70周龄长顺绿壳蛋鸡HO-1基因在不同组织中表达差异研究

为研究HO-1基因在70周龄长顺绿壳蛋鸡不同组织中的表达差异,选取70周龄长顺绿壳蛋鸡9只（每种基因型3只）,采集每只鸡的大脑、肝脏、肾脏、卵巢、输卵管和子宫组织,提取其总RNA进行反转录,利用实时荧光定量 PCR方法检测样品中HO-1基因的表达水平,比较同一组织不同基因型及同一基因型不同组织间HO-1基因mRNA 的表达差异。结果表明,在同一组织不同基因型及同一基因型不同组织间HO-1基因的表达存在差异;其中HO-1基因在肝脏中表达量最高,且3种基因型间肝脏表达量存在极显著差异（P< 0.01）;白壳蛋鸡子宫中HO-1基因表达量极显著高于其他两种（P< 0.01）,纯合绿壳蛋鸡与杂合绿壳蛋鸡无显著差异（P> 0.05）。     

长顺绿壳蛋鸡雌激素受体1基因SNP与蛋品质性状的相关性研究

为加快贵州长顺绿壳蛋鸡选育与开发利用,采用PCR-SSCP和DNA测序技术对124只长顺绿壳蛋鸡的雌激素受体1(estrogen receptor,ESR1)基因进行多态性分析,并与其蛋品质性状进行关联性研究。结果表明,长顺绿壳蛋鸡ESR1基因中出现AA、AC和CC 3种基因型,其由于A(-999)C 1个SNPs所导致,经χ²适合性检验,基因型分布偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P<0.05)。基因型与蛋品质性状关联性分析结果显示,3种基因型个体间的蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋黄比率、蛋白比率、蛋壳重差异不显著(P>0.05),而AA与AC基因型个体的蛋壳厚度差异显著(P<0.05),在不影响其它性状的情况下,选择AA基因型个体可得到良好的蛋壳厚度,从而增强蛋品质。     

鸭血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）基因表达及对蛋壳颜色的影响

以35周龄产绿壳蛋巢湖鸭、产白壳蛋巢湖鸭以及樱桃谷鸭为素材,采集每只鸭的肝脏和输卵管子宫部,提取总RNA进行cDNA反转录,利用实时荧光定量PCR（real-time PCR）方法检测样品中血红素加氧酶（heme oxygen-ase,HO-1）基因的表达水平,分析不同品种、品系间及同一品种不同器官中HO-1mRNA的表达差异。结果显示：不同品种间,HO-1基因在肝脏组织中相对表达量无显著差异（P〉0.05）,在子宫组织中表达量巢湖鸭极显著高于樱桃谷鸭（P〈0.01）。不同品系间,HO-1基因在肝脏组织中相对表达量无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;巢湖鸭2个品系在子宫中的相对表达量差异不显著,但均显著高于樱桃谷鸭。在同一品种内,HO-1基因在肝脏组织中的相对表达量均极显著高于子宫组织（P〈0.01）。     

Polymorphism of A-FABP Gene and Its Association Analysis with the Productive Performance in Male Baicheng Fatty Chicken

In order to search the molecular genetic markers for breeding of Baicheng fatty chicken, the relationship between the polymorphism of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) gene and the productive performance of the male chickens at different ages was studied. Ninety two chickens with age of 6 weeks were randomly selected. The polymorphism of A-FABP gene was detected by PCR-RFLP method. In each genotype group, fifteen chickens with similar body weight were categorized, each group was randomly divided into three sub-groups with equal numbers. The productive performance of the chickens was measured at their age of 12, 18 and 24 weeks. The results showed that there were three genotypes of A-FABP gene:AA,AB and BB, BB genotype was the dominant genotype,allele B was the advantageous allele,and it was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.01). At the age of 12 weeks,no significant difference was found among the measured productive performance (P>0.05). At the age of 18 weeks, it was found that the intramuscular fat width of BB genotype was significantly higher than AA genotype (P<0.05), the abdominal fat weight of BB and AB genotypes were extremely significantly higher than AA genotype (P<0.01),and the abdominal fat weight percentage of BB and AB genotypes were significantly higher than AA genotype (P<0.05). At the age of 24 weeks, it was found that the body weight, intramuscular fat width and abdominal fat weight of BB genotype were significantly higher than that of AA genotype (P<0.05). Therefore, this results suggested that A-FABP gene could be used as a potential candidate marker for the association of fatty traits in male Baicheng fatty chicken.     

