许昌市人畜弓形体病血清学调查

弓形体病,系由弓形体原虫引起的一种人畜共患寄生虫病,流行范围广,危害严重,已引起世界各国的重视.该病1980年曾在我市许昌县的部分乡镇发生。据对该县4个乡44个行政村的调查统计,猪发病1016头,发病率为0.48%,死猪833头,死亡率0.93%。造成了巨大经济损失。近几年来,本市仍有零星发生,但对动物及人间的感染情况不清。为了有效地防治本病,保障畜牧业的发展和人民身体健康,1989年10月至1990年10月采用间接血细胞凝集反应(IHA)对部分县区人畜弓形体病感染情况进行了血清学调查。报告如下:一、材料与方法1.受检血清来源受检畜禽血清分别采自许昌、鄢陵和长葛县。鼠血清采自魏都区种禽场,人血清采自市第二卫生防疫站血库的农民献血员。共采集血清1060份。其中,猪400份、羊241份、马56     

上海地区马梨形虫病和伊氏锥虫病的血清学调查

为了解上海地区马梨形虫病和伊氏锥虫病的存在情况,我们从上海地区选择9家马场,共采集马血样219份,分别采用商品化ELISA试剂盒和平板凝集试剂盒检测马梨形虫病和马伊氏锥虫病抗体。结果显示,219份血清中,马梨形虫病抗体阳性血清有64份,分布于8家马场,平均阳性率为29.2%;马伊氏锥虫病抗体阳性血清有6份,分布于3家马场,平均阳性率为2.7%。调查数据表明,上海地区马梨形虫病感染率较高,需要加强对该病的防控,同时也要对马伊氏锥虫病进行监测。     

易门县马驴衣原体病的感染情况调查

马、驴衣原体病是由鹦鹉热衣原体和沙眼衣原体引起的一类危害严重的自然疫源性人畜共患病。该病呈地方性流行，以流产和关节炎、结膜炎等多种炎症病型为主要特征，是造成云南畜牧业经济损失的主要病原。为了摸清易门县马、驴衣原体病的感染情况，以便提供有效防控措施，笔者于2013年9月至2014年2月，随机采取10份马血清和83份驴血清进行衣原体病血清学调查，结果如下。     

奶牛新孢子虫病的诊断方法

新孢子虫病是由犬新孢子虫寄生于犬、牛、羊等多种动物细胞内而引起的原虫病。该病1984年由挪威兽医学家在患脑炎和肌炎的幼犬体内首次发现，1988年某博士将其命名为犬新孢子虫。犬新孢子虫的终末宿主是犬，牛、羊、犬、马、鹿、小鼠等均可作为中间宿主。     

猪弓形体病的诊治

<正>猪弓形体病是由龚地弓形体引起的一种寄生虫病。该寄生虫也可感染动物和人,中间宿主是哺乳动物和鸟类,终末宿主是猫科动物中的猫属和山猫属。据报道,1908年以后,陆续世界各地的人和动物中发现弓形体病。我们国家曾将该病命名为"无名高热",目前,该病存在范围比较广泛。该病以病猪高热、呼吸困难、腹泻、皮肤发红及神经症状,母猪的流产、死胎,胎儿畸形为特征。本病以5~10月份,温     

广西部分规模场禽网状内皮增生症流行病学调查

通过ELISA方法对广西6个规模场的874份血清样品进行禽网状内皮病毒抗体检测,结果发现血清抗体阳性率平均为79.63%;用PCR方法对6个规模场的18个批次的鸡痘疫苗和8个批次的禽马立克氏病疫苗进行禽网状内皮增生症病毒检测,结果18个批次的鸡痘疫苗检测出1个批次为禽网状内皮增生症病毒阳性,8个批次的马立克氏病疫苗均未检测出禽网状内皮增生症病毒。     

中国东北地区部分动物弓形虫病的流行病学调查

为了调查东北地区部分动物弓形虫病的流行情况,从东北部分地区共采集血清样本3 532份(其中鸡502份、鸭268份、鹅128份、警犬291份、宠物犬328份、马711份、驴738份、羊566份),采用改良凝集试验(MAT)检测血清抗体阳性率。结果表明:鸡、鸭、鹅、警犬、宠物犬、马、驴、羊的抗体阳性率分别为7.4%、9.7%、7.0%、30.9%、10.1%、25.0%、23.6%、4.4%。说明东北地区部分动物存在弓形虫感染,该病会对东北地区的人畜造成潜在的危害,并带来一定经济损失,应该引起相关部门的重视。     

化隆县巴燕地区猪肉孢子虫感染情况调查

肉孢子虫病是由肉孢子虫(sarcocystis)主要寄生于肌肉间引起的一种食源性人畜共患寄生虫病[1].中间宿主为牛、羊等草食动物和猪,终末宿主为猫、犬、狐、狼等肉食动物.人既是中间宿主,又是终末宿主,该病已被<肉品卫生检验规程>列为重要的寄生虫病之一.     

