The nature and kinetics of organic matter release from soil by salt solutions

Laboratory experiments in soil columns were performed to study the influence of dissolved salts on the amount and composition of organic matter (OM) released from soil. Samples of two surface soils from former wastewater infiltration sites were leached with solutions containing dissolved salts (NaH₂PO₄, NaNO₃, CaCl₂) and by deionized water. The NaH₂PO₄ solution induced strongest release with 0.6% of soil organic carbon (C_org) with 700 ml for 100 g of soil, while CaCl₂ released the least, summing to 0.1–0.2% of C_org. The OM released was characterized by UV absorbance (aromaticity), ultrafiltration (molecular size distribution) and solid-phase extraction (polarity). The results suggest that CaCl₂ preferentially released readily soluble OM. For the other solutions we assume solubilization by enhanced electrostatic repulsion (water), sodium exchange (NaNO₃), and sodium exchange and calcium decomplexation and displacement of sorbed organic anions (NaH₂PO₄) to be the major mechanisms of release. In all experiments a phase of spontaneous desorption was observed, followed by a phase of steady-state desorption. Activation energies for steady-state release were estimated from kinetic investigations and suggest that the release is controlled by diffusion towards the phase boundary. These investigations emphasize the influence of dissolved salts on the nature and quantity of organic matter released from soil. The method presented seems able to characterize soil organic matter with respect to its availability and its mode of association with the soil matrix.     

改良剂对旱地红壤微生物量碳、氮及可溶性有机碳、氮的影响

基于室内模拟培养试验,研究改良剂(生物质炭、过氧化钙)对旱地红壤微生物量碳、氮及可溶性有机碳、氮的影响。试验设置4个处理,即CK、Ca(过氧化钙,1.72g/kg)、C(生物质炭,21.46g/kg)、C+Ca。结果表明:各处理土壤微生物量碳、氮以及可溶性有机碳具有相同的变化趋势,即前期(3d内)都增加较快,在第3天达到最大值,随试验进行有所下降,配施效果优于单施。各处理可溶性有机氮在21d内缓慢增加;第21天时,C+Ca、Ca、C相比CK分别显著增加了62.1%,55.5%,40.9%;35d以后,配施(C+Ca)与单施过氧化钙(Ca)的效果显著优于单施生物质炭(C)和对照(CK)。120d培养期内,配施(C+Ca)处理能够明显提高微生物量碳、氮以及可溶性有机碳、氮的平均含量;微生物量碳的平均含量大小顺序为C+CaCCKCa,微生物量氮的平均含量C+Ca处理显著高于其他处理;可溶性有机碳的平均含量大小顺序为C+CaCaCCK,可溶性有机氮的平均含量C+Ca、Ca处理显著高于CK、C处理。微生物量碳、氮以及可溶性有机碳之间互为极显著正相关(P0.01),而微生物量碳与可溶性有机氮之间呈极显著负相关。因此,生物质炭和过氧化钙能有效提高旱地红壤微生物量碳、氮及可溶性有机碳、氮,且生物质炭与过氧化钙配合施用更有助于土壤改良。     

有机酸根与铝氧化物表面吸附磷的解吸

研究了有机酸根离子与合成铝氧化物表面吸附磷解吸的相互关系。结果表明:（1）有有机酸时比无有机酸时吸附的磷具有更高的解吸率,无草酸且加磷pH为4时,0.01molL-1KCI对磷的解吸率最低,草酸与磷共存且pH为6时磷的解吸率最高;（2）高浓度有机酸可解吸低浓度有机酸难解吸的磷,草酸难解吸的磷可为等浓度的柠檬酸极解吸;（3）不同浓度草酸和柠檬酸对铝-草酸复合物吸附磷的解吸率比对Al（OH)x的低,而对铝-柠檬酸复合物吸附磷的解吸率则比对Al（OH）x的高;（4）柠檬酸对铝-磷复合物中磷的解吸量随柠檬酸浓度升高而增大。这些结果证明,有机酸对铝氧化物吸附磷的解吸机理包括配位交换和溶解,有机酸可促进磷的解吸,提高磷的有效性。     

