不同光温反应型配组的籼粳交F1杂种优势的研究

 对早籼／早粳、早籼／中粳、早籼／晚粳、中籼／中粳和中籼／晚粳五种配组方式不完全双列杂交的杂种优势分析表明，株高、剑叶长、主穗长和主穗总粒数等性状的群体平均优势和群体超亲优势较强，Ｆ１性状平均基因型值预测认为，早籼／晚粳和中籼／晚粳杂种株高过高和抽穗偏迟，早籼／早粳配组生育期过短和穗小粒少，综合性状以中籼／中粳和早籼／中粳方式较为优良。Ｆ１性状间显性相关分析表明五种配组方式在株高、抽穗天数、剑叶长、主穗长和主穗总粒数五个性状间均存在显著的正相关，籼粳杂种表现的德大粒多同时伴有植株偏高、抽穗延迟和剑叶过披等倾向，但这种关联性在早籼／早粳或中籼／中粳配组中程度相对较低。     

水稻主要农艺性状的冷水反应遗传分析

利用10个水稻品种配制45个半双列杂交组合,并在冷水处理下探讨了水稻主要农艺性状的冷水反应差异、配合力和遗传参数,以及冷水反应指数间的相关关系。研究表明,抽穗天数、秆长、穗长、穗粒数、结实率和穗颈长等农艺性状冷水反应的一般配合力和特殊配合力均呈显著,且一般配合力的变异大于特殊配合力的变异;水稻品种的冷水反应有着明显的差异,其中通88 7、高产102和TR22183等品种的冷水反应较迟钝,并对主要农艺性状的冷水反应指数（CRI）具有较高的一般配合力。亲本中控制秆长及其CRI值的正、负等位基因的频率基本相等,显隐性基因频率基本相同;秆长的表现型值及其CRI值受少数主效基因控制,具有较高的狭义遗传力。穗粒数、穗颈长和结实率及其CRI值与秆长的CRI值呈显著正相关,结实率的CRI值与穗颈长的CRI值呈显著的正相关。     

Response of Spikelet Number per Panicle in Rice Cultivars to Three Transplanting Densities

Abstract

Spikelet number per panicle (SPP), differentiated spikelet number per panicle (D-SPP), and preflowering aborted spikelet number per panicle (A-SPP) were examined in five rice cultivars at three planting densities (HD; high, MD; medium, LD; low planting density) in the field condition. Rice plants at LD produced a higher panicle number per plant but lower panicle number per unit area, accompanied by higher D-SPP and SPP, on average. A-SPP and the ratio of A-SPP to D-SPP (%A) showedno consistent trends. There was a broader range of D-SPP values at LD than at HD because of larger D-SPP in higher order panicles (panicles with a higher spikelet number). D-SPP was smaller in lower order panicles in all cultivars and years, whereas %A increased. D-SPP and SPP of each panicle were positively correlated with tiller size (tiller height, leaf area, and neck internode diameter). Spikelet production efficiency for D-SPP or for SPP (spikelet number per leaf area) of each tiller was higher in IR65564-44-51 (NPT65) and Akihikari than in the other cultivars, indicating a greater capacity of tillers to produce spikelets or support spikelet growth. In each cultivar except NPT65, spikelet production efficiency for D-SPP increased as panicle order decreased, whereas spikelet production efficiency for SPP remained constant or decreased. This finding indicates that irrespective of planting density, lower order panicles produce more spikelets than they can afford physiologically, but they were regulated downward to a nearly constant value in four cultivars. In NPT65 different from other cultivars, spikelet production efficiency for D-SPP was lower in lower order panicles.     

