以绿色农产品产业化为主线 走生态农业产业化道路的几点思考

结合当前农业和农村现状，论述生态农业产业化对建设社会主义新农村的重要意义，分析当前农业产业化进程中存在的主要问题，从绿色农产品产业化入手，对“以绿色农产品产业化为主线走生态农业产业化道路是适合我国国情的可持续农业发展道路”的策略和方法提出了几点思考。     

以绿色农产品产业化为主线 走生态农业产业化道路的几点思考

结合当前农业和农村现状,论述生态农业产业化对建设社会主义新农村的重要意义,分析当前农业产业化进程中存在的主要问题,从绿色农产品产业化入手,对“以绿色农产品产业化为主线走生态农业产业化道路是适合我国国情的可持续农业发展道路”的策略和方法提出了几点思考。     

北京农业产业化经营现状及特点分析

农业产业化是中国农业发展的基本方向和市场农业的基本经营方式。北京农业发展对全国具有垂范作用,研究北京农业产业化发展现状与特点,意义重大。分析表明,目前北京农业产业化发展取得了显著的成绩,各种类型的产业化组织蓬勃发展,经营效益显著提高,龙头企业实力不断增强,农民合作组织覆盖面进一步拓宽。今后,要继续强化北京农业产业化发展水平,为都市型现代农业的发展和新农村建设提供产业基础。     

山西枣果生产现状及产业化发展对策

枣是中国在国际市场上最具竞争力的果品之一,而山西是中国红枣主要产地之一。笔者研究分析了山西省枣果生产现状和发展优势,针对山西省枣果生产盲目发展、管理水平低下、贮藏加工环节落后、政府扶持管理不够和产销服务体系不健全等问题,提出了加强政府领导和组织管理、优化生产布局、强化基地和示范园建设、扶持龙头企业和组织产业化开发、加大科学技术投入力度和健全配套的产销服务网络等对策,以加速枣果产业化进程,提高整体经济效益。     

北京新农村建设与城乡一体化发展研究

中共中央国务院关于推进社会主义新农村建设的若干意见》指出:解决“三农”问题的根本途径,就是要按照统筹城乡发展的要求,一方面进一步加速工业化、城镇化和市场化进程;另一方面则是要在非农化、工业化和城镇化加速发展的基础上大力开展新农村建设。通过对北京市都市农业发展城乡一体化研究,结合北京都市农业发展实践和存在的问题,提出了北京都市农业六大优势产业: 设施农业、籽种农业、加工农业、创汇农业、观光农业和农业科技产品及服务产业。     

农业产业化联合体建设及人才培养探讨

农业产业化联合体是一种新型农业生产经营组织联盟,它对推动农业产业化发展、带动农民脱贫致富、促进三产融合发展起到极其重要作用。本文论述我国农业产业化合体建设及其人才培养现状,分析农业产业化合体建设及其人才培养面临的主要困难与问题,提出支持农业产业化合体建设及其人才培养的对策建议。     

Research on the Model of Urbanization Based on Rural Industrialization

After the 18th CPC National Congress,urbanization regained its importance.As villages become heterogeneously urbanized,rural industrialization is reiterated for town urbanization.Yet all the historically famous models for Zhujiang,Sunan and Wenzhou in the progress of rural industrialization encountered dilemmas.Is the modernization theory sound in dictating that latecomers cannot achieve urbanization through rural industrialization?The author discusses the origination of the industrialization and urbanization of Hebei villages which is considered to represent the vision of British industrial revolution.There are two implications:(1)Town urbanization requires rural industrialization as its base,which must not rely completely on external industries and being urbanized top-down,but rather on the development of internal economic and social forces;(2)Urbanization cannot evolve spontaneously on the basis of rural industrialization.Instead,it is the result of conscious common planning and construction pushed by multiple forces.Therefore,the government should,in accordance with the law of development,provide guidance that mitigates various issues in the process of development.     

Exploration of Implementation Strategieson Housing Building Technology

Due to the sharp contradiction between rapidly developing housing construction in small-size town and quite low technological level, in this paper, the significance of setting up integrally technological system is emphasized and the suggestion that the technology should be integrated with the sustainable development, regional context and industrialization is put forward.     

