吉奥罗非鱼养殖试验

本文通过进行吉奥罗非鱼养殖试验,探讨和验证吉奥罗非鱼所的优良经济性状,并获得了显著的效果。在21．45hm^2的池塘中投放平均体重60g的吉奥罗非鱼鱼种48800尾,经192d养殖,吉奥罗非鱼平均体重为0．948kg/尾（最大体重为1．201kg／尾）,吉奥罗非鱼产量为44．98t,平均产量为31．02t／hm^2总产值为32．4万元,获利7．65万元,经济效益显著。试验表明,吉奥罗非鱼集成了吉富罗非鱼生长速度快,奥尼罗非鱼雄性率高、抗病力强等优点,适合于不同地区、不同环境的池塘养殖,推广养殖前景广阔。     

池塘主养罗非鱼套养鲶鱼试验

在0．2hm^2池塘进行主养罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus)并套养鲶（Silurus asotus)试验。共放养罗非鱼3900尾，平均体重75g；鲶210尾，平均体重75g。罗非鱼饲养95d，产量1760kg,平均体重531g，成活率85％；鲶饲养150d，产量118kg，平均体重750g，成活率75％，总投入13784元，产值24290元，投入产出比1：1．76。     

尼罗罗非鱼池塘精养高产实验

池塘规模化养殖罗非鱼效益显著，值得推广。本文报道了罗非鱼规模化养殖的技术和方法。从2004年5月19日放养8-9cm单性尼罗罗非鱼种27万尾，经过7个月养殖试验测定共存活24．84万尾，成活率92％，平均体重0．75kg／尾，最大体重0．81kg／尾。     

奥尼罗非鱼当年苗种池塘养殖达出口规格试验

在广西水产研究所那马中试基地进行了池塘养殖当年繁殖的奥尼罗非鱼苗种达出口规格试验。在1800m^2池塘中投放全长为3—4cm的奥尼罗非鱼鱼苗2860尾，经178d养殖，奥尼罗非鱼平均体重为O．75kg/尾(最大为1．1kg／尾)，平均体长为26．1cm(最大为29．5cm)，总产量为1750kg，平均产量为648kg／667m^2，养殖成活率为81．6％。     

罗非鱼池塘套养加州鲈高效试验

池塘无公害养殖尼罗罗非鱼效益显著,值得推广。为了提高池塘养殖效益,我们在河南省巩义市米河镇水产养殖场进行了加州鲈池塘套养试验。本文报道了尼罗罗非鱼无公害养殖的技术和方法。从2005年5月19日放养8~9cm单性尼罗罗非鱼种2.9万尾,经过7个月养殖试验测定共存活2.784万尾,成活率96%,平均体重0.763kg/尾,最大体重0.812kg/尾。     

尼罗罗非鱼池塘精养高产试验

池塘规模化养殖罗非鱼效益显著,值得推广。本文报道了罗非鱼规模化养殖的技术和方法。从2004年5月19日放养8—9cm单性尼罗罗非鱼种27万尾,经过7个月养殖试验测定共存活24.84万尾,成活率92%,平均体重0.75kg/尾,最大体重0.81kg/尾。     

罗氏沼虾、尼罗罗非鱼单养或混养的试验比较

将罗氏沼虾、尼罗罗非鱼单养与混养进行了生长比较，每种养殖方式设3个重要。单养罗氏沼尾虾放养密度为7只/m^2，单养尼罗罗非鱼放养密度1尾/m^2。混养密度为罗氏沼虾7只/m^2和罗非鱼1尾/m^2。罗氏沼虾放养规格为1～1.3g/尾，尼罗罗非鱼放养规格7～8g/尾，养殖5个月捕获。结果表明：罗非鱼单养和混养产量与平均个体重无显著性差异，总产量分别为2952kg/hm^2和2779kg/hm^2，平均个体重分别为350g/尾和334g/尾。罗氏沼虾单养与混养产量分别为1377kg/hm^2和961kg/hm^2，平均个体重分别为56g/只和32g/只。鱼虾混养总产量为3730kg/hm^2，比单养鱼或虾增产。     

