不同营养水平代乳料对奶公犊生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

选用40头健康、体质量及出生日期相近的荷斯坦奶公犊,按体质量随机分为4组(每组10头),进行为期120d的生长育肥试验。不同处理组代乳料的营养水平为:Ⅰ组(22.00%CP,16.00 MJ/kg DE),Ⅱ组(20.00%CP,16.00 MJ/kg DE),Ⅲ组(22.00%CP,15.00 MJ/kg DE),Ⅳ组(20.00%CP,15.00 MJ/kg DE)。结果表明,Ⅰ组犊牛的日增重显著高于其他3组,比Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组分别提高了11.63%(P0.01),6.67%(P0.01)和5.49%(P0.01)。代乳料的蛋白水平对犊牛试验末体质量和日增重影响显著,蛋白质水平为22.00%的代乳料组试验牛的试验末体质量和日增重比20.00%代乳料组分别提高了3.29%(P0.05)和5.62%(P0.01)。代乳料的消化能(DE)水平显著影响犊牛的干物质采食量(DMI),随DE水平的提高而显著降低,与15 MJ/kg DE水平代乳料组相比,16 MJ/kg DE水平代乳料组犊牛的DMI降低了2.90%(P0.01);代乳料的蛋白水平对奶公犊60d和120d粗蛋白质和粗脂肪的消化率影响显著(P0.05),蛋白质水平为22.00%的代乳料组犊牛60d和120d粗蛋白质的消化率比20.00%代乳料组分别提高了3.49%(P0.05)和4.57%(P0.05),粗脂肪的消化率分别提高了6.67%(P0.05)和3.80%(P0.05);蛋白质水平为22.00%的代乳料组试验牛120d血清中BUN、TP和T3的含量比20.00%代乳料组分别提高了21.61%(P0.05),4.36%(P0.05)和5.79%(P0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,Ⅰ组犊牛的日增重、试验末体质量和营养物质消化率最高,建议0~4月龄奶公犊日粮适宜的DE为16.00 MJ/kg,CP为22.00%。     

小白牛肉规模化生产初探

将100头3日龄荷斯坦奶牛公犊随机分为两组,Ⅰ组全期用鲜奶饲喂,Ⅱ组以代乳粉和代乳料饲喂。通过6个月育肥试验,结果显示:在0～2个月体重显著(P<0.05)低于Ⅰ组,3～6个月体重与Ⅰ组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅱ组胴体重、屠宰率和净肉率显著(P<0.05)低于Ⅰ组,分别比Ⅰ组低9.3%,6.4%,8.4%;但Ⅱ组饲料成本比Ⅰ组减少994元/头,降低34%,毛利比Ⅰ组多664元/头,提高62%;两组肉质均能满足市场要求。试验表明:Ⅱ组以代乳粉和代乳料饲喂犊牛可保证生长增重和肉品质量,在小白牛肉的规模化生产中可作借鉴。     

发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响。选用23日龄黄羽肉公鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复25只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加3%、6%和9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕。试验期43 d。结果表明:①与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05);与试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重分别提高16.47%(P<0.05)、15.03%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低7.71%(P<0.05)和4.27%(P>0.05)。②各组肉鸡胸肌的pH₁、pH₂₄、肉色(L^*、a^*、b^*)、蒸煮损失和嫩度差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡胸肌的失水率与对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡血清中葡萄糖含量分别降低13.06%(P<0.05)、8.12%(P>0.05)和9.57%(P>0.05);总蛋白含量分别提高2.50%(P>0.05)、20.86%(P<0.05)和33.92%(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶含量分别降低7.99%(P>0.05)、18.85%(P>0.05)和26.98%(P<0.05)。综上所述,肉鸡日粮中添加3%~9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕是可行的,其中添加9%发酵菜籽粕效果最好。     

不同营养水平日粮对荷斯坦奶公牛育肥效果的影响

试验旨在研究不同营养水平日粮对荷斯坦奶公牛育肥效果的影响。选择4月龄左右、平均体重128 kg的健康中国荷斯坦奶公牛48头,随机分成2组,每组24头。Ⅰ组饲喂低营养水平日粮(低能量、低蛋白质),Ⅱ组饲喂高营养水平日粮(高能量、高蛋白质)。预试期7 d,正试期245 d。结果表明,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组平均日增重极显著提高6.36% (P<0.01),料重比降低6.55%。随着日粮营养水平的提高,奶公牛粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙、磷的表观消化率随之升高,但均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组血清中葡萄糖、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、生长激素含量分别显著提高12.52%、12.85%、9.68%、13.24%(P<0.05),而尿素氮含量显著降低10.98%(P<0.05)。与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组养殖效益多收入1.37元/(头·d),全期效益多收入335.65元/头。综上所述,提高日粮营养水平,可提高奶公牛的育肥性能和经济效益。     