Effect of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicinal Polysaccharides on MyD88 Dependent Pathway Mediated by TLR4 in Lymphocytes of Chicken with Different MHC B-LβⅡ Genotypes

To investigate the effects of different doses of compound Chinese herbal medicinal polysaccharides (cCHMPS) on TLR4 and downstream MyD88 dependent signal transduction pathway components in chicken lymphocytes of different MHC B-LβⅡ genotypes,PCR-SSCP technique was applied to group layer according to different MHC B-LβⅡ genotypes.The peripheral blood lymphocytes of chicken with different MHC B-LβⅡ genotypes were collected,and added with 100,75,50 and 0 μg/mL cCHMPS (high,middle and low dose groups and control group),respectively,then co-culturing for 16,24,32 and 48 h.The expression of TLR4,MYD88 and TRAF-6 mRNA were detected using Real-time PCR method.The results showed that compared with control group,cCHMPS could significantly improve the expression levels of TLR4,MYD88 and TRAF-6 mRNA of different MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ genotypes chickens (P < 0.05);The expression levels of TLR4,MYD88 and TRAF-6 mRNA of AA genotype chicken lymphocyte in middle and low dose groups were higher than those of high dose group (except TLR4 gene cultured for 16 h);The expression of TLR4,MyD88 and TNAF-6 mRNA of BB genotype in high dose group were higher than those of other dose groups (except TLR4 gene cultured for 32 and 48 h);The expression of TLR4,MyD88 and TNAF-6 mRNA of BC genotype in low dose were higher than that of other dose groups (except TLR4 gene cultured for 16 h).There results indicated that cCHMPS played an important role in the body’s immune regulatory mechanism by binding to TLR4 in the surface of lymphocytes,activating the downstream MyD88-dependent signal transduction pathway,regulating cellular immunity,and cCHMPS optimum immunomodulatory does were different in each MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ genotype chickens.     

不同品种猪PBD-124基因多态性及差异表达研究

【目的】 克隆获得猪β-防御素-124（porcine beta-defensin-124,PBD-124）基因CDS区并探究其多态性,分析PBD-124基因在不同品种猪及同种猪不同组织内的表达情况。【方法】 采用RT-PCR方法扩增并克隆猪PBD-124基因CDS区,利用PCR-RFLP酶切法对大白猪、民猪和野杂猪PBD-124基因的Bln Ⅰ酶切位点进行多态性检测,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测该基因在不同品种猪肝脏、脾脏和血液内的表达差异。【结果】 试验成功克隆出猪PBD-124基因CDS区,长423 bp,共编码140个氨基酸,测序结果发现其存在c.257 G>A和c.263 T>G 2个突变位点,因2个突变位点间隔过近,可能存在连锁,仅对第1个突变位点进行酶切,大白猪中检测到GG、GA、AA 3种基因型,而民猪和野杂猪中仅检测到GA和AA 2种基因型,3个群体中AA基因型均为优势基因型,大白猪、民猪和野杂猪的AA基因型频率分别为0.5261、0.9412和0.6452,且3个群体均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P>0.05）。3个群体的多态性均不高,大白猪处于中度多态（0.25<PIC<0.5）,民猪和野杂猪则处于低度多态（PIC<0.25）。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,PBD-124基因在大白猪、民猪、野杂猪的脾脏、肝脏及血液中均有表达,且存在表达差异。【结论】 猪PBD-124基因CDS区长423 bp,共编码140个氨基酸,与参考序列比对发现2个突变位点,均未引起氨基酸突变;3个群体多态性均不高;PBD-124基因在不同品种猪及同种猪不同组织间表达均存在差异。     