东平湖区池塘养殖罗氏沼虾试验

试验塘共4口，总面积0．71hm^2，共放养虾苗21．5万尾。经过一个养殖周期，共收获成虾1591kg，平均产量2241kg／hm^2，平均体重23．8g／尾。总收人79550，盈利37300元，投人产出比1：1．88。     

大规格优质奥尼罗非鱼养殖试验

在2.13 hm2的池塘中投放平均体质量370 g的奥尼罗非鱼鱼种34 000尾,经124 d养殖,奥尼罗非鱼平均1.12 kg/尾,最大为1.81 g/尾,平均体长29.3 cm,最大为35.5 cm。奥尼罗非鱼产量38 050 kg,总产值30.9万元,获利9.1万元,经济效益显著。选用良种是基础,投喂优质饲料是关键。     

普通虾池对虾无公害(Non-Pollution)健康养殖试验

为寻求无公害健康养殖的途径,我们进行了普通虾池无公害对虾健康养殖试验。经过114d的养殖,试验池塘收获成虾总产量27,505kg,平均单产8,595．31kg／hm^2;对比池塘收获成虾总产量12,157kg,平均单产7,598．13kg／hm^2;试验池塘总产值66．01万元,获利27．04万元,平均每亩池塘获利5,633元;试验池塘总产值26．75万元,获利7．1万元,平均每hm^2池塘获利44,370元。试验池塘与对比池塘相比,平均单位面积获利增长90．43％。试验池塘由于采用了无公害养殖技术,成品虾各项规定指标均符合食品卫生安全标准,达到无公害食品要求。     

混养鲫鱼对罗氏沼虾种虾培育效果的影响

在3口面积各为0.3 hm^2、深度2.0 m的长方形池塘(1#、2#、3#)中放入体长0.7～0.8 cm的罗氏沼虾"南太湖2号"无特定病原种虾,密度为3.0×10~5尾/hm^2;养殖30 d时,2#、3#池塘分别混养质量3～4 g/尾的鲫鱼450、900尾,1#池塘不混养作对照组。经过近110 d的培育,1#、2#、3#池塘"南太湖2号"种虾的平均体质量分别达18.36、18.95、22.6 g,收获量分别达931.5、898.4、842.95 kg,饵料系数分别为1.36、1.53和1.71。试验结果表明,罗氏沼虾"南太湖2号"种虾培育池塘混养合理密度的鲫鱼,虽然影响种虾养殖产量,饲料系数增大,但培育出的种虾个体较大,饱满度较高,作为亲本可以为后期育苗工作的顺利开展打下良好基础。     

美洲鲥当年鱼种池塘大棚越冬养殖试验

于2017—2019年采用在池塘上方搭建简易保温大棚的方式开展了美洲鲥当年鱼种越冬养殖试验,研究探讨了越冬养殖相关的技术参数。结果显示:搭建保温大棚后,冬季池塘水温可保持在10℃以上,在美洲鲥当年鱼种(0+龄鱼种,平均体长12.45~16.65 cm,平均体质量27.29~66.41 g)放养密度为1518~2970尾/亩(15亩=1 hm^2,下同)和81.04~100.78 kg/亩的条件下,在越冬前中期(12月至次年3月中旬),日投饲量在0.8~1.6 kg/亩,越冬后期(次年3月中旬至4月上中旬),日投饲量也由2.0 kg/亩左右迅速增加到4.0~5.0 kg/亩。经过125~130 d的越冬养殖,鱼种平均体长达17.48~21.19 cm,增长28.04%~40.40%,平均体质量77.57~137.96 g/尾,增加了106.53%~184.24%,鱼种的体长和体质量特定生长率分别为(0.193~0.261)%/d和(0.585~0.804)%/d,日均增长量和日增重分别为0.036~0.039 cm/d和0.387~0.572 g/d;收获时美洲鲥鱼的肥满度为1.42~1.43 g/cm3,养殖成活率为89.29%~94.81%,饲料系数为1.50~1.65,亩产量为198.50~205.68 kg。试验结果表明,在江浙地区,养殖池塘上方搭建保温大棚后,冬季池塘水温(10~20℃)在美洲鲥当年鱼种的适宜水温范围,能获得较理想的越冬养殖效果。     