NaF和PFOS对斑马鱼肝脏抗氧化能力、非特异性免疫及组织结构的影响

为探讨有机氟化物和无机氟化物单一及联合暴露对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)肝脏的毒性效应,本研究将雄性斑马鱼随机分为对照组、氟化钠(NaF,无机氟)暴露组、全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS,有机氟)暴露组、NaF+PFOS(无机氟及有机氟联合)暴露组,经15、30 d暴露试验后,检测了血液硝基蓝四氮唑(NBT)阳性细胞数及肝脏抗氧化酶和免疫相关酶活性,并观察了暴露对肝脏组织结构的影响。结果显示,暴露15 d后,NaF和PFOS单一暴露组NBT阳性细胞数以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性均显著下降,而丙二醛(MDA)含量显著上升;暴露30 d后,NaF单一暴露组NBT阳性细胞数、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著下降,而MDA含量显著升高,联合暴露组酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、CAT活性较PFOS单一暴露组显著降低;而NaF+PFOS联合暴露15、30 d后均具有叠加效用。综上,NaF和PFOS单一及联合暴露均能对斑马鱼肝脏组织结构及抗氧化和免疫功能造成不同程度的毒性效应。本研究可为氟化物生态毒性效应的研究提供思路和研究基础。     

土壤/沉积物中全氟辛酸(PFOA)、全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)吸附–解吸行为研究进展

全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)在土壤/沉积物–水中分配、吸附–解吸作用是影响其在环境中的残留浓度、迁移、转化及生物可利用性、毒性等的重要因素之一。本文对土壤/沉积物中PFOA、PFOS吸附–解吸行为影响因素,吸附–解吸机理,常用的土壤/沉积物中PFOA、PFOS吸附/解吸等温线方程、常数及参数等的研究情况进行综述,吸附–解吸过程Freundlich方程的相关系数为0.74~0.99,线性方程的相关系数为0.91~0.99。PFOS在土壤/沉积物中吸附常数logKoc的平均值为3.0,变异系数为23.3%;解吸常数logKoc的平均值为1.8,变异系数为15.4%。PFOA在土壤/沉积物中吸附常数logKoc的平均值为2.1,变异系数为45.6%;解吸常数logKoc的平均值为5.4,变异系数为52.3%。实验室基础上计算所得吸附常数logKoc比野外条件下实测数据计算值(PFOA为3.7,PFOS为4.2)小,野外条件下土壤/沉积物中PFOA和PFOS吸附–解吸过程和土壤–植物共生系统对其污染控制效应有待于进一步研究。     

源于松针的可溶性有机物对土壤多环芳烃吸附和解吸行为的影响研究

Study of the relationship between plant litter-derived dissolved organic matter（DOM） and organic pollutant transport in soil is important for understanding the role of forest litter carbon cycling in influencing pollutant behaviour and fate in forest soil.With the aim of providing insight into the capacity of plant litter-derived DOM to influence sorption and desorption of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） on soil, batch experiments were carried out with application of a sorption-desorption model incorporating DOM effects. Freshly fallen pine（Pinus elliottii） needles were used as the source of organic matter. Input of the pine needle litter-derived DOM was found to significantly decrease desorption hysteresis as well as soil adsorption capacity of phenanthrene（PHE） and fluoranthene（FLA）. Addition of 1 728 mg L-1dissolved organic carbon（DOC） lowered the organic carbon-normalized sorption distribution coefficient of PHE from 7 776 to 2 541 L kg-1C and of FLA from 11 503 to 4 368 L kg-1C. Decreases of the apparent sorption-desorption distribution coefficients of PHE and FLA with increased DOC concentration indicated that DOM favored desorption of PAHs from soil. Increases in the fraction of apparently dissolved PAHs were attributable to the dissolved PAH-DOM complexes, accounting for the dissolved proportions of 39% to 69% for PHE and 26% to 72% for FLA in the sorption and desorption processes as the concentration of the added DOM solution rose from 0 to 1 728 mg L-1. Our results suggest that pine needle litterderived DOM can have a substantial effect of inhibiting PAHs sorption and promoting PAHs desorption, thus leading to enhanced leaching in soil, which should be taken into account in risk assessment of PAHs accumulated in forest soil.     