发酵花生秧对番鸭生产性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标及鸭粪常规成分的影响

本研究旨在探究发酵花生秧的营养价值及其对番鸭生产性能、屠宰性能、生化指标及鸭粪污染指标的影响,探讨利用发酵花生秧进行番鸭节粮养殖的可行性。选取15日龄的公番鸭360只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂90%基础日粮+10%发酵花生秧,试验Ⅱ组饲喂85%基础日粮+15%发酵花生秧,试验Ⅲ组饲喂80%基础日粮+20%发酵花生秧,预饲期7 d,正式试验期48 d,测定并计算各组番鸭的生产性能、屠宰性能及各脏器指数,同时采集各组番鸭的血清、肌肉及新鲜粪样,测定血清生化指标及鸭粪常规成分的变化情况。结果表明,①与未发酵的花生秧相比,发酵后的花生秧粗蛋白质、钙水平分别上升31.82%（P<0.01）、97.40%（P<0.01）;粗纤维、磷及水分含量分别下降2.35%（P<0.05）、20.69%（P<0.05）、53.23%（P<0.01）,营养价值得到提升。②与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组料重比分别下降6.51%（P<0.01）、6.84%（P<0.01）;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的腿肌率分别上升20.50%（P<0.05）、25.55%（P<0.05）、9.27%（P>0.05）;肝脏指数分别上升9.90%（P>0.05）、12.23%（P<0.05）、3.18%（P>0.05）;肌胃指数分别上升17.70%（P<0.05）、30.82%（P<0.05）、36.66%（P<0.05）;腺胃指数分别上升1.37%（P>0.05）、32.99%（P<0.05）、36.43%（P<0.05）;③发酵花生秧可影响番鸭血清中TP、ALB、GLB、A/G、ALT、AST、AST/ALT、UREA、UA、CRE含量;与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组鸭粪中的总氮、磷、钾、水分含量均呈下降趋势。综上,10%、20%发酵花生秧饲料能显著提高番鸭的生产性能,明显降低增重成本,对番鸭的产肉性能无明显影响,但可能对其肝脏功能、肾脏功能、免疫功能有一定的影响。     

日粮添加不同水平甜菜粕对焉耆马营养物质消化代谢的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平甜菜粕对焉耆马营养物质消化代谢的影响。选取运动成绩、体重、年龄和体尺相近的焉耆马12匹,随机分为3组,每组4匹。对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组在饲喂相同的基础日粮和粗饲料(燕麦秸)的条件下分别补饲0、0.6和1.2 kg/d甜菜粕。试验期20 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期5 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组焉耆马对有机物、NDF、ADF的消化量和对日粮NDF、ADF的表观消化率均有极显著提高(P<0.01),对粗蛋白质、钙的消化量和对有机物的表观消化率影响差异显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组焉耆马对NDF和ADF的消化量分别增加了8.19%、9.43%,均达到了显著水平(P<0.05),而对有机物、粗蛋白质、钙的消化量和表观消化率均差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组焉耆马对有机物、NDF和ADF的消化量和表观消化率与试验Ⅰ组相比,均达到了显著或极显著水平(P<0.05;P<0.01),但对粗蛋白质和钙的消化量和表观消化率影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验Ⅱ组焉耆马的消化能与对照组和试验Ⅰ组相比分别提高14.92%(P<0.01)和11.23%(P<0.01),而试验Ⅰ组与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);对代谢能而言,试验Ⅱ组比对照组和试验Ⅰ组分别提高11.73%(P>0.05)和14.83%(P<0.05)。因此,日粮中添加1.2 kg/d的甜菜粕,可显著提高焉耆马对日粮有机物和粗蛋白质的消化量,极显著提高NDF和ADF的表观消化量(率)及消化能,可明显改善焉耆马对营养物质的利用率。     

