Papular stomatitis of cattle

A simple method using tissue extraction of Copper (Cu) in 8M nitric acid for 45 minutes at 100°C, followed by sample dilution and Cu quantitation by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy is described. The detection limit of the method is 16 μmol Cu/kg liver. The mean recovery of added Cu was 100.4%. This method for liver copper analysis correlated well with a method using nitric/perchloric acid digestion and atomic absorption spectroscopy (r² = .986) and is faster, less expensive and less hazardous.     

硝酸浓度对火焰-原子吸收光谱法测定牛奶中钙含量的影响

火焰-原子吸收光谱法是《GB 5009.92—2016食品安全国家标准 食品中钙的测定》的第一法,本文通过试验确定硝酸浓度对火焰-原子吸收光谱法测定钙离子具有负干扰的作用。当硝酸浓度<2%时,该作用随着硝酸浓度增大而增大,当硝酸浓度≥2%时,相同钙离子浓度的空白校正信号强度基本不变,因此牛奶样品经过微波消解的前处理,通过调整待测样品的硝酸浓度≥2%,可以有效地消除硝酸浓度对钙离子测定的影响,提高检测结果的准确性,更科学地评价牛奶中钙的含量。     

Effect of chronic exposure to excess dietary copper and dietary selenium supplementation on liver specimens from rats

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of chronic exposure to excess dietary copper (Cu) on liver specimens from rats and the effects of dietary selenium (Se) supplementation in experimental Cu toxicosis. ANIMALS: 60 weanling male Fischer 344 rats. PROCEDURE: Rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 15 rats each and fed 1 of the following 4 diets: high Cu (500 microg/g)/adequate Se (0.2 microg/g); high Cu (500 microg/g)/supplemented Se (2 microg/g); adequate Cu (18 microg/g)/adequate Se (0.2 microg/g); or, adequate Cu (18 microg/g)/supplemented Se (2 microg/g). Five rats per group were euthanatized after 3, 6, and 12 months, and liver specimens were obtained for histologic examination, histochemistry, metal analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, measurement of glutathione peroxidase activity, and assessment of lipid peroxidation, using quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) by the thiobarbituric acid reaction. RESULTS: Hepatic Cu concentration was significantly higher in rats fed high Cu diets (range, 9 to 18 microg/g of tissue [wet weight]), compared with rats receiving adequate Cu diets (4.0 to 5.7 microg/g of tissue). Rats fed high-Cu diets for 3, 6, and 12 months had mild multifocal hepatitis often surrounding necrotic foci. However, an increase in hepatic MDA content, indicative of lipid peroxidation, was not detected in these rats. Development of morphologic changes was not prevented by use of dietary Se supplementation. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Long-term exposure to excess dietary Cu caused mild hepatic lesions in Fischer 344 rats. Dietary Se supplementation did not prevent hepatic damage in rats with Cu toxicosis.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定奶粉中锌的含量

采用原子吸收光谱法测定多种品牌奶粉中锌的含量,对干法消化奶粉所用混合酸的组成、比例等试验条件进行了研究,其最佳样品处理条件为:硝酸-高氯酸(4+1)作为溶解用酸,1 mol/L盐酸作为定容用酸,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2%.     

Morphological and biochemical assessment of the liver response to excess dietary copper in Fischer 344 rats.

The aim of this study was to determine the amount of excess dietary copper (Cu) necessary to experimentally induce liver lesions characteristic of Cu-associated disease in Fischer 344 rats. Male weanling Fischer 344 rats of uniform age were divided into 6 groups (n = 5) and fed a rodent diet containing 18 (control), 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, and 2000 microg/g Cu added as CuSO4. Rats were euthanized after 3 months on the experimental diets and their livers processed for histology, histochemistry, Cu analysis (by atomic absorption spectrophotometry), and quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) by the thiobarbituric acid reaction. Hepatic Cu levels were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in rats receiving over 1000 microg/g Cu compared to the controls (means for each diet: control = 4.8 microg/g, 750 microg/g Cu = 39.6 microg/g, 1000 microg/g Cu = 111.2 microg/g, 1250 microg/g Cu = 389 microg/g, 1500 microg/g Cu = 509.4 microg/g, and 2000 microg/g Cu = 766 microg/g). Histological lesions increased gradually according to the level of dietary Cu. Significant morphologic changes (necrosis, portal inflammation, hyaline remnants) and reduced growth rate occurred in rats receiving over 1250 microg/g Cu. However, no significant differences were found for MDA levels between groups. The present study demonstrates that compared to other species, very high levels of excess dietary Cu are needed to induce significant liver injury in Fischer 344 rats. Increased MDA content was not detected in rats with morphologic evidence of liver damage, suggesting that lipid peroxidation may not play a major role in this model of Cu toxicity.     