土壤中黑碳对农药敌草隆的吸附-解吸迟滞行为研究

采用批处理振荡法和连续稀释法分别测定了敌草隆在人工添加黑碳土壤和自然形成的不同有机质和黑碳含量的土壤中的吸附一解吸行为。吸附结果表明，人工添加黑碳的土壤对敌草隆的吸附强度和吸附容量以及吸附等温线的非线性均随土壤黑碳添加浓度的增加而逐步增大；自然土壤的吸附容量和吸附强度随土壤总有机质含量增加而增加，但吸附等温线的非线性则与土壤中黑碳对有机质的相对含量有关，黑碳比例越高，等温线非线性越大。解吸实验结果表明，无论是人工添加黑碳的土壤还是自然土壤，对敌草隆的解吸迟滞作用均随土壤黑碳含量增高而愈明显。     

Low‐molecular‐weight organic acids enhance desorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil

The impact of low‐molecular‐weight organic acids (LMWOAs) on desorption of phenanthrene and pyrene as representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a contaminated soil was investigated by using a laboratory batch experiment. Three LMWOAs were used in this study and were citric, oxalic and malic acids. The LMWOAs in aqueous solution promoted desorption of PAHs from soil significantly and demonstrated an increasing trend as the concentration of LMWOAs increased. When compared with desorption of phenanthrene and pyrene from soil to water, the addition of LMWOAs enhanced desorption of test PAHs by up to 285 and 299%, respectively. Among the three LMWOAs studied, citric acid demonstrated the greatest efficiency in promoting PAH desorption from soil. Solutions of LMWOA continuously promoted PAH removal from soil during the multiple cycles of desorption. Overall, the experimental results suggest that LMWOAs in aqueous solution could disrupt soil organic matter (SOM)–metal cation–mineral linkages in soils, resulting in the release of SOM from soil and simultaneous increase of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in solution. The loss of SOM from soil and increase of DOC in solution are responsible for the enhanced PAH desorption from soil. The positive correlation between DOC in solution and desorbed PAHs from soil suggests that the loss of SOM from soil plays an important role in LMWOA‐enhanced desorption of PAHs from soil.     

秸秆还田对再生稻田土壤有机碳组分的影响

  【目的】  在再生稻系统下，探讨秸秆还田对再生稻田土壤有机质组分及其养分含量的影响。  【方法】  试验设置秸秆不还田(CK)、水稻秸秆半量还田(SH)、水稻秸秆全量还田(SW)和水稻秸秆全量还田配施腐熟剂(SWF)共4个处理，分析各处理土壤有机碳及其组分和土壤速效养分含量。  【结果】  与秸秆不还田相比，秸秆还田能提高土壤有机碳及其组分含量。与CK处理相比，在头季和再生季水稻收获期，秸秆还田处理(SH、SW、SWF)土壤中水溶性有机碳含量分别增加了19.62%～22.63%、20.99%～41.48%；土壤中颗粒有机碳含量分别增加了8.47%～20.62%、24.71%～30.90%；三个施秸秆的处理间土壤总有机碳、胡敏酸和富里酸含量无明显差异。秸秆还田可以改变水溶性有机质结构，使其结构趋于简单。秸秆还田下土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和铵态氮含量均呈增加趋势；在头季水稻收获期，SWF处理的碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量显著高于CK处理。在再生季水稻收获期，与头季稻收获期相比，CK处理土壤速效养分含量呈下降趋势，而秸秆还田下各处理速效养分含量均呈增高趋势。  【结论】  秸秆还田可以提高再生稻田土壤有机碳、颗粒有机碳、水溶性有机碳以及腐殖酸组分的含量，促进水溶性有机质结构的变化，从而有效改善土壤养分的供给能力。     