高氮素籽粒生产效率类型籼稻品种的一些相关性状

 在群体水培条件下,以国内外不同年代育成的常规籼稻代表品种（2001年为88个、2002年为122个）为材料,对植株的干物质量、氮素含量、产量及其构成因素、生育期、株高、成穗率、穗部性状等进行了测定。采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法将供试品种的氮素籽粒生产效率（NUEg）分为 6种类型,研究不同NUEg类型品种生育期、株高、成穗率、穗部性状的基本特点。结果表明：1）高NUEg品种生育期（特别是播种至抽穗）较短,NUEg与全生育期、播种至抽穗天数呈显著负相关; 2)不同NUEg类型品种间株高无显著差异,株高与NUEg无密切关系;3）高NUEg类型品种分蘖成穗率高,分蘖成穗率与干物质运转及氮素运转关系密切;4）高NUEg类型品种穗长较短,着粒密度较大。     

Genetic studies for breeding of rice cultivars with superior grain appearance and lodging resistance from the rice cultivar ‘Emi-no-kizuna’

ABSTRACT

We conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of grain appearance (GA) and agronomic traits of rice, using 128 recombinant inbred lines derived from ‘Emi-no-kizuna’ and ‘Tomohonami’. We detected two promising QTLs associated with GA: qGA4 on chromosome 4 and qGA8 on chromosome 8. qGA4 contributed highly to the greater percentage of perfect grains of the Emi-no-kizuna genotype. In the same region, we detected other QTLs associated with panicle number and spikelet number per panicle. In near-isogenic lines (NILs) in which Emi-no-kizuna alleles were introgressed in the genomic region of only the semi-dwarf 1 (sd1) locus (NIL_1) and both the sd1 locus and qGA8 (NIL_2), respectively, the percentage of perfect grains was significantly higher and the percentages of milky white, basal white, and white back grains were significantly lower than in Tomohonami; and the percentages of milky white and white back grains of NIL_2 were significantly lower than those of NIL_1. These results suggest that introgression in the sd1 region could improve GA, and that the addition of qGA8 could further improve GA. The culm lengths of the NILs were significantly shorter than that of Tomohonami, indicating improved lodging resistance. Grain weight of NIL_2 was significantly smaller than that of NIL_1, suggesting that the effect of qGA8 could be pleiotropic, or the gene that underlies qGA8 could be linked with genes associated with grain weight.

Abbreviations: ANOVA: analysis of variance; AT20: mean air temperature in the 20 days after heading; BW: basal white grain; CL: culm length; DAH: days after heading; GA: grain appearance; GW: 1000-grain weight; LOD: logarithm of odds; MW: milky white grain; NIL: near-isogenic line; PG: perfect grain; PL: panicle length; PN: panicle number; PTSN: putative total spikelet number; PVE: percentage of phenotypic variation explained; QTL: quantitative trait locus; RIL: recombinant inbred line; SN: spikelet number per panicle; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; WB: white back grain     

利用染色体片段置换系群体检测水稻叶片形态QTL

 水稻叶片的形态改良是水稻株型育种和产量育种的重要目标之一。以9311/日本晴染色体片段置换系（CSSLs）群体为材料,定位了上3叶叶片长、宽、叶面积共9个性状QTL,分析了叶片性状与产量性状之间的相关性,同时定位了主穗重及产量构成因素（颖花数、千粒重、结实率）相关QTL。结果表明,CSSLs群体的叶片性状之间存在显著或极显著相关性;叶片性状与主穗重呈显著或极显著正相关,与主穗颖花数呈极显著正相关;叶片形态多数性状与结实率、千粒重没有显著相关性。两年共定位到20个叶片性状QTL,分布于第1、3、4、5、6、9、11共7条染色体的10个区间,贡献率为3.82%~14.61%,其中贡献率大于10%有6个,多个QTL成簇分布在相同区间,3个QTL在两年间重复检测到,8个QTL为前人未报道的新位点。两年共检测到16个与控制主穗产量相关的QTL,分布于第1、2、3、5、7、8、10共7条染色体13个区间,其中有7个主穗产量相关QTL所在5个区间与叶片形态14个QTL所在区间一致。     

