一例鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离与鉴定

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的病原为鸭疫里默氏杆菌（Riemerella anatipestifer,RA）,主要侵害2～7周龄的雏鸭,也可侵害雏鹅、雏火鸡及野鸭等多种雏禽。该病呈急性或慢性败血症,常见症状为精神沉郁、流眼泪和流鼻液、轻度咳嗽和打喷嚏、排绿色稀粪、共济失调、头颈震颤和昏迷。其特征性病理变化为纤维素性心包炎、肝周炎、气囊炎、干酪性输卵管炎和脑膜炎。急性病鸭死亡率高,慢性病鸭消瘦,死淘率高。到目前为止,美国、英国、西班牙等均有关于本病的报道,我国郭玉璞等自1982年在北京首次发现本病以来,全国许多省区相继有此病发生的报道。鸭疫里默氏杆菌病发病率5％～90％,     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的临床症状、诊断与防治

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病是由鸭疫里默氏杆菌感染引起的鸭、鹅等家禽的一种接触性传染性,临床症状以纤维素性心包炎、肝周炎为主,可导致患病家禽体重降低、产蛋量下降,甚至死亡,从而造成严重的经济损失.本文对鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的流行病学、临床症状、诊治方法和预防措施等方面进行综述,旨在为日常生产中鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的防治工作提供参考.     

雏鹅感染鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的诊治与体会

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病,亦称鸭传染性浆膜炎病,是由鸭疫里默氏杆菌引起的主要危害雏鸭的一种接触性传染病。病鸭往往表现为精神萎靡不振,食欲减退或废食,拉黄白色或白绿色稀粪,共济失调等临床症状及纤维素性心包炎、肝周炎、气囊炎等病理变化。该病主要侵害雏鸭,是当前危害养鸭业的重要传染病之一。雏鸭感染鸭疫里默氏杆菌病在实际生产中较多见,有关诊治报道不时见于报端,但雏鹅感染该病报道则相对较少。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的诊断与防治

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病 ,原称鸭疫巴氏杆菌病 ,又名鸭传染性浆膜炎 ,是由鸭疫里默氏杆菌所致的鸭的一种接触性传染病。本病呈急性或慢性经过 ,以纤维素性心包炎、肝周炎、气囊炎和脑膜炎为特征。自 1 932年美国Ｈｅｎｄｒｉｃｋｓｏｎ等人首次报道在纽约州长岛 3个鸭场发生该病以来 ,英国、加拿大、挪威等国相继有此病的报道。我国 1 982年由郭玉蹼在北京首次报道鸭疫巴氏杆菌病后 ,广东、黑龙江、湖北、上海、广西等地相继发生此病。2 0 0 1年 5月 ,山东省荷泽市郓城县某商品代肉鸭养殖场发生此病 ,造成严重损失。通过病理剖检、细菌分离培养 ,…     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病病原及防制的研究进展

鸭疫里默氏杆菌（Riemerella anafipesfifer,RA）病,又称为“鸭疫巴氏杆菌病”、“鸭传染性浆膜炎”,是鸭的一种常见的细菌性传染病,主要侵害1—7周龄雏鸭,以纤维素性心包炎、肝周炎、气囊炎为主要的病理特征。由于该病引起的高死亡率和淘汰率,给养鸭业造成严重的经济损失,成为目前危害养鸭业最为严重的疾病之一。迄今为止,几乎所有的养鸭国家和地区均有该病发生的报道。我国郭玉璞等（1982）在北京首次发现此病以来,全国许多省区亦相继有此病发生的报道。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的流行病学调查诊治

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病又称鸭传染性浆膜炎,其病原为鸭疫里默氏杆菌、革兰氏阴性菌.该病是近几年造成肉鸭严重死亡的主要疾病之一.笔者对门诊资料记载的171例鸭病进行了统计分析,其中鸭疫里默氏杆菌病83例,占48.54%,现将该病的流行病学调查和诊断治疗情况报道如下:     

一例鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的诊断报告

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病又名鸭传染性浆膜炎,是由鸭疫里默氏杆菌引起的侵害雏鸭的一种慢性或急性败血性传染病,其特征是引起雏鸭纤维素性心包炎、肝周炎、气囊炎和关节炎。2019年3月,隆安县丁当镇某鸭场发生咳嗽、拉稀和剖检呈现典型“三炎”病变的病例,经发病情况调查、临床检查和实验室诊断,确诊为鸭疫里默氏杆菌病。现将情况报告如下。     

中西药结合治疗鸭疫里默氏杆菌病

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病又称鸭传染性浆膜炎,是由鸭疫里默氏杆菌侵害雏鸭所引起的一种细菌性传染病.感染鸭以纤维素性心包炎、肝周炎、气囊炎、干酪样输卵管炎和脑膜炎为特征.由于该病的高死亡率,高淘汰率,已成为养鸭业经济损失的重要疫病之一.     

广东地区鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离鉴定及双重PCR检测方法的建立

对来自广东地区疑似鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的病鸭组织进行了病原菌的分离培养和生化鉴定,确定得到20株鸭疫里默氏杆菌,动物回归试验结果表明,分离的鸭疫里默氏杆菌具有很强的致病性.对这20株鸭疫里默氏杆菌进行的药敏试验表明,分离株已广泛产生耐药性.参照已经发表的2对引物以细菌全菌体为模板建立双重PCR方法,结果均能扩增出2条目的片段,经测序证实为鸭疫里默氏杆菌,而对鸭源大肠杆菌、鸭源禽多杀性巴氏杆菌、鸭源沙门菌和鸭源葡萄球菌的扩增结果均为阴性.说明建立的双重PCR方法能快速、准确的检测出鸭疫里默氏杆菌,并具有高度特异性,可用于鸭疫里默氏杆菌的快速鉴定和快速诊断.     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌的血清型鉴定及疫苗研制

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病是由鸭疫里默氏杆菌引起的主要侵害1-7周龄雏鸭的一种接触性传染病。由于本病的高死亡率、致感染鸭体重减轻和高淘汰率，使其成为目前危害养鸭业最为严重的疾病之一。该病最早发现于美国纽约州的长岛，现几乎各养鸭国家和地区均有该病的存在，世界范围内公开报道的鸭疫里默氏杆菌共有21个血清型。我国1982年郭玉等首次报道了北京郊区的北京鸭发生鸭疫里默氏杆菌病。我们自1997年以来，在镇江市郊的谏壁、大港、     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。