水分状况对水稻土有机碳矿化动态的影响

水分状况影响土壤水溶性有机C(DOC)溶出,而DOC含量变化与土壤有机C矿化动态有密切关系。通过室内试验,研究了不同水土比提取条件对太湖地区水稻土(黄泥土)DOC含量的影响,观测了培育过程中土壤DOC含量及土壤有机C矿化的动态变化。结果表明,土壤DOC含量随着水土比的增大而升高,且两者之间呈显著的线性关系。长期室内恒温培育条件下,淹水处理土壤DOC含量显著高于好气处理(P<0.01),且在整个培养期内都保持这一趋势,而两处理之间的差值则表现为先增大后减小。培育过程中,土壤日均矿化量好气处理高于淹水处理,但两处理之间的差值则随着培养时间延长而不断缩小。     

低温条件下黄腐酸和有机肥活化黑土磷素机制

采用恒温控湿培养法,研究了低温（培养温度10℃）条件下,黄腐酸（FA）和有机肥（OM）对黑土磷素有效性、酸性磷酸酶活性等的影响。结果表明,黄腐酸（FA）和有机肥（OM）均能提高土壤磷素的有效性,与对照相比,土壤有效磷（Olsen-P）分别提高54.5%和111.5%, FA和OM对黑土磷素活化系数分别为40.6%和70.9%。在整个培养过程中,FA和OM处理土壤有机磷含量均随培养时间逐渐降低。但是,与对照相比,FA和OM处理的有机磷含量分别增加了20.8%和42.3%。FA和OM能够提高土壤酸性磷酸酶活性,增加土壤有机质和溶解性有机碳的含量。与对照相比,FA和OM处理土壤酸性磷酸酶活性增加35.8%和50.9%,有机碳（SOC）增加42.0%和35.0%,溶解性有机碳（DOC）增加70.2% 和63.7%。相关性分析表明,土壤有效磷与酸性磷酸酶、DOC呈极显著的正相关,相关系数分别为0.925和0.765（p0.01）。黄腐酸和有机肥对黑土磷素的活化机制可能是由于黄腐酸和有机肥处理增加了黑土DOC含量,提高了土壤酸性磷酸酶的活性,促进了黑土磷素的转化,进而增加了黑土磷素的有效性。     

低分子有机酸/盐对森林暗棕壤铁的释放效应

模拟森林凋落物淋洗液中草酸/草酸盐和柠檬酸/柠檬酸盐的浓度范围,设计了不同浓度草酸/草酸盐和柠檬酸/柠檬酸盐溶液一次性浸提和多次连续浸提等系列实验,结果表明,草酸/草酸盐和柠檬酸/柠檬酸盐对暗棕壤铁具有活化作用,活化作用大小因有机酸/盐种类、浓度和土壤性质而异。随着低分子有机酸/盐浓度的增加,A1层和B层暗棕壤活化释放的铁也逐渐增多。pH 5.16的低分子有机盐溶液对A1层和B层暗棕壤铁的活化作用强于同浓度的相应低分子有机酸,即柠檬酸盐>柠檬酸,草酸盐>草酸,因此推断草酸盐和柠檬酸盐溶液促进暗棕壤铁活化释放的机理主要在于低分子有机酸阴离子的配位反应。柠檬酸/柠檬酸盐对A1层和B层暗棕壤铁的活化作用强于同浓度的草酸/草酸盐,即柠檬酸>草酸,柠檬酸盐>草酸盐,这主要与柠檬酸对铁较强的络合能力及较大的离解常数有关。A1层与B层相比,草酸/草酸盐和柠檬酸/柠檬酸盐均对B层暗棕壤释放的铁量较高。另外,低分子有机酸对暗棕壤铁的释放并不是一次就能完成的,第一次以后的连续4次浸提仍源源不断释放出数量可观的铁。     