水氮管理对不同氮效率水稻根系性状、氮素吸收利用及产量的影响

【目的】探究水氮管理措施对不同氮效率水稻根系构型、氮素吸收利用和产量形成的影响,以及根系性状特征与氮素吸收利用和产量关系。【方法】试验采用三因素裂裂区设计,主区为2个不同氮效率水稻品种德香4103(氮高效型)和宜香3724(氮低效型),裂区设置"常规灌溉"和"控制性交替灌溉"2种水分管理方式,裂裂区为SPAD指导施肥、优化施肥以及农民习惯施肥3种施氮模式,运用岭回归分析方法探究根系构型与氮素吸收利用和产量的关系。【结果】水稻抽穗期根系性状、产量、每穗粒数、千粒重及总颖花量均存在显著的基因型差异。氮高效品种德香4103每穗粒数多,群体库容量大,产量较氮低效品种宜香3724高0.24%~11.31%;控制性交替灌溉有利于水稻千粒重的增长,常规灌溉则对水稻有效穗数、每穗粒数及群体颖花量提高更为有利;SPAD指导施肥和优化施肥处理能够提高水稻有效穗数和每穗粒数,扩大群体颖花量以保证其对农民习惯施肥的产量优势;由于水氮互作效应的存在,控制性交替灌溉下施氮处理与空白处理水稻千粒重的差距比常规灌溉的大幅降低,使得控制性交替灌溉下施用氮肥的增产效果更佳。德香4103的氮肥生理利用率较宜香3724平均高8.69%,常规灌溉下水稻氮积累量较高,控制性交替灌溉下氮肥回收率、农学利用率、生理利用率均较优;与农民习惯施肥处理相比,SPAD指导施肥与优化施肥模式更有利于水稻氮素吸收利用效率的提高。拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期水稻根系构型与产量岭回归方程的决定系数范围为0.4198~0.9028,其中,抽穗期根系性状与产量关系最为密切,氮高效和氮低效品种的决定系数均超过0.9。在拔节期,水稻细分枝根长对产量影响最大;在抽穗期,氮高效和氮低效品种存在差异,前者是粗分枝根长,后者是细分枝根表面积对产量影响最大;在成熟期,不定根长与产量关系最为密切。水稻抽穗期根系构型对氮积累量变化的解释程度较高,岭回归方程决定系数均接近0.7。就水氮管理措施而言,氮高效和氮低效水稻均应采用常规灌溉配套SPAD指导施肥或控制性交替灌溉结合优化施肥来实现产量的提高。【结论】水稻抽穗期根系构型与产量、氮积累量关系密切,采用合理的水氮管理措施能够实现水稻产量和氮素吸收利用效率的同步提高。     

水稻器官形态和干物质积累对穗分化不同时期高温的响应

为明确水稻穗分化期高温对生长发育所造成的影响,以耐热籼稻黄华占和热敏感籼稻丰两优6号为材料,利用人工气候箱在穗分化期进行40℃(10:00-15:00)高温处理,以人工气候箱32℃适温处理为参考,室外环境温度为对照(CK),研究枝梗-颖花分化期(Ⅰ期)和花粉母细胞形成-减数分裂期(Ⅱ期)高温胁迫对水稻器官形态及干物质积累的影响。结果表明:1)Ⅰ期高温抑制幼穗分化,使穗分化期延长2.5~8.8 d;Ⅱ期高温阻碍水稻抽穗,导致穗分化期延长6.8~7.1 d,显著缩短上部茎节,降低抽穗度,其中热敏感品种降幅大于耐热品种;2)穗分化期高温处理显著降低每穗颖花数和颖花大小,颖花数下降原因在不同处理时期间存在差异,Ⅰ期高温减少颖花分化数;而Ⅱ期高温显著加速颖花退化,两个品种退化幅度均达50%以上,并显著降低了花药大小和颖花受精率,热敏感品种丰两优6号受高温影响要大于耐热品种;3)高温对叶片生长有促进作用,Ⅱ期高温处理表现尤为明显,两个时期高温处理对上3叶净光合速率和水稻单茎干物质积累没有显著影响。Ⅰ期高温不同部位间干物质积累无显著差异,而Ⅱ期高温显著降低茎鞘和穗部干物质积累,但高温导致高节位分枝发生,积累了一部分干物质,整体上单茎干物质积累量并没有显著下降。     

