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森林可燃物含水量模型的研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
森林可燃物含水量模型的研究何忠秋,李长胜(黑龙江省森林经营研究所)(东北林业大学)张成钢,马丽华,于力,段向阁(哈尔滨市森林植物园)(兴隆林业局)(得耳布尔林业局)森林可燃物含水量或可燃物湿度,直接影响着火的难易程度j间接影响火强度、火势、林火蔓延速... 相似文献
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森林可燃物管理研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
立地条件、天气和可燃物决定了森林火灾的强度与烈度, 三大因素中, 只有对可燃物能进行有效的经营管理。研究表明:1)过去60~100年, 由于森林结构和组成的改变, 可燃物载量增加, 易发生高强度的森林火灾。2)林火模型、实践经验以及现场观察表明, 在特定的天气条件下, 林火行为受可燃物结构与组成的影响很大。3)减少重特大森林火灾的发生就必须降低地表可燃物的数量、密度、连续性, 移除过度可燃物, 或改造植被, 降低森林植被的燃烧性等。4)可燃物处理有效期评估涉及林火蔓延、林火强度、烈度、火场规模和扑火能力的研究, 景观尺度手段优于林分尺度。 相似文献
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森林可燃物分类与模型研究的现状与展望 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
森林可燃物是森林燃烧的物质基础,是林火管理的基本依据.文中评述了森林可燃物分类、可燃物模型及其预测研究的现状,并简述了我国森林可燃物研究存在的问题与发展趋势. 相似文献
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森林可燃物含水率及其预测模型研究进展 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
森林可燃物是森林火灾发生的物质基础,其含水率的变化直接影响森林可燃物着火的难易程度。高效准确地模拟森林可燃物含水率动态变化的规律,对预测预报林火发生或林火行为具有重要意义。文中从可燃物含水率的影响因子、理论算法、预测模型3个方面阐述了森林可燃物含水率及其预测模型研究进展;指出了研究存在的问题;提出了可燃物含水率研究展望:加强野外定位观测研究,优化测定方法并强化野外采样和室内试验标准化工作,加强可燃物含水率时空异质性研究,加强观测尺度外推问题研究并构建含水率遥感反演模型。 相似文献
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森林可燃物是林火发生的物质基础和首要条件,而可燃物含水率作为森林可燃物的重要特性之一,是森林火险天气预报的重要因子,是影响林火能否发生的直接因素,准确测定森林可燃物含水率对开展林火预报工作具有重要现实意义。分别阐述森林中活可燃物和死可燃物含水率的变化机理及温度、相对湿度、风、降水、太阳辐射和地形地貌等因子对其影响机制,为进一步开展可燃物含水率预测以及数据库构建提供重要依据。 相似文献
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森林地被可燃物是引起森林火灾的重要因素之一,为了预测预报林火发生规律、林火行为和森林火险,以抚顺县8种主要林型为研究对象,对其林内不同类型地被可燃物载量做相关分析,并研究载荷量与林分密度、林龄、坡位等因子的关系,结果表明:地被可燃物载量随林分密度和林龄增加而增大;地被可燃物载量与坡位关系密切,一般下坡载量最大,上坡载量最小。 相似文献
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林火动态研究与林火管理 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
林火动态是一个生态系统可持续性的稳定指标, 准确掌握林火动态和可燃物特性是制定合理林火管理策略或规划的基础。林火动态与可燃物积累过程密切相关, 了解森林可燃物积累过程是开展林火管理的基础。文中综述了林火动态及可燃物变化的研究进展。林火动态受地形、植被和气候等因素的影响, 随着气候、植被和人为活动的变化, 许多区域林火动态发生了显著变化, 并影响可燃物积累过程及其空间分布。森林结构和可燃物组成的变化会导致火频度、火灾类型和火强度发生变化, 林火管理对策也需要相应调整。我国重点林区的林火管理策略也应根据林火动态变化和可燃物情况进行调整, 以适应变化的气候和植被条件。 相似文献
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The effect of thinning on microbial biomass C, N and basal respiration in black pine forest soils in Mudurnu, Turkey 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
İlyas Bolat 《European Journal of Forest Research》2014,133(1):131-139
Reducing the canopy cover (e.g., forest thinning) is one of the most commonly employed forest silvicultural treatments. Trees are partially removed from a forest in order to manage tree competition, thus favoring the remaining and often the most valuable trees. The properties of the soil are affected by forest thinning as a result of changes in key microclimatic conditions, microbial communities and biomass, root density, nutrient budgets and organic matter turnover. The aim of this study was to determine the soil microbial biomass C, N and respiration (basal respiration) in a black pine (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana) forest in the Mudurnu district of Bolu Province (Western Black Sea Region, Turkey). Whereas forest thinning was found to cause increases in the soil temperature, microbial biomass C and N and organic C, it was found to decrease the soil moisture, basal respiration and metabolic quotient (qCO2). As expected, soil organic C exhibited a strong impact on soil microbial biomass C, N and basal respiration. It was concluded that the influence of forest thinning on the microbial biomass and soil respiration was the combined result of changing microclimatic conditions and soil properties, such as forest litter, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil pH and soil organic matter. 相似文献
