大雁的人工养殖技术

大雁是鹅的祖先,属鸭科,鸿雁、豆雁、灰雁、雪雁等统称为雁,是大型候鸟之一。大雁躯体肥大,体重一般在4～5kg,翅长而尖,腿部粗壮有力,胸部肌肉厚实发达,善高飞。大雁肉质蛋白含量高,脂肪含量低,并富含多种微量元素和矿物质,如钙、磷、铁等。     

大雁养殖

1饲养价值 大雁又称野鹅,是鸭科.雁属中的鸿雁、豆雁和灰雁等总称,大型候鸟,是我国重要的狩猎水禽之一 .     

大雁人工养殖

大雁又称野鹅，是鸭科雁属中的黑雁、鸿雁、灰雁、豆雁、斑头雁等的总称。大雁为候鸟，是我国重要的水禽之一，为国家二类保护动物。有条件的地方可进行人工养殖。     

鸿雁悲鸣

大雁是人们熟知的鸟类,全世界共有9种,我国有7种,常见的有鸿雁、豆雁、斑头雁和灰雁等,这些雁在民间被统称为“大雁”。 大雁属于候鸟。每当柳丝轻拂着解冻的春水、桃李绽放着红红的花朵时,一队队的大雁,乘着白云,衬着蓝     

大雁的生物学特性及不同时期饲养管理措施

大雁又称野鹅，是鸭科雁属中的鸿雁，灰雁、豆雁、雪雁的总称，属大型候鸟，是我国重要的水禽之一。近年来野生大雁日趋减少，人工驯化不仅经济效益显著，还可起到有效保护作用。     

大雁卵巢及卵泡的发育情况观察

大雁属雁形目,鸭科,雁属.大雁是鸿雁、灰雁、豆雁、黑雁等的总称,为大型候鸟,国家二级保护动物,是我国重要的狩猎水禽之一.为了研究大雁的繁殖性能,对大雁卵巢及卵泡的发育情况进行了初步的观察与分析研究,以期为综合利用开发大雁提供科学依据.……     

大雁人工养殖

大雁又称野鹅,是鸭科雁属中的黑雁、鸿雁、灰雁、豆雁、斑头雁等的总称.大雁为候鸟,是我国重要的水禽之一,为国家二类保护动物.有条件的地方可进行人工养殖,无条件的地方则不强求,应因地因时因需制宜.     

大雁的驯化与管理

大雁,又名野鹅。是鸭科雁属,草食水禽动物。我国已发现有黑雁、鸿雁、灰雁、豆雁及斑头雁等。大雁属国家二级保护动物,集肉、蛋、绒、药于一身。 一、用途 (一)肉用 雁肉,经测试蛋白质含量达20.98％,比鸡肉(20.6％)、牛肉(18.7％)、猪肉 (14.8％)均高,是高蛋     

特禽养殖新宠──大雁

大雁又称野鹅，是鸭科、雁属中的鸿雁、灰雁和豆雁等的总称。大雁体躯肥大，每只重４～５公斤，大的可超过１０公斤。其羽毛丰满，善于高飞，胸部、腿部肌肉发达，肉质厚实。每百克大雁肉中含蛋白质２０．９８克、脂肪１１．６２克、磷１９６５毫克、钙４８．０８毫克、...     

特禽--大雁

大雁是大型候鸟,又称野鹅,是鸭科,雁属中鸿雁、灰雁和豆雁的总称. 大雁躯体肥大,每只重4-5千克,大的可超过10千克.它的羽毛丰富,善于高飞,胸部、腿部肌肉发达,每百克大雁肉中含蛋白质20.98克,脂肪11.62克,磷196.5毫克,钙48.04毫克,铁8.71毫克,无机盐1.17克,是高蛋白低脂肪肉类.它是我国刚刚开始驯养的特禽,沿海各省市具有较大的消费市场.     

家鹅细胞色素b基因系统发育研究

本研究测定了中国家鹅15个品种、欧洲鹅2个品种共44个个体的细胞色素b基因全序列(1143 bp),与Genbank库中白额雁细胞色素b基因序列合并进行比对分析,结果表明各序列同义替换速率(dS)和非同义替换速率(dN)分别为0.0787和0.0011,dS与dN值间的差异极显著(Z=4.713,P＜0.01),dS＜0.5,可使用dS值来构建分子系统发育关系树,构建的最大简约树与邻接树拓扑结构一致,支持中国家鹅的双起源学说,即除伊犁鹅外的其它中国鹅品种起源于鸿雁,伊犁鹅和欧洲的郎德鹅、莱茵鹅起源于灰雁.     