Marker-Assisted Introgression of Quantitative Resistance Gene pi21 Confers Broad Spectrum Resistance to Rice Blast

The quantitative resistance gene pi21 from Sensho was introgressed to an indica breeding line IR63307-4B-13-2, a pyramiding line IRBB4/5/13/21, and a tropical japonica line Kinandang Patong by marker-assisted backcrossing. A total of 192 improved lines at the BC_4F_3 and BC_4F_4 generations were developed and confirmed to have the gene introgression via genotyping using a pi21-specific In Del marker. Thirteen randomly selected improved lines, representing all the three genetic backgrounds, demonstrated resistance against leaf blast composites in the field and a broader spectrum resistance against individual isolates compared to the recurrent parents in the glasshouse. Specifically, the tested lines exhibited pi21-acquired resistance against 11 leaf blast isolates that elicited susceptible reactions from the recurrent parents. All the tested lines maintained a comparative heading date, and similar or improved panicle length, number of primary branches per panicle and number of total grains per panicle relative to the recurrent parents. The physical grain characteristics of the recurrent parents were also maintained in the 13 lines tested, although variability in the amylose content and chalkiness degree was observed. The successful marker-assisted introgression of pi21 in diverse genetic backgrounds and the resulting broader spectrum resistance of improved lines against leaf blast indicate the potential of pi21 for deployment in cultivars grown across other rice growing regions in Asia.     

不同细胞质的核质互作对籼粳杂种F1代主要农艺性状的影响

 将5份籼型不育系及其保持系为母本与6份粳型或偏粳型广亲和系为父本的23对籼粳交不育系杂种(AW)和可育系杂种(BW)，应用核质互作混合线性模型对株高等8个主要农艺性状进行遗传分析。结果表明，株高、单株穗数、剑叶长和结实率等性状均存在显著或极显著的核质互作效应；不育质或可育质与核基因的互作使杂种F1的平均基因型预测值和群体平均优势在株高、单株穗数和剑叶长上得到明显增加，在结实率上则显著降低。     

水稻白化转绿和穗顶端退化突变体vpa1的遗传分析和基因定位

目的 通过对水稻转绿和穗顶端退化等突变体的研究,可以鉴定更多与叶绿体发育和穗发育相关的基因。方法 在常规种植条件下比较突变体vpa1（virescent and panicle abortion 1)表型及主要农艺性状差异,利用分离群体分析和图位克隆法进行相关基因定位。结果 突变体vpa1表现苗期白化,并逐渐转绿恢复成正常叶色,抽穗后可明显观查到穗顶端退化表型。vpa1的主要农艺性状除了结实率以外,株高、穗长、每穗实粒数等均较野生型显著下降。遗传分析表明白化转绿和穗顶端退化表型受独立的两个隐性基因控制。控制白化转绿叶性状的Osv16定位于第3染色体RM3441和RM3029之间约125kb物理区间内,区间内未见白化转绿性状相关基因的报道。控制穗顶端退化性状的Ospaa10定位于第1染色体RM11157和RM5972之间,区间内物理距离约190kb,区间内未见穗顶端退化相关基因的报道。结论 Osv16和Ospaa10两个基因的突变导致vpa1的叶色和穗型同时出现变异,为白化转绿基因Osv16和穗顶端退化基因Ospaa10的克隆和功能研究打下了基础。     

