籼型杂交早稻优I66的选育与应用

优Ｉ６６是中国水稻研究所用印水型不育系优ＩＡ与早籼恢复系６６配组选育而成的籼型杂交早稻新组合，该组合俱有产量高，抗稻瘟病，米质优，制种易获高产，适应性广等特点，适宜在长江以南各省和桂北、粤北、闽北作双季早稻种植。１９９７年３月通过江西省品种审定委员会审定。     

籼型杂交早稻新组合优Ⅰ98的选育

优Ⅰ98是中国水稻所用优ⅠA与早籼恢复系98配组而成的籼型杂交早稻新组合。该组合具有产量高、抗稻瘟病和褐飞虱、米质较优、制种易获高产等特点。于2000年4月通过浙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

籼型杂交早稻优Ⅰ66的引进与应用

闽西北山区是福建省主要产粮区 ,自 90年代以来 ,杂交早稻面积约占早稻总面积的 80 %。为了进一步优化早稻品种结构 ,提高品质 ,增加效益 ,解决目前杂交早稻生产中存在的组合单一 ,生育期偏长、米质较差、品种抗性退化等问题。 1994年始南平市农科所向全国广泛征集早熟、优质、丰产、抗病的早杂优新组合 ,但大部分早杂优组合在闽北表现早而不优或优而不早、抗稻瘟病弱等缺点。 1996年南平所引进中国水稻所选育的优Ⅰ 6 6进行试验、示范种植 ,该组合具备了早熟、高产稳产、优质、抗稻瘟病等特点 ,2 0 0 1年 2月通过福建省品种审定委员会审定…     

高产杂交早稻新组合先农1号

先农1号系江西省种子公司与兴国县种子公司合作用优ⅠA与自育恢复系先恢1号配组育成的杂交早稻新组合,具有产量高、适应性广等特点。2005年12月通过江西省农作物品种审定委员会审定,2006年8月通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

Ⅰ优66春制高产技术总结

Ⅰ优66系中国水稻所育成的籼型三系早稻组合,1 997年通过江西省品种审定,在江西已大面积推广应用.总结介绍了近几年该组合春季大面积制种平均单产2.65 t/hm2,高产丘达4.5 t/hm2的技术经验.     

籼型杂交早稻协优9279的选育与应用

协优９２７９是安徽省杂交早稻选育协作攻关组用协青早Ａ与恢复系Ｒ９２７９配组的籼型杂交早稻新组合。该组合具有熟期早、丰产稳产、米质较优、抗稻瘟性强等优点，适宜在安徽沿江双季稻区作早稻应用。１９９７年通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会审定并定名为皖稻６５号。     

灿型杂交早稻协优9279的选育与应用

协优９２７９是安徽省杂交早稻选育协作攻关组用摆青早Ａ为恢复系Ｒ９２７９配组的灿型杂交早稻新组合,该组合具有熟期早、丰产稳定、米质较优、护妥瘟性强等优点,适宜 安徽沿江双季稻区作早稻应用。１９９７年通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会审定并定名为皖稻６８号。     

籼型杂交早稻新组合优I98的选育

优I98是中国水稻所用优IA与早籼恢复系98配组而成的籼型杂交早稻新组合。该组合具有产量高、抗稻瘟病和褐飞虱、米质较优、制种易获高产等特点。于2000年4月通过浙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

两系杂交稻株两优22特征特性与栽培技术

株两优22是籼型两系杂交水稻品种,2012年通过国家品种审定。在福鼎市作双季早稻种植,表现生育期适中、丰产性好、耐肥抗倒、抗病性较强等特点。总结了其在福鼎作双季早稻种植表现及高产栽培技术。     

高产杂交早稻新组合株两优173的特征特性与栽培、制种技术

株两优173是中国水稻研究所和湖南金健种业有限公司用两系不育系株1S与恢复系R173配组育成的籼型两系杂交早稻新组合,2010年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。该组合表现优势强,具有高产稳产、抗性较好、适应性广等特点,适宜在湖南、江西、浙江、湖北、安徽南部等长江中下游双季稻区作早稻种植。     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).     

Marine Pharmacology in 2009–2011: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial,Antidiabetic, Antifungal,Anti-Inflammatory,Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis,and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems,and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action ?

The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.     

Recent Modifications of Chitosan for Adsorption Applications: A Critical and Systematic Review

Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase).     

Pharmacokinetics of Marine-Derived Drugs

Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future.