安徽3株柔嫩艾美耳球虫对5种抗球虫药的耐药性检测

采用鸡体试验法,以抗球虫指数、最适抗球虫活性百分率、病变记分减少率和相对卵囊产量4项指标综合判定,安徽庐江县、青阳县和肥西县3个地区鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫对磺胺氯吡嗪钠、马杜拉霉素、氨丙啉、妥曲珠利、地克珠利的耐药性。结果显示,庐江株对氨丙啉和妥曲珠利敏感,对磺胺氯吡嗪钠和地克珠利完全耐药,对马杜拉霉素中度耐药;青阳株对地克珠利和妥曲珠利敏感,对磺胺氯吡嗪钠和马杜拉霉素完全耐药,对氨丙啉中度耐药;肥西株对磺胺氯吡嗪钠敏感,对妥曲珠利中度耐药,对地克珠利、马杜拉霉素和氨丙啉完全耐药。     

四川部分地区肉鸡球虫病调查与药物治疗试验

为调查四川地区肉鸡球虫病流行现状,并筛选抗肉鸡球虫的有效药物,我们开展了本试验。结果表明,四川地区肉鸡球虫病感染场阳性率达95.24%,流行的球虫种类为柔嫩艾美耳球虫、和缓艾美耳球虫、毒害艾美耳球虫和巨型艾美耳球虫;妥曲珠利和磺胺氯吡嗪钠可溶性粉比复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠预混剂的短期驱虫效果更好,但复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠预混剂的药效维持时间比前两种药物更长。     

复方抗球虫药临床效果观察

复方抗球虫药(妥曲珠利-马杜霉素铵溶液)是一种西药复方制剂,主要用于防治鸡球虫病。本试验主要研究复方抗球虫药临床抗球虫效果并进行推广。在临床上治疗经柔嫩艾美耳球虫南通株人工接种的AA肉仔鸡,结果表明,妥曲珠利-马杜霉素铵抗球虫指数大于180,属于高效抗球虫药物。在各剂量组鸡的粪便和盲肠中均没有检查到球虫卵囊,说明没有耐药的突变虫株。对鸡球虫病的防治效果显著优于马杜霉素铵预混剂和妥曲珠利溶液,对鸡球虫具有高效的防治作用。     

安徽3个地区柔嫩艾美耳球虫对6种药物的抗药性

目的检测三株柔嫩艾美耳球虫对六种药物的耐药性,为防治球虫病制定临床用药方案提供依据。方法鸡体实验法检测巢湖、六安、肥东三株柔嫩艾美耳球虫对马杜拉霉素、盐霉素、莫能菌素、磺胺喹嗯啉钠、地克珠利、妥曲珠利的耐药性,以抗球虫指数（ACI）、病变记分减少率（RLS）、相对盲肠卵囊产量（ROP）和最适抗球虫活性百分率（POAA）四项指标综合判定。结果巢湖株对地克珠利,盐霉素与莫能菌素轻度耐药,对马杜拉霉素中度耐药,对托曲株利和磺胺喹嗯啉钠重度耐药,六安株对地克株利与托曲株利重度耐药,对磺胺喹嗯啉钠中度耐药,对盐霉素轻度耐药,对马杜霉素敏感,肥东株对磺胺喹嗯啉钠完全耐药,对莫能菌素重度耐药,对马杜霉素与盐霉素轻度耐药,对地克珠利与托曲珠利中度耐药。结论3个地区的柔嫩艾美耳球虫对供试药物已产生不同程度的耐药性。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫西宁分离株的药物敏感性试验

比较地克珠利、磺胺氯吡嗪钠、磺胺喹噁啉、氨丙啉、复方磺胺对甲氧嘧啶等5种常用抗球虫药对人工感染2.4×105个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊的鸡的作用效果.结果表明,地克珠利抗球虫指数(ACI)为165.7,抗球虫效果良好;氨丙啉抗球虫指数(ACI)为126.7,抗球虫效果中等;磺胺喹噁啉、磺胺氯吡嗪钠、复方磺胺对甲氧嘧啶抗球虫指数(ACI)分别为115.7、75、55.8,无抗球虫效果.     