大雁肌肉营养成分的分析

科学地分析和评价大雁肌肉的营养成分,以期为其深加工及综合利用提供科学的参考依据。对13只体重相近、健康状况良好的大雁胸肌肉中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、氨基酸组成及含量、矿物质及微量元素等营养成分进行测定。结果表明:大雁胸肌鲜样中,水分68.94%、粗蛋白24.10%、粗灰分1.37%、粗脂肪3.44%、能值为7 431.92 J/g。每100 g肌肉样品中含有铜0.98 mg、铁7.39 mg、钾0.38 mg、钙42.00 mg、锌2.71 mg、磷244.40mg。鲜样中17种氨基酸总量为175.20 mg/g,7种人体必需氨基酸总量64.80 mg/g,4种鲜味氨基酸总量61.04 mg/g。研究表明,大雁肌肉具有较高的营养价值和保健作用,其开发利用前景较好。     

Comparative antibacterial activity of avian egg white protein extracts

1. Egg white proteins from the eggs of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and goose (Anser anser) were analysed in order to compare the antimicrobial activity of these products. 2. Albumen from each species was sampled and analysed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Antimicrobial activity and lysozyme activity were measured. 3. Ovotransferrin and ovalbumin were identified in all species while c-type lysozyme was present in chicken, turkey and duck egg white samples, but not in goose. 4. Galliformes appear to possess albumens with greater antimicrobial activity than those of the Anseriformes. This can be attributed to higher concentrations of ovotransferrin and the broad acting c-type lysozyme.     

Hunter opinions on the management of migratory geese: a case of stakeholder involvement in adaptive harvest management

Knowledge of hunter attitudes toward goose management is essential for the involvement of hunters in adaptive harvest management. Our study provides insight into processes of stakeholder involvement in adaptive harvest management, as demonstrated by the case of implementing the International Species Management Plan for the Svalbard-breeding pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus). We conducted an online survey among goose hunters in Norway in the main autumn staging area of this species, Nord-Trøndelag, which is also the area in which most geese are harvested nationally. Our results demonstrated that a majority of these hunters see themselves as active participants in management. These hunters expressed a willingness to support management objectives through the delivery of daily harvest reports and by complying with regulations, as defined by national wildlife authorities and the international management plan.     

鹅蛋与鸭蛋生物学特性的比较

作者旨在研究地方品种鹅蛋与鸭蛋的生物学特性差异。同期采集固始白鹅种蛋56枚,淮南麻鸭种蛋64枚,对外部特征和内部品质进行对比。结果表明二者之间存在较大差异,鹅蛋与鸭蛋各指标分别为：蛋重（159.1 g,62.17 g）、蛋比重（1.119,1.094）、蛋壳厚度（0.514 mm,0.311 mm）、哈氏单位（107.77,86.14）、蛋黄比例（38.12%,30.28%）、蛋壳比例（12.32%,11.19%）,以上指标鹅蛋均高于鸭蛋。鸭蛋蛋黄色泽优于鹅蛋,罗氏比色鸭蛋、鹅蛋分别为11.33和4.52。鸭蛋的血肉斑率达到12.5%,明显高于鹅蛋的3.57%,需要通过育种手段来降低。     

Technical note: detection of chicken, turkey, duck, and goose tissues in feedstuffs using species-specific polymerase chain reaction

PCR method was applied for the qualitative identification of chicken (Gallus gallus), turkey (Meleagris gallipavo), duck (Anas platyrhynchos x Cairina muschata), and goose (Anser anser) tissues in feed-stuffs, on an individual basis. The assay uses oligonucleotide primers that are specific for each avian species, targeting the 12S rRNA mitochondrial gene. The primers designed generated amplicons of 95, 122, 64, and 98 bp length for chicken, turkey, duck, and goose, respectively. The specificity of the primers was tested against 29 animal species including mammals, birds, and fish, as well as 8 plant species. Analysis of experimental feedstuffs demonstrated the detection of each target species in the range of 0.1 to 100%. The performance of this method was not affected by prolonged heat-treatment (up to 133 degrees C for 20 min at 300 kPa), and consequently, it could be very useful for the accurate identification of tissues from these 4 avian species in products submitted to denaturing technologies, for which other methods cannot be applied.     