Adsorption-desorption of trichloroethylene in granular media

Sorption studies were conducted to determine the adsorption and desorption characteristics of a common synthetic chemical, trichloroethylene (TCE) in four granular media; sandy loam soil, organic top soil, peat moss and granular activated carbon (GAC). The results showed that the Freundlich Isotherm satisfactorily represents adsorption and desorption of dissolved TCE in these media and that the organic carbon content is an important factor in both processes. The soil-water partition coefficient (K _oc) for TCE suggests that it will migrate quickly through soil.     

Environmental stress response limits microbial necromass contributions to soil organic carbon

The majority of dead organic material enters the soil carbon pool following initial incorporation into microbial biomass. The decomposition of microbial necromass carbon (C) is, therefore, an important process governing the balance between terrestrial and atmospheric C pools. We tested how abiotic stress (drought), biotic interactions (invertebrate grazing) and physical disturbance influence the biochemistry (C:N ratio and calcium oxalate production) of living fungal cells, and the subsequent stabilization of fungal-derived C after senescence. We traced the fate of ¹³C-labeled necromass from ‘stressed’ and ‘unstressed’ fungi into living soil microbes, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total soil carbon and respired CO₂. All stressors stimulated the production of calcium oxalate crystals and enhanced the C:N ratios of living fungal mycelia, leading to the formation of ‘recalcitrant’ necromass. Although we were unable to detect consistent effects of stress on the mineralization rates of fungal necromass, a greater proportion of the non-stressed (labile) fungal necromass C was stabilised in soil. Our finding is consistent with the emerging understanding that recalcitrant material is entirely decomposed within soil, but incorporated less efficiently into living microbial biomass and, ultimately, into stable SOC.     

The impact of trees, ectomycorrhiza and potassium availability on simple organic compounds and dissolved organic carbon in soil

The presence of tree roots and symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi is recognized to have a substantial impact on carbon dynamics in soils. In this study the effect of Pinus sylvestris seedlings and the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma crustuliniforme on a number of biogeochemical variables, mainly related to labile carbon pools was investigated. The impact of K limitation as a potential regulatory factor was also examined. Columns filled with E horizon ±plants and ±mycorrhizal fungi were incubated for 18.5 months. The results demonstrate that plants, as well as mycorrhizal fungi, significantly increased the concentrations of some simple organic acids, including oxalate, in soil solution. Observations for dissolved organic carbon were slightly contradictory but the cumulative amount found in drainage water was ∼20% higher in planted versus non-planted columns. Soil from planted treatments also showed more rapid mineralisation kinetics for oxalate. However carbon utilization (mineralisation vs. biomass) of oxalate and glucose by the soil microbial biomass was less influenced by plants. At harvest a component integration study of soil autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration was performed which revealed that both plant and mycorrhiza had a positive effect on the heterotrophic respiration. Potassium omission had little effect on the variables studied with the exception of the maximum mineralisation rate for oxalate, which increased when K was withdrawn. The results are discussed in the context of the dynamics of labile soil carbon pools and ecosystem C fluxes.     