张家口市鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫对磺胺氯吡嗪钠的耐药性

为了解张家口市鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫耐磺胺氯吡嗪钠的情况，试验选取张家口市坝下地区蔚县、宣化区和坝上地区张北县、沽源县以磺胺氯吡嗪钠作为抗球虫药的养鸡场进行球虫耐药性检测。从采集的粪便样本中进行卵囊分离，宣化区和张北县粪便样本中检出球虫卵囊，蔚县和沽源县未检出卵囊。将检出卵囊的粪便样本进行卵囊分离保存，经耐药性试验发现，宣化地区柔嫩艾美耳球虫株对磺胺氯吡嗪钠的敏感浓度为9.6mg/kg，张北县为4.8mg/kg。本次试验结果可为张家口市养鸡场防治鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的给药浓度提供一定数据支持，有效缓解因球虫耐药性对养鸡产业造成的危害及经济损失。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫果洛分离株的耐药性试验

雏鸡分组后人工感染果洛地区柔嫩艾美耳球虫分离株2.4×105个/只,分别采用地克珠利、氨丙啉、尼卡巴嗪、磺胺氯吡嗪钠、复方磺胺对甲氧嘧啶等5种常用抗球虫药进行治疗观察,以POAA、RLS、ROP、ACI作为评定指标.结果表明,柔嫩艾美耳球虫果洛分离株对氨丙啉、地克珠利高度敏感,对尼卡巴嗪、磺胺氯吡嗪钠均产生不同程度的耐...     

五种抗球虫药对肉鸽球虫病的防治研究

为筛选有效的抗鸽球虫药物,选用地克珠利(1 mg/kg)、磺胺喹恶啉钠(300 mg/kg)、磺胺氯吡嗪钠(300 mg/kg)、托曲珠利(25 mg/kg)、白头翁散(500 mg/kg)等5种抗鸡球虫药物进行了本试验,试验重复3次,每次分为用药感染组和不用药感染组,人工感染主要含有拉氏艾美耳球虫和鸽艾美耳球虫的混合孢子化卵囊,剂量为15×104个,以相对卵囊减少率作为抗球虫效果的指标。结果显示磺胺喹恶啉钠、磺胺氯吡嗪钠效果最好,相对卵囊减少率分别为99.9%和99.5%;其次是托曲珠利、白头翁散,相对卵囊减少率分别为96.7%和92.0%;地克珠利效果最差,相对卵囊减少率仅为75.6%。     

治疗鸡球虫病小妙方

正1敏感药物有:泰虫威(海南霉素)、杀球威(氯吡嗪钠)、妥球康(妥曲珠利)、鸡球泰(磺胺氯吡嗪钠)等。2当大肠杆菌和球虫混合感染时,可用氟特(氟苯尼考)+泰虫威;或菌必治(甲磺酸培氟沙星、头孢等)+泰虫威。3小肠球虫和肠炎混感时,可用泰虫威+腺胃灵(氨苄西林、丁胺卡那、抗组胺成分、西咪替丁等);或杀球威+肠安康(地克珠利、丁胺等)。4肉鸡7日龄第一次免疫后,一旦出现肠炎,雏鸡拉水现象,可用速效肠毒清(蒽诺沙星、头孢等),1500只鸡1袋,溶于     

四川部分地区鸡球虫分离株对11种抗球虫药物的耐药性调查

从四川省部分地区分离到6株鸡艾美耳球虫株,为了掌握这些虫株对11种常用抗球虫药物的耐药性情况,采用笼饲试验法(鸡体试验法),以最适抗球虫活性百分率(POAA)、病变记分减少率(RLS)、相对卵囊产量(ROP)和抗球虫指数(ACI)4项指标对结果进行综合判定。结果表明,6株鸡艾美耳球虫对癸氧喹酯、拉沙洛西钠、盐酸氯苯胍和莫能菌素为轻度耐药及以上;对尼卡巴嗪、二硝托铵、氯羟吡啶、马度米星铵和甲基盐霉素为中度耐药及以上;对复方磺胺氯达嗪钠均为重度耐药及以上。6株鸡艾美耳球虫四川株对11种受试药物均不敏感,且对大部分试验药物表现为中度或重度耐药。     