水稻淡绿叶突变体HM133的遗传分析与基因定位

EMS诱导籼稻品种IR64获得淡绿叶突变体HM133。与野生型IR64相比,HM133播种后的第6周和第15周的光合色素含量以及抽穗期的净光合速率显著降低,气孔导度则明显上升;此外,突变体株高、每穗实粒数和结实率等农艺性状也较野生型显著下降。叶绿体超微结构分析表明,分蘖期HM133类囊体基粒片层形状不规则,堆叠凌乱、排列疏松。遗传分析表明HM133淡绿叶性状受单隐性核基因控制。通过分子标记将该基因定位于第3染色体长臂RM143和RM3684之间。该区间内包含编码镁螯合酶D亚基的基因OsCHLD。序列分析表明HM133中该基因第10外显子上有一个从G突变为A的单碱基变异,导致编码的氨基酸由精氨酸变成谷氨酸,推测OsCHLD基因即为控制HM133淡绿叶表型的候选基因。     

Genetic bases of source-,sink-,and yield-related traits revealed by genome-wide association study in Xian rice

The source-sink relationship determines the ultimate grain yield.We investigated the genetic basis of the relationship between source and sink and yield potential in rice.In two environments,we identified quantitative trait loci(QTL)associated with sink capacity(total spikelet number per panicle and thousand-grain weight),source leaf(flag leaf length,flag leaf width and flag leaf area),source-sink relationship(total spikelet number to flag leaf area ratio)and yield-related traits(filled grain number per panicle,panicle number per plant,grain yield per plant,biomass per plant,and harvest index)by genome-wide association analysis using 272 Xian(indica)accessions.The panel showed substantial variation for all traits in the two environments and revealed complex phenotypic correlations.A total of 70 QTL influencing the 11 traits were identified using 469,377 high-quality SNP markers.Five QTL were detected consistently in four chromosomal regions in both environments.Five QTL clusters simultaneously affected source,sink,source–sink relationship,and grain yield traits,probably explaining the genetic basis of significant correlations of grain yield with source and sink traits.We selected 24 candidate genes in the four consistent QTL regions by identifying linkage disequilibrium(LD)blocks associated with significant SNPs and performing haplotype analysis.The genes included one cloned gene(NOG1)and three newly identified QTL(qHI6,qTGW7,and qFLA8).These results provide a theoretical basis for high-yield rice breeding by increasing and balancing source–sink relationships using marker-assisted selection.     

用培矮64S/日本晴F2群体对水稻6个农艺性状的QTL定位

 用水稻测序品种培矮64S和日本晴配组建立了由180个单株组成的F2群体，构建了含137个SSR标记的连锁遗传图谱，对水稻的分蘖数、有效分蘖数、分蘖率、株高、剑叶长和穗长等6个相关农艺性状进行了QTL定位分析。共检测到14个QTL，分布在第1、2、4、5、6、7染色体的11个区间。检测到1个控制株高的主效QTL(qPH1 2),位于第1染色体，其表型贡献率为24.0%；1个控制剑叶长的主效QTL(qFL4）,位于第4染色体，其表型贡献率为30.5%。对所定位QTL的价值、QTL在染色体上的区域分布等进行了探讨。     

Identification of QTLs for Improvement of Plant Type in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Using Koshihikari / Kasalath Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines and Backcross Progeny F2 Population