牦牛不同组织SREBP-1基因表达差异分析

在不同季节分别采集青海省祁连县、大通县和湟中县牦牛的肝脏、肾脏和结肠,提取Total RNA,在逆转录聚合酶的作用下生成cDNA,利用Real-time PCR检测牦牛甾醇类调控元件结合蛋白1(SREBP-1)基因mRNA的表达水平。结果显示,牦牛不同组织中SREBP-1基因相对表达量由大到小顺序为,肝脏、肾脏、结肠。SREBP-1基因在不同季节中除了2016年春季的牦牛,其他的均以肝脏样品中的SREBP-1 mRNA相对定量拷贝数最高。不同季节间SREBP-1基因在2015年春季和2016年春季中相对表达量差异极显著。3个组织间SREBP-1基因在结肠和肝脏中相对表达量差异呈极显著(P<0.01),在肾脏和肝脏中相对表达量差异显著(P<0.05)。     

金茅黑鸡miR-206表达及靶基因预测分析

为了研究miR-206的组织表达分布及其在鸡骨骼肌生长发育中的表达规律，预测其可能的作用机制，本研究采集4周龄金茅黑鸡的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胸肌、腿肌和腹脂8种组织及2、6、10、14、16周龄胸肌和腿肌组织，利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测miR-206在8种组织及不同周龄胸肌和腿肌中的表达，利用生物信息学方法预测其靶基因并进行功能注释。结果显示，miR-206在公、母鸡胸肌和腿肌中表达量均极显著高于其他组织（P < 0.01），在腹脂、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏中低表达，为鸡骨骼肌特异性表达miRNA；miR-206均在公、母鸡腿肌和胸肌组织生长早期（2周龄）表达最高，之后表达量逐渐下降。靶基因预测和功能分析发现，miR-206共有356个靶基因，其中21个与肌肉生成相关，多个靶基因已知参与调控肌肉生成，包括配对框7（paired box 7，Pax7）、胰岛素样生长因子1（insulin-like growth factor 1，IGF1）、脑衍生神经营养因子1（brain-derived neurotrophic factor 1，BDNF1）、视黄酸受体（retinoic acid receptor beta，RARB）和卷曲类受体7（frizzled class receptor 7，FZD7）基因。此外，发现miR-206靶基因富集到多条已知参与调控骨骼肌生成的信号通路，包括MAPK、Wnt、肌动蛋白骨架调控和黏着斑激酶信号通路。结合表达数据推测，miR-206可能通过靶向调控Pax7、IGF1、BDNF1、RARB、FZD7基因和MAPK、Wnt等信号通路参与调控鸡肌肉生成。本研究揭示了金茅黑鸡miR-206的组织表达分布及其在鸡骨骼肌生长过程中的表达规律，并预测了其调控骨骼肌生成的可能作用机理，为进一步研究miR-206在鸡肌肉生长发育中的作用机理和表达调控奠定了基础。     

利用H/L值分析鸡抗应激能力差异

通过H/L值的比较,对不同品种鸡的抗应激能力进行评价。随机抽取如皋鸡、文昌鸡以及安卡鸡各80只,分别检测了41、56、71和89日龄的异嗜性粒细胞(H)、淋巴细胞(L)及H/L值。结果表明:(1)在41、56日龄时,如皋鸡与文昌鸡、安卡鸡相比H、L及H/L值呈极显著差异(P<0.01);89日龄的H/L值在文昌鸡和安卡鸡之间呈极显著差异(P<0.01)。(2)如皋鸡在41日龄和71日龄间H、L及H/L值呈极显著差异(P<0.01),其余差异均不显著。文昌鸡H、L及H/L值在各日龄间变化较大,41和71日龄间呈显著差异(P<0.05),41和89日龄、56和71日龄以及56和89日龄间呈极显著差异(P<0.01)。安卡鸡各值只在56和89日龄间呈显著差异(P<0.05),其余差异均不显著。研究初步表明家禽的抗应激能力存在品种间差异,如皋鸡的抗应激能力优于安卡鸡,文昌鸡晚期表现出较好的抗应激能力,随着日龄的增加,品种之间的抗应激能力差异会减小。     

A novel 86-bp indel of the motilin receptor gene is significantly associated with growth and carcass traits in Gushi-Anka F2 reciprocal cross chickens

ABSTRACT

1. A previous whole-genome association analysis has identified the motilin receptor gene (MLNR), which regulates gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying, as a candidate gene related to chicken growth.