Comparison of selenium determination in liver samples by atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that is often deficient in the natural diets of domestic animal species. The measurement of Se in whole blood or liver is the most accurate way to assess Se status for diagnostic purposes. This study was conducted to compare hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy (HG-AAS) with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the detection and quantification of Se in liver samples. Sample digestion was accomplished with magnesium nitrate and nitric acid for HG-AAS and ICP-MS, respectively. The ICP-MS detection was optimized for 82Se with yttrium used as the internal standard and resulted in a method detection limit of 0.12 microg/g. Selenium was quantified by both methods in 310 samples from a variety of species that were submitted to the Toxicology Laboratory at New Bolton Center (Kennett Square, PA) for routine diagnostic testing. Paired measurements for each sample were evaluated by a mean difference plot method. Limits of agreement were used to describe the maximum differences likely to occur between the 2 methods. Results suggest that under the specified conditions ICP-MS can be reliably used in place of AAS for quantitation of tissue Se at or below 2 microg/g to differentiate between adequate and deficient liver Se concentrations.     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定兔皮中的痕量镉

本试验建立了微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定兔皮中痕量镉的方法。采用微波消解技术,在阶梯升高温度和加热功率条件下,用硝酸和过氧化氢彻底消解兔皮样品,消解后的样品用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定微量的镉。结果:镉浓度在0～60.0μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数镉r=0.999 8;最低检出限镉为0.036 5mg/kg;对样品进行8次重复性实验,其相对标准偏差为3.147%;镉回收率在97.0%～105.8%之间。该方法具有操作简便、测定快速、准确度高的优点,适合于兔皮中痕量镉的日常批量检测。     

FAAS法测定羊奶中矿物质元素的含量

采用火焰原子吸收法（FAAS）分别测定羊奶中钾、钙、钠、镁、铁、锌、铜等元素的含量。结果表明,羊奶中钾、钠、镁、钙、铁、锌、铜的含量依次降低,且RSD均小于1．479,6。说明该方法测定羊奶中多种矿物元素的含量简便、灵敏、准确度高。     

采用微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定家蚕幼虫体中6种金属元素的含量

采用微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法,测定家蚕幼虫体中Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn 6种金属元素含量。结果表明家蚕幼虫体中不仅含有大量的常量元素Ca和Mg,同时也含有丰富的人体必需微量元素Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn,Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn 6种金属元素在家蚕幼虫体中的质量比分别为1 907.122、1 319.753、35.109、4.133、6.592、74.116μg/g。因此认为家蚕幼虫体适于作为药食资源进行开发。     

The post-parturient rise: A comparison of the pattern and relative generic composition of strongyle egg output from lactating and non-lactating ewes

Abstract

Extract

Madam: — From January 1984 to March 1986, this laboratory has undertaken a routine analysis of pasture plant leaf, maize silage, and lucerne hay for soduim. Preparation consisted of drying at 80°C for 48 hours in a hot air oven. The materials were then ground and digested in nitric perchloric acid. Sodum determination was made by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS).(2) Allen, J.E. 1969. The preparatin of agricultural samples for analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Varian Aerograph, 12/69: A-1010 [Google Scholar]     

硫化铜共沉淀火焰原子吸收法测定饲料级磷酸氢钙中的铅

硫化铜共沉淀饲料级磷酸氢钙溶液中的铅,经过滤分离,以H2O2-HCl溶解沉淀物,火焰原子吸收法进行测定。此方法具有分离完全、操作过程无损失等优点,基本消除了背景吸收干扰,具有良好的精密度和准确性,相对标准偏差不大于5%,回收率为94%～104%。     