昂思多镇羊住肉孢子虫感染情况调查

肉孢子虫病是住肉孢子虫寄生于肌间引起的一种食源性人畜共患寄生虫病，以肉食动物为终末宿主。2006年笔者对化隆县昂思多镇屠宰场中的羊胴体进行了该病感染状况的调查，为今后的防治工作和肉品检验提供依据。     

青海省西宁市大通县包虫病感染状况调查

为掌握大通县包虫病感染状况，进一步科学有效地为防控工作提供详实有力的科学依据，本研究对2015-2022年的4 084份犬粪开展包虫病抗原检测，平均阳性率为6.66%。其中2016年阳性率最高，其后逐年下降。进一步对中间宿主采取剖检内脏调查患病畜，牛调查3 043头，平均阳性率0.16%，羊调查3 204只，平均阳性率0.94%，养殖人员调查464 807人次，阳性率0.012%。从检测结果来看，大通县包虫病在中间宿主和终末宿主间均有不同程度的感染风险，因此，各部门要加强联防联控，切断传播途径，保障人畜健康，维护公共卫生安全。     

Monitoring of West Nile virus infections in Germany

West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus that is maintained in an enzootic cycle between ornithophilic mosquitoes, mainly of the Culex genus, and certain wild bird species. Other bird species like ravens, jays and raptors are highly susceptible to the infection and may develop deadly encephalitis, while further species of birds are only going through subclinical infection. The objective of this study was to continue in years 2009-2011 the serological and molecular surveillance in wild birds in Germany (see Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 10, 639) and to expand these investigations for the first time also to sera from domestic poultry and horses collected between 2005 and 2009. All three cohorts function as indicators for the endemic circulation of WNV. The presence of WNV-specific antibodies was detected in all samples by virus neutralization test (VNT), indirect immunofluorescence test (IFT) and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The presence of WNV genomes was monitored in relevant sera using two qRT-PCRs that amplify lineage 1 and 2 strains. A total of 364 migratory and resident wild bird serum samples (with emphasis on Passeriformes and Falconiformes) as well as 1119 serum samples from domestic poultry and 1282 sera from horses were analysed. With the exception of one hooded crow, antibody carriers were exclusively found in migratory birds, but not in resident birds/domestic poultry or in local horses. Crows are facultative, short-distance winter migrants in Germany. WNV-specific nucleic acids could not be demonstrated in any of the samples. According to these data, there is no convincing evidence for indigenous WNV infections in equines and in wild/domestic birds in Germany. However, since a few years, WNV infections are endemic in other European countries such as Austria, Hungary, Greece and Italy, a state-of-the-art surveillance system for the detection of incursions of WNV into Germany deems mandatory.     

Serological evidence of West Nile virus infection in human populations and domestic birds in the Northwest of Morocco

West Nile virus (WNV) was recently detected in Culex pipiens mosquitoes in Morocco. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of WNV in humans and in domestic birds in two regions of Morocco by the detection of IgG antibodies. Blood samples were obtained from 91 human patients and 92 domestic birds from September to December 2019. All study samples were tested using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) and WNV neutralization tests (VNT) were performed on positive sera. Of all samples, 4 (4.39 %) humans and 4 (4.34 %) birds were found to be seropositive for flaviviruses by the cELISA test. The VNT revealed that three of the four human samples detected positive by cELISA contained neutralizing antibodies against WNV. Two bird samples were confirmed positive by VNT. These results show a significant seroprevalence of anti-WNV antibodies and therefore suggest the active circulation and exposure of human and bird populations in the northwest of Morocco.     

上海闵行地区犬和猫中西尼罗河病毒病血清学调查

西尼罗病毒病是一种外来的新发性的虫媒人兽共患病,近年来已经成为全球公共卫生的新威胁。采用ELISA对上海市闵行地区犬和猫中西尼罗河病毒的血清学调查结果显示,在所调查的7个地区中,犬和猫中的抗体阳性率分别达到4.6%和15.5%。本调查数据和分析为制定科学、合理的防控对策提供了技术依据。     

Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of West Nile Virus in Egypt

West Nile Virus (WNV) is a flavivirus, mosquito-borne infection and have public health importance worldwide. WNV infection have highly significant impact on animal and human health. The virus has been detected serologically in Egypt among equids. Therefore, the aim of the present study to investigate the serological situation of WNV among horse in north of Egypt and identification of WNV in vector. The serological survey was conducted on 500 serum samples that collected from horses from four governorates at north of Egypt. The infection rate was non-significant differed between four localities and the highest rate was reported in Qalyubia governorate (25.5 %) in comparison with other areas. Moreover, the WNV RNA was detected in mosquitoes and the obtained WNV sequence showed high similarity with Eg101 strain and characterized as lineage 1. The obtained findings confirm the circulation of WNV in mosquitoes and animals in Egypt.     