2. MLNR mRNA was expressed in all tissues tested, and the expression level in digestive tissues was greater than in other tissues. Expression levels in the pancreas, duodenum and glandular stomach at day old and one, two and three weeks of age indicated a possible correlation with the digestive system. This suggested that the MLNR gene plays a central role in gastrointestinal tract function and affects the growth and development of chickens. Moreover, there was a significant difference in expression in the glandular stomach tissue between Ross 308 and Gushi chickens at six weeks of age.

3. Re-sequencing revealed an 86-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the downstream region of the MLNR gene. The mutation locus was genotyped in 2,261 individuals from nine different chicken breeds. MLNR expression levels in the glandular stomach of chickens with DD genotypes were greater than those in chickens with the ID and II genotypes. The DD genotype was the most dominant genotype in commercial broiler's (Ross 308 and Arbor Acres broilers), and the D allele frequency in these breeds exceeded 91%. The deletion mutation tended towards fixation in commercial broilers.

4. Association with growth and carcass traits analysed in a Gushi-Anka F₂ intercrossed population, showed that the DD genotype was significantly associated with the greatest growth and carcass trait values, whereas values associated with the II genotype were the lowest in the F₂ reciprocal cross chickens.

5. The results suggest that the mutation is strongly associated with growth related traits and it is likely to be useful for marker-assisted selection of chickens.     

Application of principal component and discriminant analyses to morpho-structural indices of indigenous and exotic chickens raised under intensive management system

The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationships between body weight and morpho-structural indices to predict body weight from their orthogonal body shape characters using principal component analysis and to morphologically classify the chicken genotypes using multivariate discriminant analysis. Data used were from 273 randomly selected 12-weeks-old indigenous chickens of normal-feathered (NF), frizzle-feathered (FF), naked-neck (NN) and Anak Titan (AT) genotypes. Phenotypic correlation among body weight and most biometric traits ranged from 0.227-0.876, -0.7-0.901, 0.034-0.968 and -0.207-0.849 for NF, NN and AT chickens, respectively. Factor analysis with varimax rotation of interrelated traits revealed three principal components which accounted for 83.1%, 74.4%, 78.8% and 76.5% of the total variance in NF, FF, NN and AT chickens in the order listed. Breast girth, keel length, thigh length, shank length and wing length were found to be the most discriminating variables to separate the chicken genotypes. The longest distance (72.54) occurred between AT and NF genotypes while the shortest distance (4.27) was recorded for FF and NN genotypes. Classification results showed that 85.2% of AT genotype was correctly classified into their source population. However, 22.7% of NF was misclassified as NN, while 33.3% of NN was misclassified as NF chickens. These results suggest that there is high rate of gene flow between these two indigenous chicken genotypes. Information obtained from this study may be considered useful in breed improvement programmes for selection, characterization, conservation and better management of Nigerian indigenous chickens.     

Effects of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicinal Polysaccharide Extraction on NF-κB,TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA Expression in Different MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ Genotype of Chickens Lymphocyte

In order to explore the effect of compound Chinese herbal medicines polysaccharides(cCHMPS) on immunomodulatory in different MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ genotype chickens,200 White feather broiler were chosen and PCR-SSCP technique was applied to analyze the polymorphism of MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ gene. The peripheral blood were collected according to the different MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ genotype,and the lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood and the cCHMPS were added with a final concentration of 100,75,50 and 0 μg/mL for co-culturing 24 h.Then the expression of NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6 mRNA in lymphocyte using Real-time PCR method were detected. The results showed that:Compared with the control group,different does of cCHMPS could significantly improve NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6 mRNA expression levels in chicken with different MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ genotypes (P<0.05), and when the cCHMPS concentration was 50 μg/mL,the NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6 mRNA expression levels in lymphocyte of AB and AA genotype chicken were significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05).The NF-κB,IL-6 mRNA expression levels of AC genotype chicken were significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05). The TNF-α mRNA expression levels of AC genotype chicken were significantly higher than the other groups when cCHMPS was 100 μg/mL (P<0.05).There results indicated that the cCHMPS could stimulate NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6 mRNA expression in different MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ genotype chickens,and the optimum immunomodulatory does were different in each MHC B-Lβ Ⅱ genotype chicken.     