不同饲喂水平对多胎萨福克公羊生长性能、屠宰性能和器官发育的影响

【目的】 试验旨在研究饲喂水平对多胎萨福克公羊生长性能、屠宰性能、内脏等器官发育的影响。【方法】 采用单因素试验方法,选择体况健康、体重相近(20.00±1.50 kg)的多胎萨福克公羊18只,随机分成3组,每组6只,试验Ⅰ组自由采食,试验Ⅱ组饲喂自由采食量的60%,试验Ⅲ组饲喂自由采食量的40%。当试验Ⅰ组试验羊平均体重达到35 kg时,将所有试验羊屠宰,测定生长性能、屠宰性能及内脏器官重量和发育情况。预饲期7 d,正试期50 d。【结果】 ①随着饲喂水平降低,试验羊平均干物质采食量(ADMI)、终末体重、净增重、平均日增重(ADG)均显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组料重比(F/G)均显著低于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。②试验Ⅰ组胴体重、胴体净肉重和脂肪重显著高于试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组,各组间差异均显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组净肉率显著高于其他2组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组骨重、肉骨比和腹脂重显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组腹脂率显著低于其他2组(P<0.05)。③试验Ⅰ组瘤胃重量最高,试验Ⅲ组最低,且各组之间差异显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组网胃重量和肠道总重量最高,试验Ⅱ组次之,试验Ⅲ组最低,3组之间差异均显著(P<0.05)。④试验Ⅰ组心脏、肝脏、肺脏和肾脏重量最高,试验Ⅱ组次之,试验Ⅲ组最低,各组间差异均显著(P<0.05)。⑤试验Ⅰ组头蹄重量最高,显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05),与试验Ⅱ组差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ组皮毛、血重量最高,试验Ⅱ组次之,试验Ⅲ组最低,3组之间差异均显著(P<0.05)。【结论】 不同饲喂水平可不同程度影响多胎萨福克公羊的生长性能、屠宰性能和主要生理器官发育。     

两种有机锌源对新生犊牛生长性能及锌代谢的影响

【目的】 探究饲粮中添加两种不同有机锌源对新生犊牛生长性能及锌代谢的影响。【方法】 试验随机选取30头新生荷斯坦母犊牛（体重39.4 kg±0.8 kg）,随机分为3组,每组10头牛,对照组只饲喂牛乳,不添加有机锌;蛋白锌组和蛋氨酸锌组每头牛分别添加522.82 mg/d的蛋白锌和467.88 mg/d的蛋氨酸锌（均相当于80 mg Zn/d）。试验期14 d。在犊牛1日龄及14日龄晨饲前,测量每头犊牛体重,计算平均日增重。每天记录牛乳采食量,用于计算平均日采食量和料重比。每天晨饲前,由专人对犊牛粪便进行评分,计算犊牛腹泻率。在14日龄晨饲前,采集犊牛血清样品,用于测定血清中的钙、磷、锌、铜和铁浓度、碱性磷酸酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性、金属硫蛋白、丙二醛浓度以及总抗氧化能力。【结果】 与对照组相比,添加蛋氨酸锌显著提高了犊牛平均日增重（P<0.05）,添加蛋白锌和蛋氨酸锌均降低犊牛腹泻率并提高血清锌浓度（P<0.05）,且蛋氨酸锌组犊牛的血清锌浓度显著高于蛋白锌组（P<0.05）。添加蛋氨酸锌显著降低犊牛血清铜浓度（P<0.05）,而蛋白锌组犊牛的血清铜浓度与对照组之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。添加有机锌源显著增加了犊牛血清中金属硫蛋白的浓度（P<0.05）,但仅蛋氨酸锌提高了犊牛血清碱性磷酸酶活性（P<0.05）;蛋氨酸锌能够显著提高犊牛血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性及总抗氧化能力（P<0.05）,但是蛋白锌对其无显著影响（P>0.05）;蛋白锌和蛋氨酸锌均可显著降低血清丙二醛浓度（P<0.05）。【结论】 饲粮中添加蛋氨酸锌能够提高犊牛的生长性能,降低腹泻率,改善机体锌代谢水平,且其效果优于蛋白锌,因此建议在犊牛饲粮中以蛋氨酸锌形式添加80 mg Zn/d。     

