新胞质优质籼型香稻不育系内香5A的选育与应用

内香5A是以N7B/宜香1B的F2代单株与新胞质不育系材料88A测交和连续回交转育而成的新籼型香稻不育系。内香5A败育彻底,育性稳定,不育株率和花粉败育度均为100%,农艺性状优良,异交习性好,配合力强,中抗至中感稻瘟病,稻米品质可达国标3级优质稻谷标准,2005年8月通过四川省技术鉴定。由内香5A与自育恢复系所配组合内香8518、内香8514、内香8156等在试验、示范中表现出稻米品质优良、产量高、抗病性较强、适应性广等特点,已分别于2006年通过国家或省级品种审定,应用前景广阔。     

优质香型籼稻不育系内香1A的选育与应用

内香1A败育彻底,育性稳定,不育株率和花粉败育度均为100％;农艺性状优良,异交习性好,配合力强,稻米品质优良。2003年8月上旬通过四川省技术鉴定。由内香1A与自育恢复系所配组合内香优1号、内香优5号等组合在试验、示范中表现出稻米品质优良、产量高、抗病、适应性广等特点,已分别通过国家、四川省品种审定,应用前景广阔。     

优质香稻不育系宜香1A的选育与利用

宜香1A是宜宾市农业科学院用不育系D44A作母本,（D44B/N542）F3选株作父本测交并逐代回交转育而成的优质香稻不育系。宜香1A花粉败育彻底,育性稳定,不育株率和花粉败育度均为100%,农艺性状优良,异交习性好,配合力高,稻米品质优良,2000年7月通过四川省技术鉴定。由宜香1A所配组合在试验、示范中表现稻米品质优良、产量高、抗病性较强、适应性广等特点,到2007年底止,已有33个组合分别通过国家或省级品种审定,应用前景广阔。     

优质抗病早熟水稻不育系早香A的选育与应用

早香A是内江杂交水稻科技开发中心从配制“1268B/177B(D香1B/D香2B)”保持系材料组合中选育优良单株与高原粳型不育胞质不育系88A测交和回交转育而成的优质抗病香型三系新不育系。早香A败育彻底,花粉败育度和不育株率均为100%;熟期较短,比宜香1A短12～15 d;抗病性强;稻米品质优。所配杂交组合早香优3203和早香优595已通过四川省品种审定。     

优质香型三系不育系晶泰A的选育与应用

晶泰A是以粤丰B与自育保持系中间材料9123（中9B/123）杂交制保后,再与中9A测交并连续多代回交转育而成的优质籼型三系不育系。该不育系花粉败育彻底、异交结实率高、稻米品质优良、有香味。2020年通过江西省农作物品种审定委员会审定。所配组合晶泰优粤农丝苗、晶泰优818和晶泰优莉香已分别通过国家、江西省和湖南省品种审定。     

抗稻瘟病籼型水稻三系不育系万9A的选育

万9A是以福伊B/宜香1B∥IR58025B的杂交后代作父本,以福伊A为母本进行测交,经过多代择优回交选育而成的水稻三系不育系。该不育系具有花粉败育彻底、农艺性状优良、异交结实率高、抗稻瘟病等特点,2013年7月通过重庆市种子管理站组织的技术鉴定。     

内香优3号与内香优13号

内香优3号 　　品种来源:内香优3号是四川内江杂交水稻中心利用自育的优质浓香不育系内香3A与抗病优质恢复系内恢99-14配制的香型优质杂交稻新组合.该组合稻米品质优良,稻米有清香味,抗性强,易栽培,具有优质、高产、高效特色,特别适应稻作生产品种结构调整对新品种的需要.2004年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定.……     

优质籼型水稻三系不育系镇籼3A的选育与应用

镇籼3A是以珍汕97A作母本,(中9B/内香2B)F8优良株系作父本杂交后连续回交转育而成的野败型优质籼型水稻三系不育系.该不育系综合农艺性状优良,异交特性好,育性稳定,于2018年9月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会鉴定.用该不育系配组育成镇籼优382和镇籼3优134分别于2019年和2020年通过江苏省农作物品种审定...     

