牛腐蹄病坏死梭杆菌H05菌株白细胞毒素基因的原核表达及其免疫活性分析

参考羊腐蹄病坏死梭杆菌白细胞毒素蛋白的抗原表位基因序列,利用DNAStar软件预测了牛腐蹄病坏死梭杆菌白细胞毒素蛋白的5个抗原表位区,设计5对在上游和下游含有特异性限制性内切酶的引物,以牛腐蹄病坏死梭杆菌H05菌株白细胞毒素基因阳性质粒pMD18-T-lkrA为模板,PCR扩增了预测的5个抗原表位区基因,分别命名为PL1、PL2、PL3、PL4和PL5,将其定向克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1和pPROEX HTa后转化E.coli BL21(DE3),37℃条件下,用IPTG诱导表达,结果PL1、PL2、PL4和PL5在pGEX-6p-1中获得了表达,而PL3在pPROEX HTa中获得了表达。Westem blot试验结果表明,牛腐蹄病坏死梭杆菌H05菌株白细胞毒素蛋白5个抗原表位区的重组蛋白PL1、PL2、PL3、PL4和PL5均与坏死梭杆菌多克隆血清反应。     

羊场环境中绵羊腐蹄病病原的检测

以近年来国内外最新研究资料为基础,采用PCR方法对采集于绵羊腐蹄病发病地区水样和土样环境中坏死杆菌和节瘤拟杆菌的存在情况进行检测。结果显示:34份样品中有1份水样为坏死杆菌阳性,其余为阴性,节瘤拟杆菌检测全为阴性。将扩增所得基因KY130428通过BLAST序列比对,发现该基因片段与FJ230831序列同源性为99%,表明样品中存在坏死杆菌。从羊圈周围动物饮水中检测到坏死杆菌的存在,国内尚未见相关报道,本研究旨在摸清羊场环境中腐蹄病病原的分布情况,为该病的防制提供参考依据。     

奶牛腐蹄病的病因与防控

正奶牛腐蹄病是奶牛蹄病中危害较大的一种疾病,引起此病的病原微生物主要有坏死梭杆菌、节瘤拟杆菌等。发病后的典型症状是蹄部发生变形,病牛跛行,不愿意运动,没有食欲,泌乳量下降,繁殖性能降低等,病情严重的会造成奶牛失去价值而淘汰。腐蹄病是一种外科疾病,很少会引起病牛死亡,但是会缩短奶牛的使用年限,影响奶牛场的发展。     

肉牛溶血性曼氏杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为探究四川省某肉牛养殖场从外地引种的西门塔尔牛出现体温升高、咳嗽和呼吸困难等症状的病原,本实验采集24份病牛鼻腔棉拭子,随机挑取10份进行细菌的培养、分离鉴定以及分离菌株的耐药性分析;同时采用特异性检测溶血性曼氏杆菌的PCR方法对全部病牛鼻腔棉拭子进行检测。结果显示,从10份病牛鼻腔棉拭子中分离鉴定出10株溶血性曼氏杆菌,分型PCR方法结果显示其中8株为荚膜血清6型,其余2株未定型;药敏试验结果显示,溶血性曼氏杆菌分离株对大多数氟喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类药物敏感,对部分β-内酰胺类和酰胺醇类药物耐药;特异性检测溶血性曼氏杆菌的PCR方法从24份鼻腔棉拭子中检测出23份阳性样品,表明该群病牛溶血性曼氏杆菌的感染率很高。本研究为该牛场的呼吸道病的防控提供了参考。     

坏死梭杆菌QL03株绵羊感染模型的建立及免疫保护性试验

坏死梭杆菌是奶牛腐蹄病的重要致病菌。用奶牛源坏死梭杆菌QL03分离株以不同浓度菌量感染绵羊蹄部,通过观察绵羊蹄部感染情况、病理变化和动物回归试验,建立了坏死梭杆菌分离株绵羊感染模型。并通过绵羊免疫保护性试验验证了绵羊作为奶牛源坏死梭杆菌QL03分离株动物模型的可行性,为进一步研究坏死梭杆菌有效的疫苗奠定实验基础。     

PCR法诊断奶牛腐蹄病坏死梭杆菌的研究与应用

试验根据坏死梭杆菌白细胞毒素基因序列的特异性,设计1对引物FLP并建立了PCR检测方法.试验结果表明,引物FLP具有相对较高的特异性和敏感性,其敏感性达到了48.5pg.对现地采集奶牛蹄部病料进行PCR检测,发现引物FLP具有很好的特异性,能够准确诊断出坏死梭杆菌的存在.     