贵妃鸡肌肉及肝脏中八种矿物元素的测定与分析

为了探讨贵妃鸡体内矿物元素的含量,开发安全的绿色营养食品,改善人们的膳食和提供丰富的营养,以及为其人工饲养的饲料添加剂配方与微量元素疾病(缺乏症或中毒症)的诊断提供一定的科学依据.本试验采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定分析了贵妃鸡胸肌、腿肌及肝脏中Ca、Cu、Fe、zn、Mn、K、Mg和Se八种矿物元素的含量.试验结果表明,贵妃鸡肝脏中Ca、Cu、Fe、Zn和Mn的含量极显著高于胸肌和腿肌(P<0.01),其他元素差异不显著(P>0.05).Cu、Zn在腿肌与胸肌中的含量差异显著(P<0.05),腿肌含量高于胸肌,其他元素均无明显差异(P>0.05).与地方良种庄河鸡比较,贵妃鸡组织中矿物元素Fe、Cu和Se的含量明显高,矿物元素Zn、Mg的含量较高,矿物元素Ca、Mn、K的含量与地方鸡种基本一致.由此可见,贵妃鸡中矿物元素Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Se的含量非常丰富.     

The effects of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate intake on tissue copper and molybdenum in pregnant ewes and lambs

Pregnant ewes (d 32 of gestation) were allocated to three treatments and given intraruminal controlled-release devices designed to deliver 0, 20 or 60 mg diammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) per day. Ewes given 20 or 60 mg TTM/d also received an oral drench of 120 or 360 mg TTM twice weekly commencing on d 86 of gestation. Liver and kidney samples were taken from lambs 48 h after birth and from ewes on d 18 postpartum. Trichloroacetic acid soluble Cu, ceruloplasmin and superoxide dismutase activities in the plasma of ewes were decreased (P less than .05) by TTM. Liver Cu concentrations were decreased (P less than .05), but kidney Cu concentrations increased (P less than .05) by 16-fold in ewes given the higher dose of TTM. Liver and kidney Mo concentrations were elevated (P less than .05) 9- and 30-fold, respectively, in ewes given TTM. Plasma glucose concentrations in ewes were decreased (P less than .05) by the highest level of TTM treatment. Lambs of ewes given TTM had a fivefold increase (P less than .05) in liver Mo concentration, but kidney Mo concentration was not affected (P greater than .05) and liver Cu concentration was reduced (P less than .05). In ewes, Mo apparently caused Cu to be mobilized from the liver and a Cu and Mo complex accumulated in the kidney. Some Mo crossed the placenta, but only limited Mo accumulated in the fetal livers. When given to pregnant ewes, TTM reduced liver Cu levels in the lambs but did not affect the concentration of Cu in colostrum.     

Copper toxicosis in the Bedlington terrier: a diagnostic dilemma

Diagnosis of copper toxicosis (CT) in Bedlington terriers by the quantitative and qualitative assessment of copper (Cu) in, and pathology of, biopsies has been largely superseded by a DNA-based assay which uses a microsatellite marker (C04107) linked to the CT disease allele. A retrospective study was conducted comprising 154 liver biopsies from Bedlington terriers with 22 matched DNA markers to compare the two methods in the diagnosis of CT. For the biopsy method, three categories (phenotypes) were identified based on analytical and morphological criteria: 'unaffected' in 83 samples (54 per cent), where Cu was much less than 400 microg/g, and there was an absence of visual Cu or liver damage; 'intermediate' in 18 samples (12 per cent), where Cu was less than 400 microg/g, and there was limited histochemical Cu and no/equivocal damage; and 'affected' in 53 samples (34 per cent), where Cu was greater than 400 microg/g, there was histochemical Cu and liver damage was poorly related to Cu content. In the DNA assay, which was used alone on unrelated individuals, the microsatellite marker failed to identify the CT status of any of the groups. Liver biopsy remains a reliable indicator of Cu accumulation and progressive liver disease in individual dogs. The microsatellite marker C04107 has a predictive value only when supported by a pedigree.     