Study on Expression Difference of IGFBP-5 Gene in Different Tissues of Kazakh and Yanqi Horses

The study aimed to explore the mRNA expression pattern of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) gene in different tissues of Kazakh and Yanqi horses.The expression of IGFBP-5 gene in different tissues of heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,small intestine,large intestine,cecum,intercostal muscles,longissimus dorsi muscles,brachialis muscle and gluteus in two horses were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR and compared the mRNA expression in the same tissues of two breeds.The results showed that the expression of IGFBP-5 in longissimus dorsi muscle and brachialis muscle of two breeds were significantly higher than other tissues including heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,small intestine,large intestine and cecum (P<0.05),and was the lowest in large intestine.The expression of IGFBP-5 in kidney,small intestine,large intestine,cecum,longissimus dorsi muscle and brachialis muscles of Yanqi horse were higher than in the same part of Kazakh horse,and among those in longissimus dorsi muscle and large intestine of Yanqi horse were extremely significantly higher than in the same part of Kazakh horse (P<0.01),and in small intestine and cecum of Yanqi horse were significantly higher than in the same part of Kazakh horse (P<0.05).The test was for further researching the biological function of IGFBP-5 gene,and it could provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of production performance of horse in our country.     

拜城油鸡公鸡A-FABP基因多态性及其与生产性能的相关性分析

试验旨在研究拜城油鸡公鸡中脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白（adipocyte fatty acid binding protein,A-FABP）基因的多态性及其与生产性能的相关性,寻找可用于拜城油鸡选育的分子遗传标记。随机选取92只6周龄拜城油鸡公鸡,采用PCR-RFLP方法检测A-FABP基因的多态性。每种基因型选取15只体重相近的个体随机分为3组,每组每种基因型个体各5只,分别在12、18、24周龄时屠宰并对生产性能指标进行测定。结果显示,在拜城油鸡公鸡中检测到A-FABP基因有3种基因型：AA、AB、BB,BB为优势基因型,B为优势等位基因,不符合哈代-温伯格平衡定律（P<0.01）。12周龄时,各基因型间各生产性能指标差异均不显著（P>0.05）;18周龄时,BB基因型肌间脂宽显著高于AA基因型（P<0.05）,BB和AB基因型腹脂重极显著高于AA基因型（P<0.01）,腹脂率显著高于AA基因型（P<0.05）;24周龄时,BB基因型体重、肌间脂宽、腹脂重均显著高于AA基因型（P<0.05）。推测A-FABP基因可以作为与拜城油鸡公鸡脂肪性状相关的候选标记之一。     

Toxoplasma gondii infection in sentinel and free-range chickens from Argentina

This study aimed at isolating and genotyping Toxoplasma gondii from serologically positive free-range chickens from Argentina, and to evaluate the use of sentinel animals during a short time period of exposure to determine environmental contamination with T. gondii oocysts. Two groups of chickens on six farms were compared in this study: (i) young, 2-3 month-old broiler-type chickens reared as sentinel animals on the farms and (ii) adult chickens reared on the same farms for more than one year. Seroconversion rates of 7.0% or 5.7% were observed in sentinel broiler chickens reared for a period of 74 days (January-April 2010) or 88 days (August-November 2010) respectively, as shown by a T. gondii specific immunofluorescent antibody test. Fifty-three percent (17 of 32) of adult chickens were positive and showed higher titres than sentinel animals. Isolation of T. gondii from tissues (brain and heart) of serologically positive chickens was achieved from six of seven free-range adult birds with IFAT titres of 200 and higher. The isolated parasites were analysed by multi-locus polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The isolated T. gondii showed three different genotypes: two genotypes consisted in atypical allele combinations, and the remaining genotype had exclusively clonal type II alleles. All isolates obtained at a single farm, corresponded to the same genotype. The T. gondii genotypes observed are identical to those described in cats, dogs, chickens and capybaras elsewhere in South America. Two isolates, which showed different allele combinations in PCR-RFLP, were characterized in a mouse virulence assay. While one isolate showed a low virulence a second isolate was of intermediate virulence to mice.     