雪貂空肠弯曲杆菌的分离与鉴定

从试验用雪貂分离到一株弯曲杆菌,通过菌落、菌体形态、生化特征、培养特性等生物学特性和PCR方法对所分离菌株进行鉴定,分离株经空肠弯曲杆菌VS1基因特异性引物PCR扩增为阳性,测序结果显示与空肠弯曲杆菌序列同源性达100%,结合生物学特性和PCR结果确定所分离菌株为空肠弯曲杆菌,该菌的分离鉴定为雪貂微生物检测标准的建立提供了理论依据。     

一起牛腐蹄病的诊治

腐蹄病是由坏死梭杆菌和节瘤拟杆菌协同感染引起的各种哺乳动物和禽类的创伤性传染病。牛、羊、鹿等反刍动物常见且发病率较高,以侵害反刍动物趾间皮肤及深层软组织为主。该病的特征为动物蹄部组织化脓、坏死、腐败以及角质层破坏。目前,在我国牛、羊饲养场中,腐蹄病的发生率可达到50%,是牛、羊,尤其是奶牛养殖业中危害性最大的传染病性疾病之一。患腐蹄病的奶牛,通常表现为食欲减退,泌乳量下降,繁殖能力降低,严重者被迫淘汰,从而严重地影响到奶牛的生产性能和产奶质量,给奶牛业造成了巨大的经济损失。因此,我国牛、羊,尤其是奶牛腐蹄病的防治工作显得十分重要,一般为慢性经过,多位散发,有时表现为地方流行性。坏死梭杆菌主要以白细胞毒素、内毒素、溶血素、血凝素和各种蛋白酶起致病作用。节瘤拟杆菌主要通过细菌纤毛和蛋白酶起致病作用,其他杂菌在致病中起辅助作用,所以腐蹄病的主要判定依据是检测到病料中是否有节瘤拟杆菌和坏死梭杆菌的存在。     

西藏牦牛腹泻性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定

为探讨西藏那曲市申扎县牦牛腹泻的原因，本试验无菌采集11份腹泻牦牛粪便样品进行细菌分离培养、染色镜检，对检测菌株的16Sr RNA基因进行扩增、测序，序列上传至Gen Bank进行比对，并使用DNAStar进行同源性分析，构建遗传进化树。分离结果表明，11份样品中共分离出5株菌株，在MAC培养基上菌落呈粉红色，革兰氏染色镜检后发现所有菌株均为阴性且两端钝圆的直杆菌；16Sr RNA基因同源性分析结果显示，5株分离株16Sr RNA序列同源性在90%以上，与大肠杆菌参考序列的同源性达到95.2%以上；遗传进化树显示，XZ-1、XZ-5分离株与大肠杆菌AT125株、PAK/SA4株亲缘关系较近，XZ-2、XZ-3和XZ-4分离株与大肠杆菌RM13322株亲缘关系较近，经以上鉴定可知分离菌为大肠杆菌。     

藏羊腐蹄病主要病原的分子生物学鉴定

利用分子生物学技术扩增藏羊腐蹄病病料中坏死杆菌和节瘤拟杆菌的特异性基因片段。结果显示:坏死杆菌lkt A基因和节瘤拟杆菌fim A基因序列与Genebank中JX678850.1和X52407的序列同源性分别为99%和95%,表明青海省藏羊腐蹄病病原中有坏死杆菌和节瘤拟杆菌存在,为今后防治提供参考依据。     

Isolation,Identification and Sequence Analysis of Leukotoxin Gene lktA1 of Fusobacterium necrophorum of Cow Footrot

For separation and purification of Fusobacterium necrophorum of cow footrot, and analysis of genetic relationship with other strains, the hoof ministry swab samples were detected by PCR based on specific primers of leukotoxin gene, and genomic DNA were isolated from PCR positive samples of Fusobacterium necrophorum culturing in anaerobic medium.The genes of leukotoxin were cloned and sequenced.The results showed that nine of hoof ministry swab samples were all PCR positive samples, and we obtained Fusobacterium necrophorum pure culture from one of the samples which named bFR13-1.The gene sequencing results indicated that the homologies of leukotoxin gene nucleotide sequence of bFR13-1 strain compared with H05, A25 and B35 strains from GenBank were 98.40%, 98.35% and 90.79%, respectively, and the homologies of deduced amino acid sequence were 97.7%, 97.6% and 89.0%, respectively.Phylogenetic tree analysis results showed that leukotoxin gene of Fusobacterium necrophorum bFR13-1 and H05 had high homology and bFR13-1, H05 and A25 showed a close genetic relationship.The result indicated that leukotoxin showed variability between different Fusobacterium necrophorum isolated strains, and it was worth to study whether this change and pathogenicity of Fusobacterium necrophorum were related.     

