不同品系卤虫卵孵化质量的比较

对新疆艾比湖、青海格尔木、青海尕海、河北乐亭、河北沧州、河北南堡六个品系卤虫卵的孵化质量做了一些初步研究。南堡、艾比湖、沧州、乐亭、格尔木、尕海卤虫卵的孵化率分别为82．7％，80．2％，75．3％，66．O％，62．2％，10.1％；孵化的同步性分别为4．8，11．2，17．0，11．2，11．5，23．2h。孵化质量最好的是河北南堡的卤虫卵。     

中国卤虫卵孵化特性的研究

本文对山东埕口盐场、海南岛莺歌海盐场及青海柯柯盐湖天然采集的卤虫卵进行了孵化特性研究。埕口、莺歌海及柯柯的虫卵壳厚分别为9.7,11.4及13.2μm。在放入海水中进行孵化前上述三品系的卤虫卵分别在自来水中浸泡2,3及4小时能获得最佳孵化率。它们的最适孵化温度分别为25.6～28.5℃,27.0～30.0℃及27.0～33.0℃。最适孵化盐度分别为30,20及35％。孵化的同步性以“莺歌海”为最好,为6.4小时,“埕口”次之,为6.5小时,“柯柯”为7.4小时。 实验室内培养产卵后24小时内收集的虫卵用下列方法处理能终止虫卵的滞育状态:(1)埕口卤虫卵:浸泡于粗盐饱和溶液中2～3个月,孵化率可达91～94％。(2)莺歌海卤虫卵:浸泡于粗盐饱和溶液中2～5个月,孵化率可达80～91％。(3)柯柯卤虫卵:置于5℃2～3个月孵化率可达96～98％。用3％H_2O_2及3％甲醛溶液处理对终止滞育状态没有作用。天然采集的三个品系的卤虫卵用3％H_2O_2或3％甲醛溶液或用去壳溶液处理均可以提高孵化率。     

中国不同地理品系卤虫卵主要营养成分的数值分类

以主成份分析和聚类分析的方法,对中国２５个不同地理品系卤虫卵的营养成分（脂类、氨基酸、蛋白质、维生素）进行了分析和研究。实验结果显示：（１）通过对不同地理品系卤虫卵的４３个营养因子的主成分分析和聚类分析可把２５个不同地理品系卤虫卵分为二个大的类群：海水型和淡水型卤虫卵。（２）Ｃ２０：５ｎ－３、Ｃ１８：３ｎ－３、蛋白质含量、Ｃ１６：１、四种营养成分的含量是区别不同地理品系卤虫卵的主要营养特征。（３）生殖方式不影响各品系的营养成分的组成,而地理品系间营养成分存在差别。（４）淡水型卤早虫卵适合于投喂淡水养殖动物,而海水型卤虫卵适合于海水型养殖动物。     

两种品系卤虫卵孵化特性研究

报道了青海尕海湖和西藏盐湖中生产的两种品系卤虫卵的孵化率情况,阐述了提高其孵化率的几种物理和化学处理方法,为进一步研究卤虫孵化特性提供了有关的参考数据。     

几种理化因子对梅氏新本尼登虫(Neobenedenia melleni)卵发育的影响

水温在18~29℃之间梅氏新本尼登虫(Neobenedenia m elleni)虫卵的发育和孵化速度随温度的升高而加快,<18℃、>33℃发育停滞;盐度<13.7‰虫卵不发育,<22.9‰或>44.3‰卵发育停滞在眼点期,盐度居22.9‰~44.3‰之间,其改变对虫卵发育没有显著影响;酸碱度变化对虫卵发育没有明显的影响,pH为5.5或9.5时,卵均可正常发育并孵化,但孵化出的纤毛幼虫在pH<6.0或>9.0时,存活时间和活力明显降低。     

影响卤虫培育的环境因子

总结了近年来对我国不同地理品系卤虫的研究成果,介绍了几个重要环境因子如温度、盐度及盐类组成、光照强度以及光照周期、pH、培养密度等对卤虫卵孵化及生长的影响.     