饲喂酸化奶对犊牛生长发育的影响

本试验的目的是研究饲喂酸化奶对犊牛生长发育的影响。采取配对设计将40头犊牛分为两组,对照组饲喂常乳,试验组饲喂酸化乳,其饲喂量和饲喂程序相同。结果,饲喂酸化奶母犊的平均日增重比对照组高出25.68%(P<0.05),公犊的日增重与对照组相比差异不显著,但有增长的趋势;两组犊牛的体高、体斜长、胸围、腹围指标无显著差异(P>0.05);试验组犊牛的腹泻发病率比对照组低50%。结果显示,饲喂酸化奶可有效促进犊牛的生长发育,降低腹泻发生率。     

饲喂代乳粉对早期断奶犊牦牛生长性能的影响及经济效益分析

为研究饲喂代乳粉对早期断奶犊牦牛生长性能的影响以及产生的经济效益,试验选用30日龄,体重(26±2.6)kg犊牛30头,随机分成3组,每组10头犊牛,每组公母各半,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别饲喂高蛋白含量代乳粉、高脂肪代乳粉,对照组按传统方法进行母乳喂养。结果表明:饲喂代乳粉能显著提高早期断奶犊牦牛的体增重和日增重(P0.05);饲喂代乳粉对早期断奶犊牦牛的体高、体斜长和胸围没有显著影响(P0.05);犊牦牛早期断奶能显著提高母牦牛的发情率、受胎率(P0.05),缩短牦牛生产周期,显著提升代乳粉饲喂阶段的经济效益(P0.05)。综合分析,饲喂代乳粉对早期断奶犊牦牛无论在犊牛生产性能方面还是经济效益方面都有显著效果,应在生产中推广应用。     

Study on Production of White Veal with Holstein Bull Calves Fed on Different Milk Replacer and Feeding Methods

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of production of white veal with Holstein bull calves fed on the liquid milk replacer (containing mainly dairy products) feeding and the dry milk replacer (containing mainly plant diet, etc)feeding.20 healthy male calves with similar birth date and body weight were selected, and randomly divided into two groups (10 calves per group), for a period of 120 d white beef production fattening test.GroupⅠfed with milk replacer (commercial, 22% CP, 16% EE), groupⅡ fed with milk replacer (formulated, 22% CP, 16 MJ/kg DE).The results showed as follows:① 0 to 90 d ADG of group Ⅱ were higher than groupⅠ, 91 to 120 d ADG of group Ⅱ were significantly lower than groupⅠ (P< 0.05), but there were no significant differences in 0 to 120 d ADG and 120 d weight between two groups (P> 0.05).② There were no significant differences in the nutrient apparent digestibility of Holstein bull calves with different milk replacer and feeding methods (P> 0.05).③ Carcass weight, dressing percentage and eye muscle area of groupⅠcalves were significantly higher than those of group Ⅱ (P< 0.05), increased by 11.88%, 11.04% and 8.12%, respectively, but there was no significant difference in carcass meat production rate between two groups (P> 0.05).There was no significant differences in pH, shear force, cooking lose and meat color of longissimus between two groups (P> 0.05), but compared with group Ⅱ, the water lose rate of groupⅠincreased by 20.83% (P< 0.01).The content of EE of groupⅠwas significantly higher than group Ⅱ (P< 0.01), but there were no significant differences in the contents of moisture, CP, Ash, Ca, P and Fe of longissimus between two groups (P> 0.05).④Compared with groupⅠ, the feed cost of group Ⅱ was reduced by 45.38%.In summary, the growth performance and meat quality of two groups calves were similar, feeding cost was reduced significantly.     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Fermented Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of soybean meal replacement by fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance,meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of broilers.A total 400 23-day-old Yellow-feathered male broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 25 broilers per replicate.The broilers in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others were fed the basal diets with the 3% (group Ⅰ),6% (group Ⅱ) and 9% (group Ⅲ) fermented rapeseed meal equal-nutritionally replacing the soybean meal,respectively.The experiment lasted for 43 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the ADG,ADFI and F/G of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ showed no significant differences (P>0.05);The ADG of group Ⅲ were 16.47% (P<0.05),15.03% (P<0.05) higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the F/G of group Ⅲ were 7.71% (P<0.05),4.27% (P>0.05) lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.② There were no significant differences in the pH₁,pH₂₄,meat color (L^*,a^*,b^*),cooking loss and tenderness of chest muscle among all groups(P>0.05);Compared with control group,the water loss rate of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the serum GLU content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 13.06%(P<0.05),8.12%(P>0.05) and 9.57%(P>0.05);The serum TP content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased by 2.50%(P>0.05),20.86%(P<0.05) and 33.92%(P<0.05);The serum GPT content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 7.99%(P>0.05),18.85%(P>0.05) and 26.98%(P<0.05).It was concluded that it would be feasible to replace the soybean meal with 3% to 9% fermented rapeseed meal in broiler feeding,and the optimum supplemental level of fermented rapeseed meal was 9%.     