Abstract

Thirty-nine chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) population derived from a Koshihikari / Kasalath cross was used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of plant type in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Putative rough QTLs (26.2～60.3cM of Kasalath chromosomal segments) for culm length, plant height, panicle number, chlorophyll content of flag leaf blade at heading and specific leaf weight, were mapped on the several chromosomal segments based on the comparison of CSSLs with Koshihikari in the field experiment for 3 years. In order to verify and narrow QTLs detected in CSSLs, we conducted QTL analyses using F₂ populations derived from a cross between Koshihikari and target CSSL holding a putative rough QTL. The qPN-2, QTL for panicle number was mapped on chromosome 2. In traits of flag leaf, the qCHL-4-1 and qCHL-4-2 for chlorophyll content was mapped on chromosome 4, and the qSLW-7 for specific leaf weight on chromosome 7. All QTLs were detected in narrow marker intervals, compared with rough QTLs in CSSLs. The qPN-2, qCHL-4-1 and qCHL-4-2 had only additive effect. On the other hand, the qSLW-7 showed over-dominance. It could be emphasized that QTL analysis in the present study with the combination of CSSLs and backcross progeny F₂ population can not only verify the rough QTLs detected in CSSLs but also estimate allelic effects on the QTL.     

播期对不同穗部特征小麦品种(系)生育期和农艺性状的影响

为了解播期对多小穗和寡小穗小麦生育期及农艺性状的影响,对13份不同来源的小麦品种(系)两年分期播种的生育期和6个农艺性状(株高、单株有效分蘖数、穗长、每穗小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重)进行了分析和评价。结果表明,播期的推迟导致材料间出苗期差异变大,抽穗期差异缩小,但开花期和成熟期差异变化不大,各农艺性状值减小。经方差分析,各农艺性状在不同播期和品种(系)间均存在极显著差异,其中单株有效分蘖数的变异系数最大,穗粒数次之,每穗小穗数最小。多小穗材料10-A和寡小穗材料BE89的穗长、每穗小穗数和穗粒数在播期间差异较小。经相关分析,播种至出苗和分蘖至抽穗天数与温度呈极显著负相关,出苗至分蘖和开花至成熟天数与平均日照时间呈显著负相关,抽穗至开花天数与温度和降水量呈显著负相关。经多元逐步回归分析,日最高温和日均温对多小穗和寡小穗材料的分蘖至抽穗天数有显著影响,平均日照时间在开花期、日最高温在成熟期分别对多小穗材料发育有显著影响。由此可见,小穗数特异性材料的每穗小穗数在不同播期下能保持稳定。     

利用分子标记辅助选择改良温敏核不育系GD-8S的稻瘟病抗性

以含有广谱稻瘟病抗性基因Pi 1的籼稻材料BL122为供体,优质感病温敏核不育系GD 8S为受体,通过杂交、多次回交和自交结合分子标记辅助选择技术,将Pi 1基因导入GD 8S中。综合目标基因的分子检测、育性镜检、田间农艺性状表现以及遗传背景的回复率,筛选获得5个改良株系RGD8S 1、RGD8S 2、RGD8S 3、RGD8S 4和RGD8S 5。采用广东省具有代表性的33个菌株进行人工接种抗性鉴定,5个改良株系的抗性频率为75.76%~100.00%,而对照仅为9.09%。农艺性状分析表明,除剑叶长和每株穗数外,其余性状改良株系与对照无显著差异。这些改良株系可用于进一步测配选育高抗稻瘟病杂交稻新组合。     

Heterosis Expression of Hybrid Rice in Natural-and Short-Day Length Conditions

Development of hybrid rice is an important strategy to increase yields of irrigated rice in China. Day length is a highly important environmental factor for hybrid rice adaptability,productivity and quality. Heterosis of hybrid rice has been utilized under natural-(long) day length conditions in the middle and lower reaches plain of Yangtze River Valley in China for a long time. However,whether the hybrid rice can show heterosis under short-day length conditions is unknown. In this study,we analyzed plant height,grain number per panicle,and other yield related traits of hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu(LYP9) and its parents(Pei’ai 64 S and 93-11) under natural- and short-day length conditions and compared the respective heterosis. Results showed that earlier heading,reduced plant height,and reduced grain number per panicle were found in these three varieties under short-day length conditions relative to those under natural-day length conditions. In either natural- or short-day length conditions,heterosis of LYP9 was mainly displayed in grain number per panicle and plant height. This study may help in breeding and selecting suitable hybrid rice for different regions with natural- or short-day length.     