坏死梭杆菌白细胞毒素研究进展

坏死梭杆菌白细胞毒素(Lkt)是一组对反刍动物白细胞特别是多形性白细胞(PMNs)有特异性毒性作用的细胞外毒素,被认为是坏死梭杆菌感染动物的主要毒力因子。白细胞毒素的物理稳定性较低,高温或极端pH环境中都能使白细胞毒素活性丧失。研究发现,白细胞毒素开放阅读框(ORF)全长9 726bp,由3个基因(lktB、A和C)组成,结构基因是第2个基因(lktA)。白细胞毒素对白细胞的毒性作用有剂量依赖性,并且溶血活性较低,不能在豚鼠猪皮肤上形成皮肤坏死症状。     

Characterization of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions among strains of the Fusobacterium necrophorum cluster

The 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions (ISRs) of Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme were characterized. Products of two sizes, about 360 bp (small) and 530 bp (large), were generated by PCR amplification from the 16S-23S rRNA ISR of all the strains tested. The large and small 16S-23S rRNA ISRs of F. necrophorum exhibited a level of sequence similarity of 93.9% to 99.7% and 94.2% to 98.6% homologies within the species, respectively. Only the large spacer regions in these bacteria contained one or two tRNA genes. F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum contains the isoleucine and alanine tRNA gene, whereas F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme contains the isoleucine tRNA gene.     

The two major subspecies of Fusobacterium necrophorum have distinct leukotoxin operon promoter regions

Fusobacterium necrophorum, a gram-negative, non-spore-forming anaerobe, is a normal inhabitant of the alimentary tract of animals and humans. Two types of F. necrophorum, subspecies necrophorum (biotype A) and funduliforme (biotype B), have been recognized, which differ morphologically, biochemically and biologically. The organism is an opportunistic pathogen that causes numerous necrotic conditions (necrobacillosis) such as bovine hepatic abscesses and ruminant foot abscesses. Subspecies necrophorum strains are considered to be more virulent for cattle and have been shown to produce greater amounts of leukotoxin than subspecies funduliforme strains. The leukotoxin operon of F. necrophorum consists of three genes (lktBAC) of which the leukotoxin structural gene (lktA) is the second gene in the operon. In this study, the promoter regions of the leukotoxin operons from the two subspecies were identified and their nucleotide sequence compared. The promoter regions were found to differ in sequence, in length of the sequence between the upstream determinant (oppF) and the first gene of the leukotoxin operon (lktB), and in promoter strength as assayed in Escherichia coli host cells.     

Specific detection and differentiation of two subspecies of Fusobacterium necrophorum by PCR

The phylogenic relationships of two subspecies of Fusobacterium necrophorum were investigated by randomly amplified polymorphism DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). With each of the 12 random primers, the DNA fingerprints generated were subjected to cluster analysis for dendrograms. The analysis indicated that twelve strains were organized into two major clusters, and that all strains of each subspecies were confined to one cluster. Furthermore, two of the random primers examined each generated a unique band in F. n. necrophorum strains. We cloned these specific bands and determined the nucleotide sequences. A search for amino acid sequence homologies revealed that the two specific fragments had significant homology to the rpoB gene of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and the hemagglutinin-related protein gene of Ralstonia solanacearum, respectively. New specific primers designed for the rpoB gene were able to amplify 900bp fragments from both subspecies. However, the specific primers designed for the hemagglutinin-related protein gene amplified only a 250bp fragment of the genome of the F. n. necrophorum strains, suggesting that this gene is unique to F. n. necrophorum. These results were further confirmed by dot blot hybridization. Finally, a one-step duplex PCR technique in a single tube for the rapid detection and differentiation of the F. necrophorum subspecies was developed.     

坏死梭杆菌白细胞毒素研究进展

坏死梭杆菌是动物和人的各种坏死化脓感染的条件性致病菌.坏死梭杆菌的白细胞毒素是一种高度不稳定性分泌蛋白,被认为是主要的毒力因子.坏死梭杆菌白细胞毒素基因的开放阅读框(lktAORF)包括9 726 bp,编码3 241个氨基酸,总分子质量为336 ku的蛋白,且与其他细菌的细胞毒素没有任何相似的序列.覆盖在整个坏死梭杆菌lktA ORF上的5个短的重叠的多肽分别是BSBSE,SX,GAS,SH和FINAL,将它们在大肠埃希菌中表达,所有的多肽都有免疫原性,但GAS引起最小的抗体反应,BSBSE和SH对坏死梭杆菌攻击诱导产生了很强的保护力,比坏死梭杆菌的培养上清内全长活性lkt或无活性上清的保护性要好得多.     