Survey of the status of copper, interacting minerals, and vitamin E levels in the livers of sheep in Ontario

Livers from cull ewes and market lambs raised in Ontario were obtained to determine the status of specific minerals and vitamin E. Values for copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) obtained by atomic absorption and inductively coupled plasma--atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) were found to be statistically different but sufficiently biologically similar to allow the use of ICP-AES for screening groups of samples for deficient or toxic levels of those minerals. Toxic levels of cadmium were not found. Toxic levels of aluminum were found in 1 cull ewe and 1 market lamb. A significant proportion of both market lamb samples (40.0%) and cull ewe samples (50.0%) had high to toxic levels of Cu. In market lambs, Fe, Mn, molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), and Zn were not found to be important determinants of Cu level. In cull ewes, Fe, Mn, and Zn play a moderate role in the variability of liver Cu levels. Selenium was found to be present at marginal levels in 3.3% of cull ewe samples and in 42.6% of market lamb samples. Vitamin E was found to be low to deficient in 10.0% of cull ewe samples and in 90.0% of market lamb samples. In market lambs, only Mo was associated with Se levels, and no minerals were associated with vitamin E levels. In cull ewes, there was a strong association between Se and vitamin E. This survey demonstrates that marked nutritional imbalances of Cu, Se, and vitamin E exist in cull ewes and market lambs in Ontario.     

Dietary copper effects on lipid metabolism, performance, and ruminal fermentation in finishing steers

Sixty Angus steers (391.1+/-6.1 kg) were used to determine the effects of dietary Cu concentration on lipid metabolism and ruminal fermentation. Steers were stratified by weight and randomly assigned to treatments. Treatments consisted of 0 (control), 10, or 20 mg of supplemental Cu (as CuSO4)/kg diet DM. Steers were housed in pens equipped with individual electronic Calan gate feeders. On d 86 and 92, ruminal fluid was collected from two steers/treatment for IVDMD determination. Equal numbers of steers per treatment were slaughtered after receiving the finishing diets for 96 or 112 d. Gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, IVDMD, and ruminal VFA molar proportions were not affected by Cu supplementation. Copper supplementation increased (P < .05) liver Cu concentrations, and steers supplemented with 20 mg Cu/kg DM had higher (P < .05) liver Cu concentrations than steers supplemented with 10 mg Cu/kg DM. Serum total cholesterol concentrations were reduced by d 56 and at subsequent sampling dates in steers receiving supplemental Cu. Longissimus muscle cholesterol concentrations were lower (P < .10) in steers supplemented with Cu. Backfat depth was less (P < .05) in steers receiving supplemental Cu, but marbling scores were similar across treatments. Unsaturated fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle was increased (P < .05) and saturated fatty acid composition tended (P < .12) to be reduced in Cu-supplemented steers. Polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations were higher (P < .05) in steers receiving Cu. These results indicate that addition of 10 or 20 mg Cu/kg to a high-concentrate diet containing 4.9 mg Cu/kg DM alters lipid and cholesterol metabolism in steers but does not affect ruminal fermentation.     

新西兰娟珊奶牛、荷斯坦奶牛与中国荷斯坦奶牛抗氧化指标比较

在相同的饲养管理条件下,在冬、夏两季随机抽取3种牛的血液样品,使用可见光分光光度法、原子吸收与荧光分光光度法,分别对3种牛的抗氧化指标T-SOD、Cu/Zn-SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC、MDA以及血清微量元素Se、Cu、Zn、Mn进行系统测定与分析。试验结果表明:冬季,引进娟珊奶牛和荷斯坦奶牛的T-SOD、Cu/Zn-SOD、T-AOC、Cu、Zn、Mn均高于中国本地荷斯坦奶牛,差异显著(P<0.05),GSH-Px与本地荷斯坦奶牛比较差异不显著(P>0.05);夏季,引进娟珊奶牛、荷斯坦奶牛、本地荷斯坦奶牛的T-SOD、Cu/Zn-SOD、GSH-Px、Mn、Se差异不显著(P>0.05)。引进娟珊奶牛的T-AOC显著高于荷斯坦奶牛,差异显著(P<0.05);从对相同季节的分析可知,夏季引进娟珊奶牛,其适应性有一定的提高。     