卤虫养殖条件初探

正本文通过测定不同品系——乌兹别克斯坦盐湖、哈萨克斯坦盐湖、俄罗斯盐湖以及渤海湾盐田卤虫卵的孵化率、孵化量,筛选出最优种卤虫——渤海湾盐田孤雌生殖卤虫品系后进行后续实验,研究了饵料对卤虫生长速率影响,环境因素对卤虫室外生产影响等,为室内高密度养殖及户外大规模养殖卤虫提供参考依据。     

渤海湾卤虫良种品系的培育与开发技术研究

<正>卤虫无节幼体是水产育苗中不可缺少的鲜活饵料。在生产中,多利用卤虫卵进行孵化后获得,使用方便,利于储存和运输,具有很高的利用价值和经济价值。不同的地域卤虫卵及无节幼体的生物学特性和营养成分差异很大。据报道全世界的卤虫产地有300多处,     

一种卤虫无节幼体的分离方法

<正>卤虫无节幼体是水产育苗不可或缺的活体适口饵料。卤虫卵在合适的温度、盐度、光照和通气条件下可孵化出无节幼体,经停气沉降后,卤虫无节幼体和未孵化的卤虫卵混合在孵化设备底部不能分离,投喂水产幼苗时,未孵出的卤虫卵也会被摄入体内,不能     

温度、盐度对西藏卤虫卵孵化率的影响

西藏卤虫(Antemia tibetiana)是一种重要的水产资源,其无节幼体是鱼虾幼苗的优质饵料。影响卤虫卵孵化的因素有多种,最重要的是温度和盐度。本文探讨了不同的温度和盐度对西藏卤虫卵孵化率的影响,也进行了光照对孵化率影响的对比试验。结果表明在温度28℃、盐度15时孵化率最高,无光照时会显著降低卤虫卵的孵化率。     

Effects of storage and incubation temperature on the viability of eggs, embryos and larvae in two strains of an African catfish, Heterobranchus longifilis (Siluriformes, Clariidae)

Two experiments, dealing with short‐term storage of ova and thermal conditions to optimize gamete and eggs management in hatcheries of the African catfish, Heterobranchus longifilis, were carried out. In the first experiment, ova collected by stripping from two strains of H. longifilis were stored for intervals up to 8 h at two temperature regimes: in a domestic refrigerator (3–5°C) and at ambient room temperature (20.5–22°C). In the second experiment, eggs were incubated from fertilization to hatching at different experimental temperatures (21, 25, 29, 32 and 35°C) to determine the effects of temperature on the kinetics of white egg appearance, hatching times and hatching quality. Gamete storage at warmer temperatures significantly prolonged viability irrespective of the strain used. In fact, the hatching rate for ova stored at 20.5–22 and 3–5°C for 5 h ranged between 75.2–79.3% and 6.5–9.4% respectively. Loss of viability was most noticeable after 6 h storage at ambient room temperature. Post‐storage viability significantly declined after 2 h exposure to the domestic refrigerator temperature. No hatching of normal larvae took place after 8 h post‐storage time. Results from the second experiment showed that time to maximum whitening of eggs was both strain‐ and temperature‐dependent. The time to maximum mortality of eggs was shorter in the Layo strain (LS) than in the Noun strain (NS), regardless of incubation temperature. The appearance of white eggs was shorter with increasing incubation temperatures. Hatching times decreased with increasing temperature, regardless of strain. Hatching took place from 21 to 27 h and 19 to 24 h after fertilization at temperature of 29°C, respectively, for NS and LS. The length of the hatching period was remarkably shorter for LS than NS at any tested incubation temperature, except 35°C. No hatching took place at 21°C. The highest proportion of normal larvae occurred at 25 and 29°C, respectively, for NS and LS. Hatching rate was highest at 25 and 29°C, respectively, for NS and LS. There was a significantly higher proportion of deformed larvae at 35°C regardless of the strain.     