生草对渭北旱地苹果园土壤有机碳组分及微生物的影响

在渭北旱地苹果园行间播种毛苕子（Vicia villosa）、白三叶（Trifolium repens）、黑麦草（Lolium perenne）和早熟禾（Poa pratensis）,以清耕为对照,对0100 cm土层的土壤有机碳各组分及微生物群落功能多样性进行研究。结果表明,行间生草可显著增加040 cm土层土壤的总有机碳（TOC）、颗粒有机碳（POC）、轻质有机碳（LFOC）、易氧化有机碳（ROC）、可溶性有机碳（DOC）和微生物量碳（MBC）,豆科牧草毛苕子和白三叶的各有机碳含量总体上高于禾本科牧草黑麦草和早熟禾。其中在020 cm土层中,豆科牧草的TOC含量平均每年增加约1.2 g/kg,禾本科牧草每年增加约0.9 g/kg。生草处理的微生物群落碳源利用率（AWCD）、微生物群落Shannon 指数（H）和微生物群落丰富度指数（S）均高于清耕处理,其中豆科牧草的微生物活性更高。因此,生草可以提高土壤有机碳各组分的含量、土壤微生物群落碳源利用率、微生物群落的丰富度和功能多样性,豆科牧草毛苕子和白三叶提高效应更加明显。     

改良剂对旱地红壤活性有机碳及土壤酶活性的影响

针对江西旱地红壤肥力低下、生产力不高等突出问题,基于长期野外旱地红壤定位试验,研究了改良剂(生物质炭和过氧化钙)对旱地红壤活性有机碳及与碳代谢相关酶活性的影响。试验设置生物质炭施用量0(C0)、758(C1)、1 515(C2)kg/hm2和过氧化钙施用量0(Ca0)、61(Ca1)、121(Ca2)kg/hm2,生物质炭和过氧化钙单施和配施共9个处理,即CK、C0Ca1、C0Ca2、C1Ca0、C1Ca1、C1Ca2、C2Ca0、C2Ca1、C2Ca2。结果表明,生物质炭单施和配施均在一定程度上提高了旱地红壤有机碳及活性碳组分,且效果优于单施过氧化钙。C2Ca0、C2Ca1和C2Ca2处理土壤有机碳增加较显著。生物质炭和过氧化钙显著提高土壤活性有机碳组分,与对照(CK)相比,其中C1Ca0处理的微生物生物量碳平均增加了45.22%,C1Ca2处理的可溶性有机碳平均增加了21.34%,C1Ca0处理的颗粒有机碳平均增加了20.72%,C2Ca2处理的易氧化有机碳平均增加了22.19%。生物质炭和过氧化钙对提高碳库管理指数均有较好的效果,0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层分别平均增加了11.09%、14.07%。添加生物质炭对旱地红壤酶活性均有促进作用,且对0~10 cm土层土壤酶的影响较10~20 cm土层明显;配施C2Ca2明显提高旱地红壤淀粉酶、纤维素酶和β-葡糖苷酶活性,C1Ca1明显提高红壤蔗糖酶活性。因此,生物质炭和过氧化钙能有效改善旱地红壤活性有机碳组分以及与碳代谢相关酶活性,且生物质炭与过氧化钙配合施用对土壤改良的效果更好。     

Dynamics of dissolved organic nitrogen and carbon in a Central European Norway spruce ecosystem

Dissolved organic nitrogen and carbon (DOC) are significant in the C and N cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. Little is known about their dynamics in the field and the factors regulating their concentrations and fluxes. We followed the fluxes and concentrations of the two in a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forest ecosystem in Germany from 1995 to 1997 by sampling at fortnightly intervals. Bulk precipitation, throughfall, forest floor percolates from different horizons and soil solutions from different depths were analysed for major ions, dissolved organic N and DOC. The largest fluxes and concentrations were observed in percolates of the Oi layer, which contain amino N and amino sugar N as the major components. The average ratio of dissolved organic C to N in forest floor percolates corresponded to the C/N ratio of the solid phase. Concentrations and fluxes were highly dynamic with time and decreased with depth. The largest fluxes in forest floor percolates occurred when the snow melted. The concentrations and fluxes of dissolved organic N were significantly correlated with DOC, but the correlation was weak, indicating different mechanisms of release and consumption. The dynamics of dissolved organic N and DOC in forest floor percolates were not explained by pH and ionic strength of the soil solution nor by the water flux, despite large variations in these. Furthermore, the release of these fractions from the forest floor was not related to the quality and amount of throughfall. Concentrations of dissolved organic N in forest floor percolates increased with soil temperature, while temperature effects on DOC were less pronounced, but their fluxes from the forest floor were not correlated with temperature. In the growing season concentrations of both dissolved organic N and C in forest floor percolates decreased with increasing intensity of throughfall. Thus, the average throughfall intensity was more important than the amount of percolate in regulating their concentrations in forest floor percolates. Our data emphasize the role of dissolved organic N and DOC in the N and C cycle of forest ecosystems.     