Effect of Compound Enzyme and Compound Enzyme Probiotics Preparation on Degradation Rate of Diet in vitro and Milk Production Performance of Dairy Cows at Different Lactation Stages

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of compound enzyme and compound enzyme bacteria preparation on the degradation rate of diet in vitro and milk production performance of dairy cows at different lactation stages.In in vitro experiment,the basic diet (group Ⅰ) and the basic diet added with compound enzyme (group Ⅱ) and compound enzyme probiotics preparation (group Ⅲ) were used as fermentation substrate respectively.After 72 h of culture in vitro,the dry matter degradation rate (DMD) and crude protein degradation rate (CPD) of the diet were measured at different time (6,12,24,36,48 and 72 h).In feeding experiment,24 dairy cows with similar body weight,parity and condition were divided into three groups at early lactation (30 d±5 d),middle lactation (100 d±5 d) and late lactation (250 d±5 d),respectively.The cows in control group (group Ⅰ) were fed with TMR,in compound enzyme group (group Ⅱ) and the compound enzyme probiotics group (group Ⅲ) were fed with the TMR added with 1 kg/t compound enzyme and compound enzyme probiotics respectively.The trial period was 74 days,including 14 days of pre trial period and 60 days of normal trial period.`The results showed that:①In vitro DMD and CPD of the two groups increased with the prolongation of treatment time.At each time point,the values of DMD and CPD in group Ⅲ were higher than those in group Ⅱ,the difference of DMD was significant at 6 and 72 h (P<0.05),CPD was significant at 36 and 72 h (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference at other time points (P>0.05).②In the early stage of lactation,the average daily milk production of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased by 3.68% and 4.10% respectively compared with group Ⅰ,the difference was significant (P<0.05),and the difference between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was not significant (P>0.05).In mid-lactation,the average daily milk production of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased by 7.53% and 10.66% respectively compared with group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the difference between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was not significant (P>0.05).In the later stage,the average daily milk production of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased by 7.06% and 5.16% respectively compared with group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the difference between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was not significant (P>0.05).In conclusion,both compound enzymes and compound enzyme probiotics preparations could improve the in vitro DMD and CPD of the diet and the milk production of dairy cows in different periods to a certain extent.Among them,the compound enzyme preparation had a better effect on increasing milk production of dairy cows in the late lactation,while the compound enzyme probiotics preparation has a better effect on increasing milk production in mid-lactating dairy cows.     

复合酶与复合酶菌制剂对日粮体外降解率及不同泌乳阶段奶牛产奶性能的影响

本试验旨在研究复合酶及复合酶菌制剂对奶牛日粮体外降解率及不同阶段奶牛产奶性能的影响。在体外试验中,分别以基础日粮（Ⅰ组）及基础日粮中分别添加复合酶制剂（Ⅱ组）、复合酶菌制剂（Ⅲ组）的日粮作为发酵底物,体外培养72 h,测定不同时间点（6、12、24、36、48、72 h）日粮干物质降解率（DMD）和粗蛋白质降解率（CPD）。在饲养试验中,分别选取体重、胎次、体况相近的泌乳前期（30 d±5 d）、泌乳中期（100 d±5 d）和泌乳后期（250 d±5 d）奶牛各24头,平均分成3组,其中对照组（Ⅰ组）奶牛饲喂全混合日粮（TMR）,复合酶制剂组（Ⅱ组）和复合酶菌制剂组（Ⅲ组）奶牛在TMR中分别添加1 kg/t的复合酶制剂和复合酶菌制剂。每期试验持续74 d,其中预试期14 d,正试期60 d,每天记录产奶量。结果显示：①体外试验中,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的DMD、CPD均随处理时间的延长而增加。在各个时间点,Ⅲ组的DMD、CPD均高于Ⅱ组,其中DMD在6、72 h时差异显著（P<0.05）,CPD在36、72 h时差异显著（P<0.05）,在其他时间点差异均不显著（P>0.05）。②在泌乳前期,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的平均日产奶量与Ⅰ组相比分别提高了3.68%和4.10%,差异显著（P<0.05）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）;泌乳中期,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的平均日产奶量与Ⅰ组相比分别提高了7.53%和10.66%,差异显著（P<0.05）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）;泌乳后期,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的平均日产奶量与Ⅰ组相比分别提高了7.06%和5.16%,差异显著（P<0.05）,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。综上,复合酶与复合酶菌制剂均能在一定程度上提高日粮体外DMD和CPD以及奶牛在不同时期的产奶量,其中,复合酶制剂对提高泌乳后期奶牛产奶量效果更好,复合酶菌制剂对提高泌乳中期奶牛产奶量效果更好。     