Fusobacterium equinum possesses a leukotoxin gene and exhibits leukotoxin activity

Fusobacterium equinum, a gram negative, rod-shaped and an obligate anaerobic bacterium is a newly described species. The organism is associated with necrotic infections of the respiratory tract in horses that include necrotizing pneumonia, pleuritis and paraoral infections. The species is closely related to F. necrophorum that causes liver abscesses in cattle and sheep, calf-diphtheria in cattle, and foot-rot in sheep and cattle. Leukotoxin, an exotoxin, is an important virulence factor in bovine strains of F. necrophorum. Our objective was to examine strains (n=10) of F. equinum for leukotoxin (lktA) gene and its toxic effects on equine leukocytes. Southern hybridization and partial DNA sequencing revealed that all the 10 strains had the lktA gene with greater similarities to F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum. The secreted leukotoxin was detected in the culture supernatant and its biological activity was determined by viability assays with equine polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) using flow cytometry. While culture supernatants of four strains (E1, E7, E9, and E10) were highly toxic to equine PMNs; strain E5 was moderately toxic and the remaining strains (E2, E3, E4, E6, and E8) were only mildly toxic. Our data indicated that F. equinum isolates had lktA gene and its product was toxic to equine leukocytes. Therefore, leukotoxin may be an important virulence factor in F. equinum infections.     

貉源犬瘟热病毒血凝素基因的克隆及序列分析

为了对1例貉源犬瘟热(CD)进行病毒检测并分析其血凝素H基因变异情况,本研究从1只疑似犬瘟热病死的貉采病料进行研磨,利用RT-PCR方法扩增犬瘟热病毒H基因,对扩增出的H基因片段进行克隆测序,并对得到的H基因序列进行分析。结果表明,该貉感染犬瘟热病毒,得到的H基因核苷酸和氨基酸序列与CDV野毒株同源性较高,分别为89.1%~98.0%和85.4%~97.5%。遗传进化分析表明其属于Asia-1型野毒株,N连接糖基化位点分析结果表明,该毒株在542aa处比参考野毒株多了1个潜在的N糖基化位点,在525aa-550aa间多出了1个抗原表位。     

Immunogenicity and protective effects of truncated recombinant leukotoxin proteins of Fusobacterium necrophorum in mice

Fusobacterium necrophorum, a gram-negative, anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, is generally an opportunistic pathogen and causes a wide variety of necrotic infections in animals and humans. Leukotoxin, a secreted protein, is a major virulence factor. The gene encoding the leukotoxin (lktA) in F. necrophorum has been cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. Because of low expression levels, problems associated with purifying full-length recombinant protein, and of the physical instability of the protein, five overlapping leukotoxin gene truncations were constructed. The recombinant polypeptides (BSBSE, SX, GAS, SH, and FINAL) were expressed in E. coli and purified by nickel-affinity chromatography. The objectives were to investigate the effectiveness of the purified truncated polypeptides to induce protective immunity in mice challenged with F. necrophorum. The polypeptides, individually or in combination, and inactivated native leukotoxin or culture supernatant of F. necrophorum were homogenized with an adjuvant and injected into mice on days 0 and 21. Blood samples were collected to measure serum anti-leukotoxin antibody titers on days 0, 21 and 42 and on day 42, mice were experimentally challenged with F. necrophorum. All polypeptides were immunogenic, with GAS polypeptide eliciting the least antibody response. Two polypeptides (BSBSE and SH) induced significant protection in mice against F. necrophorum infection. Protection was better than the full-length native leukotoxin or inactivated supernatant.The study demonstrated that the leukotoxin of F. necrophorum carries epitopes that induce protective immunity against experimental fusobacterial infection, thus providing further evidence to the importance of leukotoxin as a major virulence factor.     

Identification of three immunodominant regions on leukotoxin protein of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusobacterium necrophorum</Emphasis>

To analyze immunodominant regions of leukotoxin protein of Fusobacterium necrophorum strain H05, a series of truncated forms of leukotoxin gene were expressed in Escherichia coli using the vector pGEX-6p-1 or pPROEX HTa. The results of SDS-PAGE showed the truncated forms PL1, PL2, PL4, and PL5 were expressed in Escherichia coli using the vector pGEX-6p-1, and the truncated forms PL3 was expressed in Escherichia coli using the vector pPROEX HTa. These recombinant proteins were able to react with antisera against Fusobacterium necrophorum strain A25. In five recombinant proteins, the recombinant proteins PL1, PL3 and PL4 as vaccine were able to elicit formation of the better protective effects on mice against infection of Fusobacterium necrophorum strain A25.