Antimicrobial activity of cuticle and outer eggshell protein extracts from three species of domestic birds

1. The eggshell cuticle is the proteinaceous outermost layer of the eggshell which regulates water exchange and protects against entry of micro-organisms. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that the cuticle may also reduce microbial contamination by providing a chemical defence. 2. Outer eggshell and cuticle protein was extracted from domestic chicken (Gallus gallus), duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and goose (Anser anser) eggs by HCl and urea treatment, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was evaluated. 3. C-type lysozyme, ovotransferrin and ovocalyxin-32 were identified in all extracts by Western blotting. All extracts from all species demonstrated lysozyme enzymatic activity. Immobilised c-type lysozyme retained some enzymatic activity. Protein extracts demonstrated activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis suggesting the action of antimicrobial proteins in addition to lysozyme. 4. The results suggest that the antimicrobial outer eggshell and cuticle proteins present in a number of avian species may be a mechanism which enhances avian reproductive success.     

Annual migratory patterns of Far East Greylag Geese (Anser anser rubrirostris) revealed by GPS tracking

Twenty Far East Greylag Geese, Anser anser rubrirostris, were captured and fitted with Global Positioning System/Global System for Mobile Communications (GPS/GSM) loggers to identify breeding and wintering areas, migration routes and stopover sites. Telemetry data for the first time showed linkages between their Yangtze River wintering areas, stopover sites in northeastern China, and breeding/molting grounds in eastern Mongolia and northeast China. 10 of the 20 tagged individuals provided sufficient data. They stopped on migration at the Yellow River Estuary, Beidagang Reservoir and Xar Moron River, confirming these areas as being important stopover sites for this population. The median spring migration duration was 33.7 days (individuals started migrating between 25 February and 16 March and completed migrating from 1 to 9 April) compared to 52.7 days in autumn (26 September–13 October until 4 November–11 December). The median stopover duration was 31.1 and 51.3 days and the median speed of travel was 62.6 and 47.9 km/day for spring and autumn migration, respectively. The significant differences between spring and autumn migration on the migration duration, the stopover duration and the migration speed confirmed that tagged adult Greylag Geese traveled faster in spring than autumn, supporting the hypothesis that they should be more time‐limited during spring migration.     

日粮补充苹果渣或有机矿对鹅生产性能、蛋品质及繁殖性能的影响

本研究旨在评估日粮单独添加苹果渣或补充苹果渣和有机微量元素对鹅生产、繁殖性能及蛋品质的影响。试验将产蛋期的360只鹅随机分为3组,每组120只(30只/重复),对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组分别饲喂苹果渣日粮和苹果渣+有机微量元素日粮,试验持续14周。结果:苹果渣补充或不补充有机矿较对照组显著提高了孵化率和仔鹅存活率(P<0.05),苹果渣+有机矿组较其他两组显著提高了蛋长度、蛋壳尖端和钝端厚度(P<0.05),但显著降低了蛋型指数、蛋壳重量和蛋黄重量(P<0.05)。日粮添加苹果渣同时补充有机矿较对对照组显著提高了鹅蛋中甘油二酯、胆固醇、胆固醇酯的含量(P<0.05),但苹果渣补充或不补充有机矿磷脂含量较对照组显著降低了13.17%和20.08%(P<0.05)。与苹果渣组相比,日粮添加苹果渣补充有机矿非酯化脂肪酸含量显著提高了31.76%(P<0.05)。结论:日粮添加苹果渣同时补充有机铜和锌可显著改善鹅的繁殖性能、蛋品质及蛋中脂肪组分。     

不同位点碱基替代对标定鸭科分子钟的影响

试验使用GenBank中已知的鸟类细胞色素b(Cyt b)基因部分序列(1044 bp)(共13条序列,其中鸡形目4条、鸭科鸟类9条)作为本研究的数据集,并以鸡形目与雁形目(鸡/绿头鸭)的分歧时间(89.8 MYA)为锚定点,用核苷酸不同替代模型对鸭科的分子钟进行标定。雉科与鸭科间的分歧时间的估计值为116.3785 MYA("1+2TiTv"),雁属与5个鸭属间的分歧时间为63.8823 MYA("1+2TiTv"), 鸡与鹌鹑的分歧时间为37.6708 MYA("1+2TiTv"),灰雁、白额雁与鸿雁间的分歧时间的估计值为1.879331 MYA("1+2TiTv")。以上结果说明:用"1+2TiTv"模型分析得到的鸭科鸟类的分歧时间比较可靠;雉科与鸭科、雁属与鸭属两个接近基部类群的分歧时间发生在白垩纪(137-65 MYA),支持鸟类早期历史发生在白垩纪的观点。