栽种富贵竹致富新财路

富贵竹属龙血树百合科常绿乔木植物,其适应性强,管理粗放,土生、水养皆成活,是非常美丽的新一代室内盆栽观叶植物.富贵竹有曲线流畅的金边彩色富贵竹、体态娇艳的银边条纹富贵竹、表里如一的青衣富贵竹等,成为很有发展前途的新型花卉高效产业.     

空调室内如何养花

选择适宜的花卉种类根据观察发现,花叶绿萝最适宜空调室内,它不但能正常生长,而且可以久育不换,一年不出室也无大碍;其次是红叶标竹、花叶万年青、棕竹、春羽、红背竹芋、散尾葵、绿铁、红铁、苏铁、针葵、龙舌兰以及富贵竹、红背桂、九里香等。草本时花一般不宜进空调室栽培,否则会出现花凋叶枯的现象。要选择健壮花卉入室盆栽植株入室前应下功夫把它培养健壮,只有抗性强,才能耐观耐育。一般入室前半月要施一次尿素水肥,使其生长。生长欠佳的盆花不要入室。花卉入室时间不宜过长摆放时间以20天左右为宜,而后要进行更换。但有些种类时间可长…     

三种不同肥料对金边巴西铁生长的影响

金边巴西铁树(Dracaena fragrans cv.“Lindenii”)是常绿木本观叶植物,其叶片宽大,密生于茎上,叶边缘有黄色纵条,是近年来从外国引入我国并受欢迎的一种室内观叶植物,它在夏秋季生长快速,同时需要养分也多,一般要求提供充足的肥料。本试验通过施用三种不同性质的肥料,测定植物对不同肥料的反应来进一步摸清金边巴西     

彩叶植物繁殖及应用技术

彩叶植物,从狭义来讲,不包括秋色叶植物,它应在春夏秋三季均呈现彩色。从广义上说,凡在生长季节叶片可以较稳定呈现非绿色的植物都可称作彩叶植物。彩叶植物是一类在生长季节或生长季节的某些阶段全部或部分叶片呈现非绿色的植物。1彩叶植物种类1.1根据彩叶保持时间长短分类1)全年彩叶植物,即从叶子发出到叶子脱落一直为彩色。如红叶小檗、金心黄杨、金边黄杨、金叶女贞、紫叶李、洒金柏、红枫、红叶碧桃等。2)季节性彩叶植物,即叶子从发出到脱落,在某一个特定季节是彩色的。如红天竹、变叶木、三角枫、五角枫、元宝枫等。1.2根据生长习性分…     

海南槟榔林下套种切叶花卉品种筛选

在槟榔林下分别套种鸟巢蕨、散尾葵、春羽,对不同基质,不同郁闭度,进行了生长过程研究,结果表明：椰糠、农家肥和槟榔林下原土混合基质,效果最好;70％郁闭度时,切叶花卉生长最好;而鸟巢蕨和散尾葵在槟榔林下生长状态良好,为优选品种。     

龙舌兰科9种观赏植物对苯污染净化能力的研究

采用熏蒸法对龙舌兰科长花龙血树(Dracaena angustifolia)、螺纹铁(D.deremensis‘Compacta’)、青叶也门铁(D.arborea)、金心香龙血树(D.fragrans‘Massangeana’)、细叶百合竹(D.reflexa cv.Pusillifolia)、百合竹(D.reflexa)、千年木(D.marginata)、朱蕉(Cordyline fruticosa)、金边虎尾兰(Sanseviera trifasciata var.laurentii)9种室内观赏植物进行苯污染净化能力研究。结果表明,9种植物均具有净化苯污染的能力;金边虎尾兰单位叶面积苯净化量最大,细叶百合竹最小;长花龙血树整株植物净化苯效果最大(40.3%),千年木最小(6.65%);从植株受害症状表现来看,植物对气体的吸收能力和耐受能力之间并没有一定的相关性。     

散尾葵盆栽管理技术

<正>散尾葵(Palmae chrysalidocarpus lutescents Wendl.)又名黄椰子、凤尾竹,株型优美,叶片轻盈飘逸,四季常青,极具观赏性,是世界上栽培应用最广的棕榈科植物之一,是高级的室内观叶、切叶植物,可配植于建筑物周围、广场、公园、道路、屋顶花园等绿地。1生物学特性散尾葵为棕榈科、散尾葵属常绿植物,灌木或小乔木,茎干光滑,黄绿色,叶痕明显,呈款纹状,基部多分蘖,呈丛生状生长。羽状复叶长40～50cm,叶柄尾部稍弯曲,小叶线形或披针形,长20～25cm,左右侧不对称,叶轴中     

室内大厅立体绿化的植物材料及基质的选择

以花叶蔓长春花、毛鹃、散尾葵、桃叶珊瑚为植物材料,"轻型营养基质"为栽培基质,营造了室内大厅3个楼层立体花坛,进行了4种植物在不同位置、不同的光照环境下成活率测定以及生长状况观察。结果表明:4种植物耐阴性大小顺序为:桃叶珊瑚,散尾葵毛鹃花叶蔓长春花,成为室内立体绿化的植物和基质选择的一个样本。     

琼山云龙岭脚热作场散尾葵早期生长调查研究

通过对岭脚热作场散尾葵生长调查研究,结果表明:散尾葵种植初期生长缓慢,种植3～6个月后生长逐渐加快,1年生可产生利润。苗期怕寒冷、怕强光曝晒,病虫害较少,对土壤要求不严格,以疏松并含腐殖质丰富的土壤为宜。散尾葵切叶每年7～10月为销售淡季,其他时段为销售旺季,按目前来看,具有良好的市场需求。     

水培花卉的生物驯化试验研究

以羽裂蔓绿绒、富贵竹、绿萝、吊兰、君子兰、常春藤6种花卉植物为研究对象，通过对其水培驯化的研究，并利用方差分析，以期达到生物驯化水培花卉的目的。结果表明：与对照（清水）相比，经水杨酸和乙烯利处理的花卉在根长势、根粗度、叶绿素含量和叶片数量等方面，有一定的优势，更能适应水生生活。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Decomposition and nutrient loss from prunings of different contour hedgerow species in tea plantations in the sloping highlands of Sri Lanka

Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week⁻¹ for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week⁻¹ for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effects of Seed Weight and Seed Type on Early Seedling Growth of Pinus sylvestris under Harsh and Optimal Conditions

The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions.     

Potential to harness superior nutritional qualities of exotic baobabs if local adaptation can be conferred through grafting

Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral contents and B₁ and B₂ vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B₁ 88 mg 100 g⁻¹, B₂ 187 mg 100 g⁻¹, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations.     

Modelling of adequate pretwist for obtaining straight timber

Abstract

Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

Growth of Phlebiopsis gigantea in wood of seven conifer species

Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。