population, leaving behind immature or senescent spermatozoa, morphologically abnormal ones and those with damaged DNA. Furthermore, the motile spermatozoa are removed from the seminal plasma which carries cells, cellular debris and reactive oxygen species, as well as pathogens. Gradient-prepared spermatozoa survive longer, either in liquid storage or when cryopreserved, and are free of bacteria and viral infectivity if prepared carefully. Preparation techniques such as density gradient centrifugation, or the simplified single layer centrifugation technique, have considerable potential for aiding sperm preparation from poor quality semen samples, such as may be obtained from unselected semen donors in captive breeding programmes, or from performance horses. Moreover, the removal of pathogens has important implications, both for disease control and for avoiding the use of antibiotics in semen extenders, which can be detrimental to sperm survival.     

Detection of chlamydiae in boar semen and genital tracts

Chlamydiae cause abortion and reproductive disorders in sows. Although organisms can infect the male genital tract, little is known about the disease situation in boars. Hence, we examined the prevalence of chlamydial infection in semen and genital tracts of boars. Samples collected from Swiss boars (group A: n=42), and boars from Germany (group B: n=39) were examined by bacteriology, LPS-ELISA, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The latter methodology involved use of three PCR assays including 16Sig rDNA, IGS-S (intergenic spacer 16S/23S-Short) and IGS-L (intergenic spacer 16S/23S-Long) PCR for comparison methods. PCR sensitivity and the presence of potential PCR inhibitors were determined by spiking semen with Chlamydophila (Cp.) abortus DNA. Detection limits of the 16Sig and IGS-S PCR were 10 templates, while the IGS-L PCR was less sensitive (100 templates). Of 25 semen samples that were collected from group A, one semen sample was positive for Cp. psittaci and two were positive for Chlamydia-like organisms by 16Sig PCR. Screening of sera from Swiss boars revealed three animals with positive reactions in the LPS-ELISA, although we failed to detect chlamydiae within organs of these or sera-negative animals by IHC or IGS-S PCR. In group B, 10 ejaculates were positive for Chlamydia (C.) suis and two were positive for Chlamydia-like organisms by 16S PCR. The identification of DNA from Chlamydia-like organisms in semen from both groups of boars was surprising and a role for these bacteria in reproductive diseases requires further assessment. In conclusion, the prevalence of chlamydial infection was low in group A animals indicating that venereal transmission may not be significant for Chlamydia-associated reproductive diseases in pigs, although rare cases may occur.     

Swine diseases transmissible with artificial insemination

The transport of fresh and frozen semen to be used for artificial insemination creates a mode of disease transmission between farms. Normally, semen contains a number of nonpathogenic bacterial contaminants; however, excessive bacterial contamination can result in infertile matings. Contamination with a known pathogen, eg, Brucella suis, could initiate a serious outbreak of disease in a recipient herd. Methods to minimize bacterial contamination of semen include sanitary collecting and processing of semen, isolation of boards from certain pathogens, and the addition of appropriate broad spectrum or combination antibiotics to the semen. Mycoplasmas also have been isolated from semen, although transmission by this route is unlikely. The addition of an appropriate antimycoplasmal antibiotic to semen may be warranted in some situations. Numerous viruses have been detected in semen. Their exclusion from semen is especially critical because of their ability to survive in frozen semen. These viruses include pseudorabies virus, porcine parvovirus, enterovirus, adenovirus, vesicular disease virus, and African swine fever virus. The likelihood of disease transmission is greater with the introduction of a boar into a herd than through the use of fresh or frozen semen. We believe that artificial insemination allows for the introduction of new genetics into a breeding program, with minimal risk of disease transmission.     

Method for the inactivation of virus on semen straws

A number of infectious agents including some viruses may be transmitted through semen. In methods for the processing and storage of frozen semen where liquid nitrogen has free access to the semen such as in the pellet method the possibility exists of infectious agents being transferred from one dose of semen to the other. The assumption that transmission may take place has been supported by Lorrmann (1968) who demonstrated that sperm could be transferred from one pellet to another. In other freezing procedures such as the straw method the processing is so that the vials (straws) may be contaminated on their outside surface from the semen for which they are used or otherwise, and the possibility exists, therefore, of contamination of the liquid nitrogen in the storage container with viruses and other infectious agents.     

Colloid centrifugation of boar semen

Colloid centrifugation of boar semen has been reported sporadically for at least the last two decades, beginning with density gradient centrifugation (DGC) and progressing more recently to single layer centrifugation (SLC). Single layer centrifugation through a species-specific colloid has been shown to be effective in selecting the best spermatozoa (spermatozoa with good motility and normal morphology) from boar sperm samples. The method is easier to use and less time-consuming than DGC and has been scaled-up to allow whole ejaculates from other species, e.g. stallions, to be processed in a practical manner. The SLC technique is described, and various scale-up versions are presented. The potential applications for SLC in boar semen preservation are as follows: to improve sperm quality in artificial insemination (AI) doses for 'problem' boars; to increase the shelf-life of normal stored sperm samples, either by processing the fresh semen before preparing AI doses or by processing the stored semen dose to extract the best spermatozoa; to remove pathogens (viruses, bacteria), thus improving biosecurity of semen doses and potentially reducing the use of antibiotics; to improve cryosurvival by removing dead and dying spermatozoa prior to cryopreservation; to select spermatozoa for in vitro fertilization. These applications are discussed and practical examples are provided. Finally, a few thoughts about the economic value of the technique to the boar semen industry are presented.     