籼型优质不育系绵2A的选育

绵2A是以绵2B（香改B/Ⅱ-32-8B//K19B）为父本、珍汕97A为母本测交和连接回交选育而成的野败型优质不育系。该不育系性稳定，花粉败育彻底，不育株率和花粉不育度均为100%，农艺性状优良，遗传性状稳定，米质优，柱头外露率高，易于繁殖、易于繁殖、制种，配合力好，杂种一代优势强、米质优。2001年8月通过四川省技术鉴定。     

早籼型水稻三系不育系盛093A的选育

盛093A是湖南恒德种业科技有限公司用宜香1B作母本,与xi-218B(中9B/德山B)杂交制保后再与中9A测交并连续多代择优回交选育而成的早籼型三系不育系,具有花粉败育彻底、株型好、异交习性优良、配合力好、米质较优等特点,于2012年5月通过湖南省品种审定。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

芸薹属多倍体与二倍体作物 花柱及角果的发育差异

通过比较分析芸薹属多倍体复合种与其祖先二倍体基本种在花柱、柱头大小、角果长度、宽度、种子直径 及种子干重变化上的异同,发现多倍体复合种在这些发育性状上表现出处于两个祖先二倍体亲本之间,或只偏向 于其中一个祖先亲本。同一个多倍体品种在不同发育性状上具有不同的表现,即在某一发育性状上偏向于其祖先 亲本之一,而在另一发育性状上偏向其另一祖先亲本。     

云南咖啡主要病虫害及防治调查研究

对云南保山、德宏、普洱等地咖啡病虫害开展调查研究,结果表明：咖啡锈病(Hemileia vastatrix Berk et Br.)、炭疽病(Colletotrichum coffeanum Noack)、褐斑病(Cercospora coffeicola Berk. et Cooke)、幼苗立枯病(Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.)、旋皮天牛(Acalolepta cervina Hope)、灭字虎天牛(Xylo     

Effects of crop density and tillage system on grain yield and N uptake from soil and atmosphere of sole and intercropped pea and oat

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) were grown as sole and mixed crops in various densities under two different tillage systems on a loess soil near Göttingen/Germany in a 2-year field experiment (2002/2003). In the conventional tillage system a mouldboard plough (CT) was used and in the minimum tillage system a rotary harrow (MT) was employed. The effect of crop density and tillage system on the grain dry matter and grain N yields, N₂ fixation and soil N uptake were determined to address the following questions: (i) which mixture compositions exhibit the highest grain yields compared to the sole crops, (ii) which mixture compositions also fix a high level of N₂ and leave low levels of residual inorganic soil N after harvest, and (iii) whether the intercrop advantage is influenced by the tillage system. For (i) the result in 2002 showed that the highest grain yields of both sole cropped pea and oat and intercropped pea and oat were achieved at the highest densities. In 2003, when the inorganic soil N content was higher and weather conditions were warmer and drier, grain yields were significantly higher than in 2002, but sole as well as intercropped pea and oat gave their highest grain yields at lower densities. For both years and tillage systems, the highest intercrop advantages were achieved in mixtures with densities above the optimal sole crop densities. The result for (ii) was that a distinctly higher proportion of nitrogen was derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) by intercropped pea than by sole cropped pea. However, the uptake of soil N by intercropped pea and oat was not reduced in comparison with that of sole cropped oat as the decrease in the uptake of N from the soil by oat at lower oat densities in the mixture was compensated for by the soil N uptake of pea. Additionally, the N_min-N content of the soil following the mixtures and sole cropped oat did not differ, especially in the deeper soil layers because oat in mixture was forced to take up more soil N from deeper layers. Therefore, the risk of soil N losses through leaching after mixtures was lower compared to sole cropped pea. The tillage system (iii) had no significant influence on grain yield and soil N uptake, but N₂ fixation and the competitive ability of intercropped pea were higher under CT than with MT. An additional result was that intercropping led to a significantly increased grain N content of both pea and oat compared to the sole crops. The increase in grain N content from sole to intercrop was from 3.30 to 3.42% for pea and from 1.73 to 1.96% for oat as a mean for both years and tillage systems. The present study confirms that growing pea and oat as intercrops highlights potential economic and environmental benefits which still need to be understood in more detail in order to exploit intercropping to a greater extent.     

Combined nitrogen and sulphur fertilisation and its effect on wheat quality and protein composition measured by SE-FPLC and proteomics

Soil sulphur deficiency, which is increasingly prevalent in Western Europe, lowers wheat yields, and also affects the gluten quality of the flour. Differences in S availability may change the proportion of S-poor to S-rich gliadins and glutenin subunits. This may cause unpredictable and unwanted variations in wheat quality. The combined effects of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertilisers and split application of S and N on wheat gluten quality and composition were investigated. The results revealed effects of S fertilisation on dough quality. At high N fertilisation levels significant responses to S fertilisation were found which emphasised the need for precision application of S in intensive wheat production systems. Protein fractionation by SE-FPLC showed that quality differences were associated with changing proportions of high M_r polymeric proteins. Changes in protein composition of salt soluble proteins were also confirmed by proteomics. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and one of the serpin protein spots increased at high N, combined with the lower S level. The enzymes also increased in samples with increased S fertilisation combined with low N, but was not changed at higher N levels. Furthermore, at high N the serpin protein spot, and also a 27 K protein and one unidentified protein spot decreased with increasing S.