Dissolved organic carbon (doc) and dissolved organic nitrogen (don) content of an arenosol as affected by liming in a pot experiment

The effect of liming materials was investigated on the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) content of the soil in a pot experiment on an acidic soil using oat (Avena sativa L. ) as an indicator plant. Soil samples were taken three times during the growing season. The lime rates applied were 0, 1, 2, 3 g calcite/pot and 0.92, 1.84, 2.76 g dolomite/pot, respectively. Due to an increase in soil pH and microbial activity the DOC concentration significantly increased with increasing lime doses at all three samplings. An exponential relationship was found between soil pH and DOC concentration: y v = v 0.3733e 0.7893x , r v = v 0.903***. Lime had a significant effect on DON concentration at the first sampling, while for the remainder of the growing period no further significant increases were found. This could be explained by the fact that the biodegradability of DOC and DON differs under conditions of the experiment, resulting in a decrease in the N content of the dissolved organic matter, while the amount of DOM and DOC increased with increasing pH. Because of the above mentioned facts the DOC/DON ratio increased significantly with liming. There were no significant changes in the dissolved organic carbon content of the soil during the 15-week growing period, while DON concentration decreased significantly. It can be explained by the initial addition of N fertilizer, which increased the DON quantity at the first sampling in the soil.     

铁炉渣施加对稻田水养分动态的影响

为了阐明铁炉渣施加对稻田水养分动态的影响,对福州平原稻田不同铁炉渣施加水平下稻田水养分动态进行测定与分析。结果表明:对照、处理一、处理二、处理三样地稻田表层水中磷酸盐含量分别为657.3,622.2,546.8,474.1μg/L;铵氮含量分别为3.9,3.5,3.1,2.4mg/L;硫酸盐含量分别为82.8,69.1,66.0,69.6mg/L;溶解性有机碳含量分别为13.1,14.4,14.2,13.4mg/L。0-10cm土壤水中磷酸盐含量分别为135.4,141.7,161.1,201.4μg/L;铵氮含量分别为3.0,4.8,5.5,5.1mg/L;硫酸盐含量分别为84.6,59.1,81.6,70.6mg/L;溶解性有机碳含量分别为37.6,46.0,44.5,43.6mg/L。10-20cm土壤水中磷酸盐含量分别为68.6,100.3,113.8,141.6μg/L;铵氮含量分别为4.7,4.9,8.7,5.6mg/L;硫酸盐含量分别为81.9,75.1,62.8,60.0mg/L;溶解性有机碳含量分别为55.5,43.8,58.3,48.8mg/L。20-30cm土壤水中磷酸盐含量分别为138.0,156.1,166.6,188.6μg/L;铵氮含量分别为2.3,2.3,4.2,4.7mg/L;硫酸盐含量分别为78.6,61.5,70.2,73.3mg/L;溶解性有机碳含量分别为49.4,42.8,50.1,45.4mg/L。表层水中磷酸盐、铵氮和硫酸盐含量对照样地高于处理样地,0-30cm土壤水中磷酸盐、铵氮对照样地低于处理样地,硫酸盐含量高于处理样地,溶解性有机碳变化特征不明显。