猪精液冷冻关键技术的研究与应用探析

猪精液冷冻技术具有类似于牛冷冻精液的巨大的优越性,因而受到全球养猪业的高度重视和广泛关注,国内外学者也为其进行了大量的研究工作,取得了一定成效。但鉴于猪冻精输配的母猪繁殖成绩不理想,导致猪冻精的使用仍没有得到大范围推广,但这并不妨碍人们继续进行猪冻精制作的深入研究与实践,猪精液冷冻工艺流程中任何一个环节所能取得的进展都可为今后猪冷冻精液标准化、规模化生产提供依据。文章简要介绍了猪精液冷冻技术操作工艺流程、关键技术环节研究与应用以及存在的主要问题和对未来的展望。     

Field data analysis of boar semen quality

This contribution provides an overview of approaches to correlate sow fertility data with boar semen quality characteristics. Large data sets of fertility data and ejaculate data are more suitable to analyse effects of semen quality characteristics on field fertility. Variation in fertility in sows is large. The effect of semen factors is relatively small and therefore impossible to find in smaller data sets. Large data sets allow for statistical corrections on both sow- and boar-related parameters. Remaining sow fertility variation can then be assigned to semen quality parameters, which is of huge interest to AI (artificial insemination) companies. Previous studies of Varkens KI Nederland to find the contribution to field fertility of (i) the number of sperm cells in an insemination dose, (ii) the sperm motility and morphological defects and (iii) the age of semen at the moment of insemination are discussed in context of the possibility to apply such knowledge to select boars on the basis of their sperm parameters for AI purposes.     

Fertilizing capacity of boar semen frozen in an extender supplemented with ostrich egg yolk lipoprotein fractions--a pilot study

A limited field trial was performed to evaluate the fertilizing capacity of boar spermatozoa frozen in an extender supplemented with lipoprotein fractions isolated from ostrich egg yolk (LPFo). Boar semen, diluted in an extender containing lactose with lyophilized lipoprotein fractions, glycerol and Orvus Es Paste (lactose-LPFo-G), was frozen using a controlled programmable freezer. Sperm characteristics, such as motility, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial function were monitored. Post-cervical artificial inseminations (post-CAIs) in multiparous sows (Polish Large White) were performed using the Soft & Quick catheter/cannula set. Sows were inseminated 2 to 3 times within one oestrus. Possible returns of sows to oestrus were determined from 21 to 30 days after post-CAIs. In this field trial, sows inseminated with 2 x 10(9) motile frozen-thawed spermatozoa resulted in pregnancy and farrowing rates of 75%, respectively. The average piglets born live was 10.5 +/- 0.4 (mean +/- SEM). The data of this study showed that post-CAI of boar semen frozen in LPFo-containing extender has the potential to provide acceptable fertility results. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the cause of variations in pregnancy/farrowing rate associated with frozen-thawed boar semen.     

The reproductive performance and factors affecting on-farm application of low-dose intrauterine deposit of semen in sows

The objective of this experiment was to determine the reproductive performance and factors that affect on-farm application of low-dose intrauterine insemination (IUI) in sows. Four hundred twenty-two sows were used in a simple arrangement of four treatments to determine the effect of spermatozoa per dose (0.5 x 10(9), 1 x 10(9), or 4 x 10(9) IUI, and 4 x 10(9) with a conventional catheter) on the main effects of conception, litter size, and farrowing rate. Following weaning at approximately 18 d after parturition, estrus detection was performed daily in the presence of a mature boar. At the time of estrus detection, sows were blocked for parity (1, 2, or 3+), weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI; 3, 4, or 5 d), and assigned randomly to be serviced twice with semen from the same boar(s). Treatment services were equally divided among three technicians. Delivery of acceptable numbers of spermatozoa per dose with either device (IUI or conventional) produced similar reproductive performances; however, farrowing rate, total pigs born, and total born alive decreased (P < 0.05) when suboptimal numbers (< or = 1 x 10(9)) of spermatozoa were used with IUI. Treatment interactions with parity were not detected and were removed from the final model. Treatment interactions with WEI on farrowing rate were detected (P < 0.05), and sows with WEI of 3 d had a markedly lower (P < 0.05) farrowing rate than all other treatment groups. The results from this experiment suggest that placement of semen at the beginning of the uterine horn with conventional volumes and spermatozoa numbers produces results similar to placement of semen in the cervical cavity with a conventional AI catheter. Although there is little published evidence of reproductive performances in a commercial setting with suboptimal numbers of spermatozoa, these results suggest that insemination beyond the cervix does not offset effects of suboptimal numbers of spermatozoa.