预应力装配混凝土复合墙板抗震性能试验研究

结合砌体结构的发展现状和住宅产业化的发展趋势,提出一种“预应力装配混凝土复合墙板”,以期望在中小城镇低层建筑民用房屋中发展一种新的结构形式来对砌体结构进行补充。为了考察该复合墙板的抗震性能,对2块不同预应力度的试件进行了拟静力试验。得到了相应试件的抗震性能指标,显示该墙板具有较好的承载能力和变形性能,分析认为所提出的墙板可以达到8度区低层民用房屋的应用要求,可以作为砌体承重墙的一种替代形式,并且对该墙板相关构造提出了改进建议。     

可持续发展理念在城郊生态农庄规划设计中的应用

从可持续发展的角度出发,分析了当前城郊生态农庄规划设计中存在的问题,指出在生态农庄的规划设计中,要坚持以人为本、实行有机农业生产、注重生态崇尚自然、保护生物多样性为指导原则,在景观营造中,要采用可再生的景观消耗能源、低碳生态的景观建筑材料,通过景观引导人行为的生态性设计,以实现城郊生态农庄的可持续发展。     

蜂产品加工产业的发展对策探讨

蜂产品加工业在推进农业产业化和促进农村经济持续健康发展水平方面,有着非常重要的作用。现阶段蜂产品加工企业存在企业规模小、对源头产品控制能力差、产品雷同、销售渠道窄和品牌建设不足等问题。作者认为,我国蜂产品加工业应遵循紧抓原料、创新产品、把握市场、建设品牌、资本运营的发展原则,实现产业的跨越式发展。     

Urgency and Countermeasures for Technical Advancement in State-owned Construction Corporations

Along with development and standardization of market, and opening the building market to the outside world, the competition will more depend on the technique and strength of enterprises. The state-owned construction corporations must have correct understanding of technical advancement and pay greater attention to it. An appropriate approach for technical advancement should be chosen. On the other hand, the government should take measures, compulsive or hortative, on technical improvement of construction industry.     

中国休闲农业产业化发展研究

为了拓宽休闲农业的发展空间。通过建立新型休闲农业产业化组织、现代企业制度、打造休闲农业品牌等方面来实现休闲农业产业化。产业化发展方式可有效提升休闲农业竞争力、提高经济效益。产业化发展要解决农民组织化问题,保障农民的根本利益并实现生产经营一体化。     

Application of Containers to Low-Income Housing in Context of New Urbanization

This paper explores how to use container buildings to resolve the housing problem of migrant workers in the context of urbanization, and ascertains the characteristics of the container housing and public space through the analysis of excellent examples of the container recycling project at home and abroad. In terms of the material, economic benefits, environmental protection and industrialization, those characteristics are summarized as follows.(1) Being sturdy, corrosion-resisting, waterproof and insulated, building materials are able to resist bad weather.(2) Their economic results lie in the short constructive cycle so that the cost of reinforced concrete per unit area reduces 20% on year-on-year basis.(3) Their environmental protection rests with the recyclability of materials, less construction waste and less noise in the construction process.(4) Their industrialization is embedded in their modular design and standardized specifications as well as the flexibility and replaceability.     

老秃顶子林木良种基地建设综合技术探讨

林木种苗是林业建设的基础工作,林业要发展,种苗是关键。林木良种基地建设,林木种苗,品质的高低和良种壮苗的使用率是衡量林木良种基地建设的一项重要指标。本文以老秃顶林木良种基地为例,从林木良种基地建设营建技术、园址选择与造林、基地管理等方面进行了探讨,提出了在基地建设过程中应该注意的问题。     