复合营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响。采用单因素完全随机区组试验设计,将48只健康、体重相近(28.01±1.70)kg的7月龄放牧母羊随机分为4组,Ⅰ组不补饲;Ⅱ组补饲常规精料;Ⅲ组补饲常规精料+复合配方1 (0.30%苹果酸、0.06%半胱胺、0.08%糖萜素);Ⅳ组补饲常规精料+饲料复合配方2 (0.60%苹果酸、0.12%半胱胺、0.16%糖萜素)。其中每组3个重复,每个重复4只,进行45 d饲养试验。结果表明:①试验Ⅲ组末重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高6.26% (P>0.05)、3.69% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组平均日增重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高26.32% (P<0.01)、5.74% (P>0.05)。②试验Ⅲ组的屠宰率较Ⅱ组提高4.68% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高18.46% (P<0.05)、10.97% (P>0.05)和4.40% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉重较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高49.74% (P<0.01)、13.22% (P>0.05)和18.27% (P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高10.42% (P<0.01)、6.00% (P>0.05)和3.37% (P>0.05)。③在血清GLU、Ca、P、HDL、LDL、GPT、IgG含量中,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅲ组依次呈上升趋势,而其A/G、TG含量依次呈下降趋势。综上,补饲复合营养调控剂可改善冷季放牧绵羊的生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标,其中补饲复合配方1组(试验Ⅲ组)作用效果最佳。     

Effects of Complex Nutritional Regulation Additives on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Grazing Sheep in Cold Season

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of complex nutritional regulation additives on growth performance, slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of grazing sheep in cold season.A single factor random block design was used and 48 grazing ewes with the average weight (28.01±1.70) kg and 7 months old were randomly divided into 4 groups:Group Ⅰ without supplement;Group Ⅱ with concentrate;Group Ⅲ with concentrate+complex formulation 1 (0.30% malic acid, 0.06% cysteamine, 0.08% saccharicterpenin);Group Ⅳ with concentrate+complex formulation 2 (0.60% malic acid, 0.12% cysteamine, 0.16% saccharicterpenin)with 3 replicates per group and 4 grazing ewes per replicate.The results showed that:①The final weight of group Ⅲ was the highest and higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 6.26% (P>0.05)、3.69% (P>0.05), respectively.The average daily gain of group Ⅲ was highest, and higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 26.32% (P<0.01)、5.74% (P>0.05) respectively.②Comparing with group Ⅱ, the slaughter rate of group Ⅲ was increased by 4.68% (P>0.05).Compared with groupⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, the meat percentage of group Ⅲ was increased 18.46% (P<0.05), 10.97% (P>0.05) and 4.40% (P>0.05), while the net meat weight of carcass in group Ⅲ was increased by 49.74% (P<0.01), 13.22% (P>0.05) and 18.27% (P<0.05), respectively.Compared with groupⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, the net meat rat of carcass in group Ⅲ was increased 10.42% (P<0.01)、6.00% (P>0.05) and 3.37% (P>0.05), respectively.③There was a rising trend as the order of groupⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ and Ⅲ in serum glucose, Ca, P, HDL, LDL, GPT and IgG, while A/G and TG showed a decreasing trend.Based on the above results, in this trial, supplementing complex nutritional regulation additives had good effects on growth performance, slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of grazing sheep in cold season.And supplementing complex formulation group 1 (group Ⅲ) was the best.