我国内陆盐湖卤虫卵孵化特性的初步研究

本文报告了我国新疆、青海和内蒙古等地四个盐湖中生产的卤虫卵的孵化特性和提高其孵化率的几种化学处理方法。为进一步开发利用我国内陆盐湖的卤虫资源提供了有用的参考数据。     

温度对四川华鳊胚胎发育的影响

为探索温度对四川华鳊胚胎发育的影响,笔者观察16、19、22、25、28、31℃6个温度条件下四川华鳊的胚胎发育过程,描述总结(25±0.5)℃下胚胎发育各个阶段的形态特征。研究结果显示,四川华鳊胚胎发育过程可划分为受精卵、胚盘形成、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官分化和出膜等8个连续发育阶段;在(25±0.5)℃下孵化总历时44.83 h;在温度为16℃时,胚胎发育至原肠胚晚期全部死亡;19℃时孵化率为30.00%,其中畸形致死占87.19%,显著高于其余4个温度组(P<0.05);温度由19℃升至31℃时,胚胎发育所需时间变短,各温度间差异显著(P<0.05),其中器官分化阶段均用时最长,占整个胚胎孵化历时的72.53%~77.07%;胚胎畸形率随着温度升高而上升,31℃的胚胎畸形率约为28℃的2倍;在22~28℃时,胚胎的受精率和孵化率、成活率最高,畸形率最低。研究结果表明,水温在(19±1)℃,卵径(y)与胚胎孵化时间(x)的关系为y=49.56-44.36x+47.92x^2(r^2=0.996);水温22~28℃为适宜孵化温度,最佳水温约为25℃;胚胎发育的生物学零度为12.69℃,有效积温为522.35~595.11℃·h。     

温度、盐度对似刺鳊鮈胚胎发育过程的影响

设置10℃、15℃、20℃、24℃、27℃、30℃6个温度组和0‰、2.5‰、5‰、10‰、15‰、太湖湖水组6个盐度组,探讨了温度和盐度对似刺鳊鮈(Paracanthobrama guichenoti)胚胎发育的影响。温度实验结果表明:似刺鳊鮈胚胎发育的起始温度(生物学零度)为9.5℃,适宜的发育水温为20～24℃。水温10℃时胚胎卵裂异常,未能进入原肠期;水温升至30℃时胚胎在发育至原肠期前后死亡。水温度为24℃时孵化时间仅为73.5 h,孵化率高达80%,畸形率为0,为最适孵化水温;水温对胚胎发育速率的影响后期较前期大。盐度实验表明:似刺鳊鮈胚胎对盐度有一定的耐受力,各盐度梯度下的胚胎发育速率差异不大,但孵化率的差异极显著。在水温18℃、盐度为2.5‰的水体中胚胎的孵化率为81.67%,高于太湖湖水组的孵化率,此盐度应为似刺鳊鮈胚胎发育较适盐度。     

Thermal tolerance of a rainbow trout <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis> strain selected by high-temperature breeding

ABSTRACT:   Thermal tolerance was studied in a rainbow trout strain successively selected through high temperature breeding at 20–27°C since 1966 in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. The hatching rate and fry mortality at high temperatures were examined in the selected strain along with normal strains cultured at water temperature of 9–17°C. The hatching rate of embryos fertilized at either 10 or 14°C and subsequently subjected to high temperatures in the blastula or neurula stage of the selected strain, was marginally higher than that of the normal strain counterparts. The upper 50% lethal temperatures (LT₅₀) for embryos in the early segmentation, blastula and neurula stages of the selected strain were also higher than those of the normal strain counterparts. Death temperatures and LT₅₀ of fries acclimated to 20°C of the selected strain were significantly higher than those of the normal strains. However, no difference in the critical thermal maximum was detected between the different strains. These results suggest that the selected strain of rainbow trout established by selecting successively for many generations at high temperatures acquired a degree of thermal tolerance.     