Evaluation of the efficacy of maduramacin ammonium in combination with roxarsone and avoparcin in caged broiler chickens

1. The anticoccidial activity of maduramicin ammonium (5 mg/kg food) administered alone or with roxarsone (50 mg/kg food) and/or avoparcin (10 mg/kg food) was evaluated in battery-reared broilers artificially challenged with recent field culture mixtures containing Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella or E. mivati, E. necatrix and E. brunetti. 2. Maduramicin ammonium exhibited a high degree of anticoccidial activity and the addition of roxarsone and/or avoparcin in food at recommended concentrations did not adversely affect the activity.     

Anticoccidial activity of 8-aminoquinolines, pamaquine, primaquine and several molecular complexes and salts of pamaquine, against Eimeria tenella, E. necatrix, E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. brunetti in battery experiments.

Pamaquine and primaquine, the well known antimalarial 8-aminoquinolines, have not been reported for their anticoccidial activity. A series of battery experiments was conducted to investigate their activity against a laboratory strain of Eimeria tenella, E. necatrix, E. acervulina, E. maxima, or E. brunetti and revealed that both drugs were effective against E. tenella and E. necatrix, but not against the other three species. Pamaquine suppressed the symptoms of E. tenella induced coccidiosis at concentrations above 125 ppm in feed and primaquine controlled the clinical signs as well at levels above 31.2 ppm. The activity against E. necatrix was observed with pamaquine at 250 ppm and with primaquine at levels above 125 ppm. Pamaquine showed a tendency apparently to reduce body weight gain at 125-500 ppm, whereas primaquine showed the same tendency at 500 ppm. In a concomitantly conducted experiment, this adverse effect of pamaquine was averted in its molecular complexes with benzophenone, nitropyrazole, dinitrobenzoic acids and quinoline, and in its salts of sulfate or zinc chloride, and yet these compounds retained the same anticoccidial activity as of pamaquine. This suggests that these compounds had the broadened safety margin. Judging from their susceptibility to these compounds. E. tenella and E. necatrix will have similar metabolic functions to those of blood cell parasitizing protozoa like plasmodia and prioplasma, which are easily suppressed by this class of compound.     

Relative value of oocyst counts in evaluating anticoccidial activity.

Birds medicated with roxarsone and in another experiment with zoalene in the feed produced higher oocysts counts than unmedicated control birds receiving the same oocyst dose of Eimeria tenella or a mixture of six species (E. tenella, E. necatrix, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. acervulina, and E. mitvati). These experiments confirm the conclusion that oocyst counts constitute an unsatisfactory and unreliable parameter for judging effectiveness of an anticoccidial even though such increases are a relatively rare occurrence in anticoccidial evaluation experiments.     

秦皇岛地区鸡球虫抗药性研究

应用艾维茵肉仔鸡，以最适抗球虫活性百分率（POAA）、病变记分减少率（RLS）和相对卵囊产量（ROP）为判定指标，检测了采自河北省秦皇岛地区的6种艾美耳球虫对8种常用抗球虫药物的敏感性。结果表明：6种混合艾美耳球虫对马杜霉素和盐霉素具有轻度抗药性；对拉沙洛菌素和氨丙淋具有中度抗药性；对球痢灵、克球多和常山酮具有重度抗药性；对地克珠利无抗药性。     

抗鸡球虫药物的合理应用

鸡球虫种类很多,目前世界公认的有8 种,其中危害最大的有艾美耳属的柔嫩艾美耳球虫、毒害艾美耳球虫2种,是养鸡业中严重多发,且防制困难的疾病之一,其死亡率达40%～50%。近几年来由于各养殖户缺乏疾病防制知识,使用药物防治球虫病时并不能做到合理选用和科学应用,导致球虫的耐药性不断增加,球虫病在一定区域仍然广泛流行。作者阐述了如何合理应用抗球虫药物来减少药物产生耐药性,使其更有效地治疗鸡球虫病。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫扬州分离株对8种抗球虫药的抗药性

将柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)扬州分离株感染14日龄苏禽黄羽肉鸡,设立8个用药组、1个感染不用药对照组和1个不感染不用药对照组,以相对卵囊产量、病变记分减少率、最适抗球虫百分数和抗球虫指数为指标对该虫株对盐霉素、马杜拉霉素、球痢灵、氯羟吡啶、氨丙啉、尼卡巴嗪、甲基三嗪酮、地克珠利等8种常用抗球虫药的抗药性进行了综合评定,分析了该地区球虫的抗药性及对策。结果表明,该虫株对甲基三嗪酮敏感,对氨丙啉具有中度抗药性,对盐霉素、马杜拉霉素、球痢灵、氯羟吡啶、尼卡巴嗪、地克珠利等其他6种药物具有完全抗药性。提示目前在扬州地区甲基三嗪酮抗球虫疗效最好,氨丙琳效果稍差,应合理使用,盐霉素等其他6种药物应慎用、减少或暂停使用。     

常山散效力试验用虫株的敏感性

为进一步验证常山散的抗球虫效果以及效力试验用虫株的敏感性,在百球清为对照的基础上,对效力试验用虫株再次以三字球虫粉为对照进行试验。试验分为常山散组、三字球虫粉组、攻虫不给药组和不攻虫不给药组,分别从攻虫后24 h(球虫入侵)和72 h(裂殖发育)开始给药,攻虫后168 h停止给药,观察药物对鸡临床症状、血便排出、盲肠病变的影响,计算抗球虫指数。结果显示,常山散和三字球虫粉给药后鸡精神状态和饮食欲基本恢复正常,血便排出和盲肠病变明显减轻或消失。攻虫后24,72 h给药常山散的抗球虫指数分别为163.04和161.67,三字球虫粉的抗球虫指数分别为174.26和170.71,均明显高于攻虫不给药组(84.78和81.13);2种药物攻虫后24 h给药抗球虫指数高于攻虫后72 h给药。结果表明,常山散具有较好的抗球虫效果,早期给药治疗效果更好,试验所用的柔嫩艾美耳球虫(广东株)药物敏感性较好。     

Anticoccidial efficacy of diclazuril against recent field isolates of Eimeria from commercial poultry farms

The anticoccidial efficacy of diclazuril, a novel anticoccidial agent, was titrated in laboratory experiments using recent field isolates of Eimeria. Fifty tests were conducted with six individual species isolates, and seven tests were done with a mixture of the six species. Results were based on intestinal lesion scores at necropsy, droppings scores, and weight gain. Diclazuril at 0.5 ppm was almost completely effective against E. tenella, E. acervulina, and E. mitis. Prevention of E. brunetti was better at 1.0 ppm than at 0.5 ppm. In birds infected with E. mitis. Prevention of E. brunetti was better at 1.0 ppm than at 0.5 ppm. In birds infected with E. maxima, diclazuril at 0.5-1.5 ppm significantly reduced lesion scores and droppings scores and improved weight gain, although lesions were higher than with other species. Oocyst shedding by E. maxima was almost completely prevented by 0.5-1.5 ppm. Lesion scores and droppings scores caused by E. necatrix or mixed infections were greatly reduced by 0.5 ppm of diclazuril, but 1.0 ppm was necessary to obtain full protection of weight gain. Results suggest that 1.0 ppm of diclazuril best prevents coccidiosis caused by six species of coccidia in chickens.     

腐霉素的安全性及药效研究

本文报道了腐霉素钠盐的安全性及药效的研究成果,包括大、小鼠及雏鸡急性毒性试验、蓄积毒性及耐受性试验、肉鸡喂养试验和药效试验。本研究的初步结果表明,腐霉素钠盐做为一种新的聚醚类抗球虫药物添加剂安全有效,最适宜的混料浓度为160ppm。