Identification and crop performance of acid sulfate soil-tolerant rice varieties

The present study aims to: 1) identify acid sulfate soil (ASS)-tolerant rice varieties from the genetic stock of Korean rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under ASS conditions; 2) to evaluate their yield performance, and elucidate the physiological mechanism for ASS tolerance with the identified tolerant varieties. Two hundred sixty-six rice varieties were screened for ASS tolerance, and we identified two japonica-indica hybrid varieties, Geumgang (GG) and Pungsan (PS), as having high tolerance under ASS paddy conditions (pH 3). We first conducted a yield trial of GG and PS grown in Wagner pots to determine their potential yields under ASS conditions. A yield trial under paddy field condition followed. In the pot experiment, the ASS-tolerant varieties, GG and PS, showed significantly higher yields than PT-1, which is a local reference variety in mildly improved soil pH conditions (pH 4.1–4.6). Al and Fe content in GG and PS were significantly lower than that of PT-1, so there might be some mechanism that inhibits the absorption of toxic metal ions in the tolerant varieties. In the paddy conditions, the grain yields more than 5 t ha⁻¹ of the two tolerant varieties under mildly improved soil pH condition were significantly higher than PT-1. Dry matter weights of above ground parts also showed the same trend as grain yield. The study demonstrated that the ASS-tolerant japonica-indica rice varieties with high yielding potential could contribute to the improvement of rice yield in ASS regions, and will be good materials for the development of acid soil-tolerant rice varieties.     

木薯生物燃料产业化研究述评

本文运用文献分析的方法,综述了学术界关于木薯生物燃料产业化发展的研究现状、国家政策扶持及课题研究成果。研究发现,当前学术界主要从木薯的起源和利用、木薯生物燃料产业发展现状、木薯生物燃料产业化效益、模式等方面研究,尤其在产业化发展现状方面的研究很深入,为学术界关于木薯生物燃料产业化发展的研究奠定了理论基础。然而,在产业的核算体系、利益相关者、加工企业的经济效益评价等方面的研究较少。因此,相关学术界在日后的研究和探索中应不断丰富和完善这方面的研究,为木薯产业发展提供较好的实践经验和政策建议,从而推动木薯生物燃料的发展。     

农业高校科技成果产业化模式与发展对策初探

总结了中国农业高校科技成果－高新技术产业化发展过程中初步形成的七种运行模式,并分析各种模式的特点和适用范围;通过研究、评价农业高校科技成果产业化发展中面临的主要问题,提出了高校科技管理、科技组织创新、科技中介市场建设、科技风险投资、国际科技合作等方面的对策措施。     

中国"以工补农"政策的地区适用性初探

当前中国经济发展总体上已经进入了工业化中期阶段,具备了工业反哺农业的条件和能力。但并不意味着全国各个地区都进入了工业化中期阶段,统一的"以工补农"模式和政策在全国各个地区也不一定都适用。运用钱纳里和赛尔昆等设计的标准模型,分析了2005年中国不同地区的经济发展水平。结果表明:仍有皖、豫、湘、桂、琼、黔、滇、藏、甘九省区与全国进入工业化中期阶段的总体判断不符;而京、津、沪、苏、浙五省市则明显超越全国平均水平,已基本进入大规模反哺期。需要针对区域的工业化进程分类研究其工农关系和"以工补农"政策措施。因此,判断中国区域工业化进程发展阶段,研究"以工补农"政策的地区适用性和对策,将为中国"以工补农"政策的科学制定提供有益的参考。     

Building Damage in Mianyang City Caused by the May 12, 2008 Earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, P. R. China

Summarizing building damage in all previous large earthquakes is an important approach to promote the development of structural seismic design. We conducted a statistical analysis of the earthquake damage to various buildings in Mianyang city, Sichuan province, P. R. China. This analysis was based on the emergency assessment and investigation of building damage in Mianyang city caused by the large earthquake that occurred on May 12, 2008 in Wenchuan. We also summarize the damage characteristics of different buildings and the lessons learned. We present the following findings and suggestions for structural seismic design:(1)Buildings in Mianyang designed according to current seismic code withstood the rare earthquake.(2)Different structural systems have obviously varied seismic behaviors. (3)Old buildings always have been the weak links in earthquakes, and should be evaluated and strengthened selectively after an earthquake.(4)Studies of anti cracking measures for masonry walls should be conducted. (5)Effective measures should be taken to reduce earthquake damage to non structural components, for example, infill walls in frames.(6)Seismic design methods and construction measures for stairs should be studied.