Effects of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicinal Polysaccharides on Immune Signal Molecules Expression in Different MHC B-LβⅡ Genotypes Chickens Lymphocyte

This study was aimed to explore the effect of compound Chinese herbal medicinal polysaccharides (cCHMPS) on immunomodulatory in different MHC B-LβⅡ genotype chickens.MHC B-LβⅡ genotype was analyzed by PCR-SSCP method in 500 chickens.Collected the blood from different MHC B-LβⅡ genotype chickens,isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes,and added cCHMPS with the final concentration of 200,100,75,50,25 and 0 μg/mL cocultured for 24 h.Then the lymphocyte supernatant cAMP,cGMP,Ca²⁺,NO and iNOS content were detected by ELISA.The results showed that cCHMPS could increase cAMP,cGMP,Ca²⁺,NO and iNOS levels in chicken lymphocyte supernatant compared with control group in each MHC B-LβⅡ genotype chickens.And when the concentration of cCHMPS was 50 μg/mL,cAMP,Ca²⁺,NO and iNOS levels of AA and BC genotypes chicken lymphocyte supernatant were higher than that of the same genotype chicken,cGMP level of BC genotype chicken lymphocyte supernatant was higher than that of the same genotype chicken;When cCHMPS concentration was 75 μg/mL,cGMP level of AA genotype chicken lymphocyte supernatant was higher than that of the same genotype chicken;When cCHMPS concentration was 100 μg/mL,cAMP,cGMP,Ca²⁺,NO and iNOS levels of BB genotype chicken lymphocyte of the supernatant were higher than that of the same genotype chicken.cCHMPS could increase cAMP,cGMP,Ca²⁺,NO and iNOS levels in different MHC B-LβⅡ genotypes chickens,and the cCHMPS optimum immunomodulatory doses were different in each MHC B-LβⅡ genotypes chickens.     

QDPR基因克隆及其在乌蒙凤鸡不同生长阶段组织表达研究

旨在克隆乌蒙凤鸡醌型二氢生物喋呤还原酶（quinoid dihydropteridine reductase，QDPR）基因，并检测其在不同性别乌蒙凤鸡不同生长阶段各组织中的表达差异，以研究QDPR基因在乌蒙凤鸡生长发育过程中的调控作用。本试验对乌蒙凤鸡QDPR基因CDS区进行PCR扩增和克隆，并对得到的序列进行生物信息学分析，通过实时荧光定量PCR检测QDPR基因在4、12、20和28周龄乌蒙凤鸡公鸡及母鸡的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胸肌和腿肌组织中的相对表达量。结果表明，QDPR基因开放阅读框长度为417 bp，共编码139个氨基酸，编码蛋白为酸性不稳定蛋白，乌蒙凤鸡的QDPR基因序列与原鸡、日本鹌鹑和珠鸡的QDPR基因同源性较高；QDPR基因在不同性别乌蒙凤鸡不同生长阶段各组织中均有表达，其中，公鸡4、12和20周龄肺组织中QDPR基因表达量最高，极显著高于同一周龄其他组织（P<0.01），母鸡4周龄肝、脾、肺中QDPR基因相对表达量为所有时期最高，极显著高于12、20周龄（P<0.01），公鸡大多数组织中QDPR基因表达量随时间增长总体呈现出先升后降的趋势，母鸡为先降后升。结果显示，QDPR基因在乌蒙凤鸡内脏组织中的表达均高于肌肉组织，且公母鸡不同时期表达情况有所差异，试验结果可为进一步研究QDPR基因在鸡生长发育中的调控作用提供参考。     