水稻回交群体剑叶性状综合评价及QTL定位

【目的】通过对水稻剑叶性状的综合评价,明确剑叶相关性状间及与6个农艺性状的关系。检测剑叶相关性状的QTL,为优良株型品种选育,剑叶性状基因的精细定位和克隆奠定基础。【方法】以日本优质粳稻品种越光和葡萄牙粳稻地方种Bertone构建的回交群体两个世代为实验材料,利用BC₃F₁群体基因型构建遗传连锁图谱;测定亲本和BC₃F₂群体各株系剑叶SPAD、剑叶长、剑叶宽,计算剑叶长宽比、剑叶面积;利用隶属函数和标准差系数赋予权重法获得剑叶性状综合评价值(D值),分析其与6个农艺性状间的关系。分别利用单标记分析(SPA)和区间作图(IM)检测水稻剑叶相关性状QTL。【结果】在抽穗灌浆期,两亲本剑叶SPAD值呈现先升高后降低的动态变化。BC₃F₂群体的5个剑叶相关性状变异丰富,总体表现趋向轮回亲本越光。4个剑叶形态性状间相关性均达到极显著水平,与剑叶SPAD的相关性不显著。主成分和逐步线性回归分析表明剑叶宽、剑叶SPAD、剑叶长、剑叶面积是影响剑叶综合评价值(D值)的主要因子。高D值株系的株高、穗长、茎基粗和单株产量均极显著高于低D值株系,两者的分蘖数和有效穗数差异不显著。共检测到18个控制剑叶性状的QTL,分布在水稻第1、4、7和8染色体上,贡献率分布范围为4.00%~28.00%(SPA)和3.41%~27.00%(IM),除qFLSPAD1之外的17个QTL增效基因均来自Bertone。在第8染色体上的RM22720-RM404区间发现1个QTL簇,含6个主效QTL,分别为qFLL8.1、qFLL8.2、qFLA8.1、qFLA8.2、qD8.1和qD8.2。【结论】获得了剑叶宽、剑叶SPAD、剑叶长和剑叶面积4个评价剑叶性状的关键指标;明确了剑叶性状与单株产量之间的正相关关系;检测到18个剑叶相关性状QTL,位于第8染色体RM22720-RM404区间的QTL簇,是影响剑叶性状的1个重要染色体区域。     

利用选择导入系进行水稻耐低磷鉴定与QTL定位分析

选取我国当前生产上大面积推广应用的籼稻恢复系明恢86和蜀恢527作为轮回亲本,以籼稻品种爷驼崽为供体亲本构建了2个BC2F4群体,在河北廊坊田间正常土壤正常施肥(对照)、贫瘠土壤正常施肥和贫瘠土壤低磷胁迫这三种处理下进行产量及相关性状的表型评价。同时,在北京温室采用水培法进行苗期耐低磷鉴定。在廊坊检测到49个产量及相关性状主效QTL,这些QTL对表型变异的贡献率为6.7%~16.5%;其中有25个(51.0%)QTL的有利等位基因来自供体亲本爷驼崽。在北京检测到影响耐低磷相关性状(根长、根系干质量、根冠比、地上部分干质量和总干质量)的主效QTL 48个,这些QTL对表型变异的贡献率为7.7%~16.6%;其中有21个(43.8%)QTL的有利等位基因来自供体亲本爷驼崽。多达79.6%的QTL能在廊坊环境两个或两个以上处理下被检测到,特别是与每穗总粒数、结实率和千粒重有关的QTL,不仅能稳定的表达,并且它们在不同处理下具有比较一致的效应。在检测到的所有QTL中,有8个染色体区段在两种环境的低磷胁迫条件下被同时检测到,其中与第12染色体RM511(Bin12.4)紧密连锁的位点,同时控制每穗实粒数、每穗总粒数、根长、根系干质量、地上部分干质量和总干质量等6个性状。