几个因子对内蒙古自治区卤虫卵孵化率的影响

采用常温、冷冻和盐水浸泡的方法.用3％双氧水、3％甲醛和3％高锰酸钾处理卤虫卵,研究诸因子对卤虫卵孵化率的影响。试验结果表明:产于内蒙古自治区的卤虫卵最佳孵化盐度为35;用3％双氧水和3％甲醛处理卤虫卵均能提高其孵化率;用粗盐饱和溶液处理是保存卤虫卵的好办法。     

3种重金属离子对不同产地卤虫卵孵化率的影响

实验室条件下,在经过沉淀以及过滤的自然海水中分别加入不同浓度的Hg^2＋、Pb^2＋、Cd^2＋离子,分别对国产和进口2个产地的卤虫卵进行了孵化试验.结果表明：与对照组相比,3种重金属离子都降低了2个产地卤虫卵的孵化率,且浓度越高降低的百分率越大,3种重金属离子降低孵化率大小顺序为：Hg^2＋＞Cd^2＋＞Pb^2＋;3种离子对2个产地的卤虫卵产生了不同的影响：进口卤虫大于对国产卤虫卵的降低率.     

温度和盐度对日本黄姑鱼胚胎发育的影响

为了确定日本黄姑鱼（Nibea japonica）胚胎孵化的最适水温和盐度,采用不同水温和盐度对日本黄姑鱼受精卵进行了孵化试验。结果显示,在盐度为30的条件下,日本黄姑鱼受精卵在14～28℃范围内均能正常孵化,最适孵化水温为18～20℃。孵化时数与温度呈幂函数相关,孵化时间随温度升高而缩短。盐度试验表明,在水温为18℃的条件下,日本黄姑鱼受精卵在盐度25—32的海水中呈悬浮或者半悬浮状态,在盐度14～45范围内均能孵化,适宜孵化盐度为26～32。盐度对初孵仔鱼全长有显著影响,盐度较低组仔鱼全长显著大于高盐度组（P〈0．05）。     

Strain-specific vital rates in four Acartia tonsa cultures, I: Strain origin, genetic differentiation and egg survivorship

Successful development of planktonic copepods for use as live feed in marine aquaculture relies on optimization of environmental conditions for population growth and egg storage. This study examined strain-specific differences in egg survivorship during cold-storage-induced quiescence in four cultures of the widespread marine calanoid Acartia tonsa Dana, 1849. Experimental cultures were obtained from Øresund, Denmark (DIFRES), Kiel, Germany (KIEL), Turkey Point, Florida, USA (FL), and Mobile Bay, Alabama, USA (AL), and were shown to derive from three highly distinct mitochondrial clades. Eggs from Gulf of Mexico strains had low tolerance for cold storage, and showed very low hatching success after 10 days. In contrast, Baltic Sea strains produced eggs able to tolerate up to 150 days of cold storage, with the DIFRES strain showing the highest egg survivorship during the experiment. Eggs from the Kiel strain showed an increase in hatching over time, indicating the presence of dormant eggs. Parental rearing temperature was also found to affect egg survivorship during quiescence in the DIFRES strain, with lower hatching success observed among eggs produced at 25 °C than at 17 °C. The DIFRES strain is recommended as the optimal strain for use in aquaculture, and conditions for cold storage of eggs are discussed.     

温度对玫瑰无须鲃胚胎发育的影响

为了探索温度对玫瑰无须鲃(Puntius conchonius)胚胎发育的影响,将玫瑰无须鲃的受精卵置于不同温度培养容器中进行孵化观察。结果显示,在温度为18～32℃的环境条件下,玫瑰无须鲃的胚胎均能孵化,最适孵化温度范围为24～28℃。如果温度高于32℃或低于18℃时,玫瑰无须鲃的胚胎不能孵出仔鱼。在温度为34℃时,胚胎发育到原肠胚晚期全部死亡,温度为16℃时,胚胎发育停止于神经胚期,孵化时间随温度的升高而缩短,呈幂函数相关。玫瑰无须鲃胚胎发育的生物学零度为12.35℃,有效积温为419.40℃.h。