池塘养殖斑节对虾生长、发育与性成熟

为了解不同养殖条件下斑节对虾的生长、外生殖器发育、性腺发育及性成熟之间的关系,对其养殖进行跟踪调查研究.结果显示:①斑节对虾雌雄外生殖器官发育和头胸甲长呈线性关系;②不同养殖环境条件下,斑节对虾性成熟生物学最小型个体无显著差异.雄性精荚出现的生物学最小型个体为头胸甲长3.1 cm,体长11.1 cm,体质量20.0 g;雄性性成熟个体的头胸甲长3.7 cm,体长13.0 cm,体质量37.0 g.池养雌性斑节对虾的性成熟生物学最小型个体以纳精囊的发育完全(可与雄虾交配)为标志,其最小性成熟个体的头胸甲长4.3 cm、体长15.1 cm、体质量53.0 g,雌性性成熟个体为头胸甲长5.0 cm,体长17.0 cm,体质量75.0 g以上;③池塘养殖斑节对虾性成熟与日龄和养殖环境相关.鱼塭雄虾精荚出现的最早时间为日龄120 d前后,其性成熟日龄约为160 d;池塘养殖雄虾精荚出现的最早时间为日龄150 d前后,其性成熟日龄约为260 d.鱼媪雌虾最早交配发生在日龄165 d前后,性成熟日龄205～236 d,池养雌虾最早交配发生在日龄240～ 280 d,性成熟日龄295～360 d以上.     

Effect of substitution of maize bran with chicken manure in semi-intensive pond culture of Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger)

An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of substituting maize bran with chicken manure on the production of Tilapia rendalli semi‐intensive pond culture. The experiment was carried out at Bunda College of Agriculture's fish farm, University of Malawi, where twelve 20 m² concrete ponds of 1 m depth were used for 3 months from October 2005 to January 2006. A thin layer of soil was spread at the bottom of all ponds to allow growth of natural food. Each pond was stocked with 3 fish m⁻² of 10.71 g average weight. Chicken manure was used as the organic manure applied at 1.6 kg 20 m⁻² and substituted for maize bran by 25%. All treatments were replicated three times. It was observed that fish growth was higher in the 3/4 maize bran+1/4 chicken manure with a final weight of 25.1 g, followed by 1/4 maize bran+3/4 chicken manure with a final weight of 21.6 g. The lowest final weight was 19.3 g in the chicken manure only, but did not differ significantly (P<0.05) from the maize bran treatment, which had a final weight of 19.7 g. This suggests that the use of chicken manure would produce better results and may increase yield when combined with supplementary feed like maize bran evidenced by high survival rates of 80% and above in all treatments.     

The Culture of Penaeus semisulcatus in Israel

Growth performance data on Penaeus semisulcatus under semi-intensive pond culture conditions were collected in Israel between 1985 and 1987. In 1985, shrimp growth, from PL to 21.5 g, was accomplished in separate nursery and grow-out phases. Pond production during the grow-out phase was 3,000 and 3,943 kg/ha, and mean weight was 21.5 g. Shipments to Europe revealed a need to produce larger shrimp to maximize revenues. Any increase in individual shrimp weight at harvest would require new management practices. Juvenile shrimp (3.4 to 6.3 g) were held during the winter of 1986 in open ponds and restocked in grow-out ponds in the spring of 1987. Shrimp survival during overwintering was 12 and 15%. A maximum mean shrimp weight of 25.6 g and a maximum pond production of 7,451 kg/ha were obtained in 1987 using this strategy. It is possible that comparable pond production results and shrimp weight, but with higher overall shrimp survival, could be obtained by headstarting shrimp in greenhouses. Two major problems that need to be solved before commercial shrimp culture can succeed in Israel are the formulation of a locally produced feed and the out-of-season induced maturation and spawning of P. scmisulcarus .     