不同饲养条件下海兰蛋鸡的肉心肝蛋中部分矿物质含量分析

研究不同饲养条件下海兰蛋鸡的肉、心、肝和蛋中矿物含量 ,以便采取合理的饲养方法 ,提高鸡肉、心、肝和蛋中的矿物质营养 ,为研制开发绿色营养食品提供科学依据。 60羽 7周龄海兰蛋鸡随机分成两大组 ,一组为对照组采用自由放养不供配合饲料 ;另一组则为试验组采取笼养并供给配合饲料。用火焰原子吸收分光光度法分别对鸡肉、鸡心、鸡肝和鸡蛋中 1 1种矿物质元素含量进行测定。结果表明试验组蛋清、蛋黄中的 Ca、P含量明显高于对照 ;而 6种微量元素在鸡肉、鸡心、鸡肝及鸡蛋中的含量 ,试验组也明显高于对照组。为人们合理膳食提供了科学依据     

上市肉鸡组织样品中铅、镉、铜、铬含量的测定

从江苏省某市采集上市肉鸡组织样品 ,采用微波消解 石墨炉 原子吸收分光光度法 ,测定主要组织 (心脏、肝脏、肌胃、胸肌、肾脏、腿肌、骨骼 )中铅、镉、铜、铬等重金属元素的含量。检验结果 :组织中Pb的含量以心脏最高 (1 3478± 0 531 2 )mg/kg ,肝脏次之 (1 1 2 6 3±0 534 0 )mg/kg ,骨骼最低 (0 1 0 1 8± 0 0 0 6 6)mg/kg ,样品含Pb超标率按上述组织顺序分别为 :1 0 0 %、 96 87%、 96 87%、 87 50 %、1 0 0 %、 81 2 5 %和 0 ;组织中Cd的含量以肾脏最高 (0 0 63 0± 0 0 2 0 2 )mg/kg,骨骼次之 (0 0 55 9± 0 0 2 0 5)mg/kg ,样品含Cd超标率分别为 :6 2 5 %、 0、 3 1 3 %、 0、 0、 0和 0 ;组织中Cu的含量以心脏最高 (8 492 7± 1 90 1 2 )mg/kg,肝脏次之 (8 462 8± 1 666 4)mg/kg ,腿肌最低 (0 8373± 0 741 4 )mg/kg ,样品含Cu超标率分别为 :1 2 50 %、 1 5 63 %、 9 38%、 3 1 3 %、 0、 0和 0 ;组织中Cr的含量以肾脏最高(1 642 5± 1 0 1 0 0 )mg/kg ,肝脏次之 (1 642 5± 0 61 97)mg/kg ,样品含Cr超标率分别为 :50 0 0 %、 62 70 %、 9 38%、 3 1 3 %、 0、 0和 0。检测数据表明 ,鸡主要组织样品中Pb含量严重超标 ;肝脏、肾脏中Cr超标较严重 ,Cd和Cu也有不同程度?     

野生型斜茎黄芪化学成分分析与营养评价

为探讨斜茎黄芪化学成分组成和评价其营养价值,本试验采用植物化学成分系统预试和专项预试,以及凯氏定氮法、索氏抽提法、比色法和原子吸收光谱法,对采自内蒙古阿拉善的野生型斜茎黄芪地上部分化学成分和营养成分进行分析。结果显示,野生型斜茎黄芪地上部分含有强心苷、生物碱、黄酮类、醌类、酚类、皂苷、有机酸、挥发油、氨基酸等,不含香豆素类、氰苷和硝基化合物;野生型斜茎黄芪干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分、无氮浸出物、钙和磷含量分别为91.15%、11.80%、1.28%、47.22%、29.87%、7.39%、40.81%、1.03%和0.16%。另外,矿物质元素镁、铁、锰、锌、铜和硒含量分别为1 803.62、250.06、25.62、25.60、4.98、0.02mg/kg。结果表明,野生型斜茎黄芪含有多种化学成分,营养价值较高,是一种可利用的植物资源。