Incidence and effects of West Nile virus infection in vaccinated and unvaccinated horses in California

A prospective cohort study was used to estimate the incidence of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in a group of unvaccinated horses (n = 37) in California and compare the effects of natural WNV infection in these unvaccinated horses to a group of co-mingled vaccinated horses (n = 155). Horses initially were vaccinated with either inactivated whole virus (n = 87) or canarypox recombinant (n = 68) WNV vaccines during 2003 or 2004, prior to emergence of WNV in the region. Unvaccinated horses were serologically tested for antibodies to WNV by microsphere immunoassay incorporating recombinant WNV E protein (rE MIA) in December 2003, December 2004, and every two months thereafter until November 2005. Clinical neurologic disease attributable to WNV infection (West Nile disease (WND)) developed in 2 (5.4%) of 37 unvaccinated horses and in 0 of 155 vaccinated horses. One affected horse died. Twenty one (67.7%) of 31 unvaccinated horses that were seronegative to WNV in December, 2004 seroconverted to WNV before the end of the study in November, 2005. Findings from the study indicate that currently-available commercial vaccines are effective in preventing WND and their use is financially justified because clinical disease only occurred in unvaccinated horses and the mean cost of each clinical case of WND was approximately 45 times the cost of a 2-dose WNV vaccination program.     

Detection and molecular analysis of West Nile virus infections in birds of prey in the eastern part of Austria in 2008 and 2009

The emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) was expected in Austria since the initial discovery of the infection in neighbouring Hungary in 2003/2004. In 2008 six cases of West Nile disease were diagnosed at the Institute for Veterinary Disease Control M?dling, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), involving five goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) and one gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus), which were found dead in the eastern Austrian federal states of Lower Austria, Vienna and Styria, respectively. Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical findings suggested a WNV infection. Virus was isolated in embryonated specific pathogen free chicken eggs and propagated in mouse neuroblastoma cells (NA), in which a cytopathic effect occurred. The virus was identified and characterised by electron microscopic examination and molecular detection using RT-PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. The Austrian WNV sequences exhibited nucleotide identities of 99.9% to the lineage 2 WNV sequences described in Hungary since 2004. In addition, 71 sera of 14 different bird species were screened for the presence of WNV antibodies using a commercial ELISA: 43.7% of the tested samples showed antibody titers. Selected positive sera were also subjected to WNV neutralisation tests, in which the ELISA results were verified in 66%. The results of this study confirm unambiguously the presence of a lineage 2 WNV infection in birds of prey in the eastern part of Austria.     

Serologic evidence of West Nile virus and Usutu virus infections in Eurasian coots in the Netherlands

West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are arboviruses that are maintained in enzootic transmission cycles between mosquitoes and birds and are occasionally transmitted to mammals. As arboviruses are currently expanding their geographic range and emerging in often unpredictable locations, surveillance is considered an important element of preparedness. To determine whether sera collected from resident and migratory birds in the Netherlands as part of avian influenza surveillance would also represent an effective source for proactive arbovirus surveillance, a random selection of such sera was screened for WNV antibodies using a commercial ELISA. In addition, sera of jackdaws and carrion crows captured for previous experimental infection studies were added to the selection. Of the 265 screened serum samples, 27 were found to be WNV–antibody‐positive, and subsequent cross‐neutralization experiments using WNV and USUV confirmed that five serum samples were positive for only WNV‐neutralizing antibodies and seven for only USUV. The positive birds consisted of four Eurasian coots (Fulica atra) and one carrion crow (Corvus corone) for WNV, of which the latter may suggest local presence of the virus, and only Eurasian coots for USUV. As a result, the screening of a small selection of serum samples originally collected for avian influenza surveillance demonstrated a seroprevalence of 1.6% for WNV and 2.8% for USUV, suggesting that this sustained infrastructure could serve as a useful source for future surveillance of arboviruses such as WNV and USUV in the Netherlands.     

Spreading of West Nile virus infection in Croatia

West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen with rapid global expansion. The virus circulation is confirmed in many countries of Mediterranean Basin and Southern and Central Europe. In our study detection of specific WNV antibodies was performed in horses and cattle sera samples collected from October 2010 to April 2011. Serum samples were randomly taken from different parts of Croatia and tested by IgG and IgM ELISA. Positive serological results were confirmed by virus neutralization assay (VN-assay) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Results showed that WNV antibodies were present in 72 out of 2098 horse sera (3.43%) and 3 of 2695 cattle sera (0.11%). The highest seroprevalence was found in Eastern Croatia in counties next to Hungarian, Serbian and Bosnia and Herzegovinian state borders. In Adriatic part of Croatia positive animals were found only in the westernmost county, near Slovenian and Italian borders. Geographic distribution and number of positive horses indicated that WNV is highly present in Croatia and spreading from East to West. However, positive horses in westernmost part of country indicate possible second origin of spreading. Location of serological positive cattle supports the hypothesis that seropositive cattle could be indicators of high WNV activity in the respective geographic regions.