血鹦鹉的池塘养殖试验

为研究池塘养殖鹦鹉鱼(Cichlasoma synspilum×C.citrine)的可行性及其经济效益,以1~2cm体长的鹦鹉鱼幼苗为试验对象,在天祥水产公司一0.53hm2池塘,投放10万尾鱼苗,进行为期3个月的池塘养殖试验。通过对血鹦鹉的日常管理包括饵料投喂、水质调控,探究其池塘养殖过程中常见问题和解决方法,为规模化池塘养殖血鹦鹉探寻一条可行的道路。结果表明,池塘养殖血鹦鹉鱼类不仅能实现天津地区有限土地资源的最大利用化,而且也能降低养殖成本,实现利益的最大化。     

Effect of Using Low-Protein Diets in Semi-Intensive Pond Cage Culture of Tilapia,Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger)

ABSTRACT

An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of using low-protein diets on production of Tilapia rendalli in semi-intensive pond cage culture. This was carried out at Bunda College of Agriculture's fish farm, University of Malawi, where two 200-m² earthen ponds of 1-m depth were used for two months from February 2003 to early April 2003. Each pond had 6 cages of 1 m³ in size stocked with 15 fish, each 4.8 ± 1.2 g average weight and 6.7 ± 0.6 cm average length. Chicken manure was used as the organic manure applied at 500 kg/ha/wk and also acted as a control. All treatments were replicated three times. It was observed that fish growth was higher in the soybean meal-based diet, with final weight of 34.4 g, followed by sunflower cake, with final weight of 23.3 g. The lowest was 14.4 g in the chicken manure only, and cottonseed-based diet had final weight of 19.5 g. These results also agree with the specific growth rate (SGR) that ranged from 2.1%/day in the cages only fertilized with chicken manure to 3.6%/day in the soybean-based dietary treatment. The lowest feed conversion ratio of 1.2 was also observed in the soybean-based dietary treatment. This suggests that the use of lower protein diets that contain soybean would produce better results and may increase yield when combined with fertilization, as evidenced by high fish survival rates of more than 93% in all treatments.     

菊黄东方鲀与长江刀鲚池塘混养试验

为探索适合长江刀鲚的新的养成模式,于2020、2021年两个年度在主养菊黄东方鲀的池塘中进行了混养长江刀鲚的试验,每年养殖周期为5月中旬至11月底。试验结果:2020、2021年,菊黄东方鲀的单位面积产量分别为2 812.5、3 007.5 kg/hm²,收成规格分别为261.5、268.5 g;长江刀鲚的成活率分别为57.45%、66.90%,收成规格分别为38.6、50.7 g,单位面积产量分别为73.50、112.65 kg/hm²。试验结果表明,在菊黄东方鲀池塘中混养长江刀鲚不会影响主养对象的养成效果,且在不额外增加日常养殖生产成本(不单独投喂饵料或饲料)的情况下,能保证长江刀鲚的养殖成活率和收成规格,从而提高了养殖生产经济效益。     

盐碱地低盐水池塘网箱套养漠斑牙鲆技术研究

根据漠斑牙鲆(Paralichthys lethostigma)适广温、广盐和较强的抗逆性等优良生态习性,采用地下卤水、盐碱地渗水,通过合理淡水配兑使其适合漠斑牙鲆生理生长需求,在我国中纬度地区利用盐碱地低盐水养殖过洋、暖温性漠斑牙鲆。2004-2005年,利用盐碱地低盐水池塘虾池设置网箱套养漠斑牙鲆349.5m2,产鱼3.749t,产虾55.065t,其中2005年虾池设置网箱套养漠斑牙鲆306m2,产鱼3.245t,平均10.6kg/m2,平均全长34.0cm,体重527.4g,养殖成活率为90.5%,产虾49.003t,平均408.4kg/亩,平均规格11.9cm,养殖成活率为71.23%。虾池设置网箱套养漠斑牙鲆,可充分利用水体空间,促使池塘高产高效,提高养殖经济效益。     

水泥池养殖黄鳝试验

在纵向单砖砌成的水泥池内，放养尾重２０、２２ｇ的鳝种分别为２．６ｋｇ／ｍ＾２、３．４ｋｇ／ｍ＾２。池底泥垅打洞、栽植水花生等作鳝寄居巢及遮蔽物；挑选并以食盐水浸洗入池鲜种，药饵除虫；主要投喂蚯蚓等动物性鲜活饵料并喷拌光合细菌作饵料添加剂；定期观测调控水质；防治鲜病。