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Factor analysis and expert scoring methods were used to rank flammability of 16 major species of trees and shrubs in Daxing’anling area of northeastern China,based on 6 flammability variables,i.e.,air dry moisture content,absolute dry moisture content,ignition point,ash content,heat of combustion and extractive content measured on leaves,barks and twigs.Out of 16 species evaluated,for leaves’ flammability,Larix gmelini was the smallest and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica was the biggest;for barks’ flammability,Salix koreensis was the smallest and P.sylvestris var.mongolica was the biggest;and for twigs’ flammability,Populus davidiana was the smallest and Ledum palustre var.dilatatum was the biggest.The flammability ranking based on the integrated scores of leaves,barks and twigs suggested that Prunus padus,Betula dahurica,and L.gmelini were the top 3 less flammable species and that L.palustre var.dilatatum,P.sylvestris var.mongolica,and R.simsii were the top 3 more flammable species.This ranking agreed well with current standards and experience and should help the species selection for building fire-break forest belts in the study region. 相似文献
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对广东省蕉岭长潭自然保护区的阔叶混交林、马尾松林、杉木林、毛竹林、针阔混交林等五种典型林分的土壤水分物理性质进行了研究,结果表明:(1)五种林分类型土壤自然含水量、毛管持水量、最小持水量的排序为毛竹林〉针阔混交林〉马尾松林〉杉木林〉阔叶混交林;非毛管孔隙度和非毛管持水量的排序为针阔混交林〉阔叶混交林〉杉木林〉马尾松林〉毛竹林。(2)五种林分的非毛管孔隙度;阔叶混交林、杉木林、针阔混交林的总孔隙度;阔叶混交林的毛管持水量、最大持水量、最小持水量、非毛管持水量;针阔混交林的自然含水量、毛管持水量、最大持水量、最小持水量、非毛管持水量都是随着土层深度的增加而减少。阔叶混交林、毛竹林、杉木林、针阔混交林的土壤容重是随土层深度的增加而增加。(3)同一土层不同林分间的容重、孔隙度、自然含水量、最大持水量、毛管持水量、非毛管持水量和最小持水量都没有显著差异,而同一林分的物理性质和持水特性在不同土层之间存在显著差异。 相似文献
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Conservation of forest biodiversity and ecosystem properties in a pastoral landscape of the Ecuadorian Andes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
High Andean cloud forests are home to a diversity of unique wildlife and are important providers of ecosystem services to people in the Andean regions. The extent of these cloud forests has been widely reduced through conversion to pasture for livestock, which threatens the forests’ ability to support biodiversity and provide ecosystem services. This paper explores whether impacts on woody plant biodiversity and four ecosystem properties (woody plant species richness, juvenile timber tree abundance, soil organic matter content and soil moisture) from converting forest to pasture can be mitigated if some woody forest vegetation is maintained within pastures. Woody vegetation in pastures was found to conserve those woody plant species that are more tolerant to exposure and grazing, but conservation of the high montane cloud forest community required areas of forest from which livestock were restricted. The sampled sites clustered according to woody plant species cover; these clusters represented a gradient from pasture with patches of shrubs to mature forest. Clusters differed in both woody plant species richness and number of juvenile timber trees whereas soil organic matter and soil moisture were observed to be similar among all clusters. This suggests that the different habitats may have some equivalent ecosystem properties. We conclude that the presence of woody vegetation in pastures may reduce some of the impacts of converting forest to pasture, but should not be considered a substitute for protecting large areas of forest, which are essential for maintaining woody plant species diversity in high Andean cloud forest. 相似文献
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Water holding effect of subalpine dark coniferous forest soil in Gongga Mountain, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由于土壤性质和腐殖质含量的不同,土壤的含水量并不能很好地说明是否适宜植物的生长。本研究以土壤PF(表示土壤的水分状态,与植物的生长发育有密切关系的数值)为主要研究依据,将土壤含水率和PF联系起来,定量研究了贡嘎山地区亚高山暗针叶林不同演替阶段土壤的含水率与PF值之间的相互作用关系。研究结果表明:①在相同的PF时,随着暗针叶林演替的进展,土壤腐殖质层的含水率逐渐增加,即过熟林>成熟林>中龄林>幼龄林。②随着土层深度的增加,土壤容重增加,含水率减小,但各植被演替阶段之间土壤含水率差异并不显著。③植被不同演替系列主要是通过提高其土壤有机质含量,改善土壤结构,降低土壤容重和增加土壤毛管孔隙度等土壤物理特性,改善土壤的蓄水和持水性能。④本区暗针叶林土壤腐殖质层涵养水源作用最为明显。图1表2参15。 相似文献