湘村黑猪sirt2基因多态性及其与肉质性状的关联分析和组织表达研究

本研究旨在探索沉默信号调节子家族(silent information regulator 1-7,SIRT1-7)sirt2基因在湘村黑猪不同组织间的表达及其多态性与肉质性状间的关联性,以期寻找与湘村黑猪肉质性状相关的分子标记。采用PCR-RFLP方法和基因测序技术对湘村黑猪sirt2基因多态位点进行分析,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对sirt2基因在湘村黑猪心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胰腺、后腿肌和背最长肌8个组织中的相对表达量进行分析,利用SAS 9.4软件对sirt2基因突变位点不同基因型与肌肉色值、pH_(45 min)、pH_(24 h)、滴水损失、失水率、肌内脂肪、嫩度和眼肌面积进行关联分析。结果显示,在湘村黑猪sirt2基因第8外显子扩增片段中的240 bp处发现1处C→T碱基突变,编码氨基酸由精氨酸(Arg)变为半胱氨酸(Cys),为错义突变,并形成CC、CT和TT 3种基因型,CC基因型为优势基因型,C为优势等位基因,经χ~2检验表明该突变位点偏离哈代-温伯格平衡;该位点群体纯合度较高,有效等位基因数为1.301,多态信息含量为0.205,为低度多态(PIC<0.25)。基因多态性与肉质性状关联分析结果表明,TT基因型肉色L~*值和滴水损失显著低于CC和CT基因型(P<0.05),CC基因型失水率显著高于CT和TT基因型(P<0.05)。sirt2基因在湘村黑猪8个组织中均有表达,其中在背最长肌中相对表达量最高,与肺脏中表达量差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、胰腺和后腿肌(P<0.05),且心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和胰腺中相对表达量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。本试验结果表明,sirt2基因对湘村黑猪肉质性状的发育有一定影响,可作为影响湘村黑猪肉质性状的候选基因进行深入研究。     

猪BLM基因N端、C端的克隆及其在不同组织与疾病中的表达分析

为探究猪BLM解旋酶N端、C端的结构功能及其在不同组织和疾病中的相对表达量，本研究采用RT-PCR技术扩增从江香猪BLM基因N端和C端，利用生物信息学软件对克隆所获序列进行分析，同时采用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析BLM基因在猪不同组织及病样中的表达差异。结果显示，试验成功克隆了从江香猪BLM基因N端1 025 bp和C端1 300 bp序列，与GenBank中猪BLM基因序列（登录号：NM_001123084.1）同源性为100%；生物信息学软件预测显示，猪BLM基因序列长度为4 316 bp，包含4 280 bp的开放阅读框，编码一个由1 426个氨基酸组成的多肽链；氨基酸序列比对发现，猪BLM基因氨基酸序列与牛的同源性最高（85%）；结构域预测表明，猪BLM基因有DEXDc、HELICc、RQC和HRDC 4个结构域；系统进化树分析表明，猪BLM基因与牛亲缘关系最近；实时荧光定量PCR结果显示，以心脏为对照，BLM基因在从江香猪各组织中均有表达，其中在睾丸中的相对表达量最高，其次为肺脏、肝脏、脾脏、心脏、肾脏、小肠和大肠，在睾丸和肺脏中的表达量均极显著高于其他组织（P<0.01）；BLM基因在患繁殖与呼吸道综合征猪肺脏、患白血病鸡肝脏和患鸭瘟鸭肝脏中的表达水平均极显著或显著高于正常组织（P<0.01；P<0.05），提示BLM基因的变化可能也会导致动物疾病的发生。本试验结果可为后续畜禽BLM解旋酶原核表达载体的构建及其在重大疾病的发生和预防等研究提供理论依据。     

胰岛素样生长因子-1基因多态性与猪部分生产性能的关系

采用PCR－RFLP对南昌白猪（92头）和大约克夏猪（170头）的IGF－1基因的179bp片段进行了扩增，并用HhaI酶切，产生两个等位基因A（151＋28bp)和等位基因B（116＋35＋28bp)。分析了不同基因型对个体初生重、2月龄重、4月龄重、6月龄重、料重比、背膘厚和瘦肉率等生产性能的影响。结果表明，在南昌白猪中，AA型猪比AB型猪初生重大，差异显著（P＜0.05)；在大约克夏猪中，BB型猪比AB型猪的6月龄体重大，差异显著（P＜0.05)；AA型猪比AB型和BB型猪瘦肉率低，差异极差著（P＜0.01)。