五氯酚在酸性土壤表面的吸附-解吸特征研究

本实验研究五氯酚在江西红壤和南京黄棕壤表面的吸附-解吸特征,结果表明:Freundlich和Langmuir等温吸附方程均能较好地描述PCP在两种土壤表面的吸附,且黄棕壤表面的最大吸附量大于红壤。用动力学方程对PCP在红壤中的吸附过程进行拟合,Elovich方程、双常数方程和一级动力学方程均得到较好的结果,其相关系数(R2)在0.96 ~ 0.99之间,达到极显著水平。Elovich方程反映出PCP在土壤表面吸附的能量非均质分布;而抛物线扩散方程不能描述PCP的吸附过程,其相关系数0.46 ~ 0.48。PCP在土壤中的解吸率与有机质含量和pH值相关,随有机质含量增加,PCP解吸率降低,即黄棕壤表土<黄棕壤底土,红壤表土<红壤底土;随模拟酸雨的pH值降低,土壤因对PCP的吸附能力增加,其解吸率降低。     

广西富硒土壤中氧化铁对Se（Ⅳ）吸附解吸的影响机制

为探究游离氧化铁对富硒土壤吸附解吸Se(Ⅳ)的影响机理,以广西富硒赤红壤、红壤为研究对象,通过等温吸附解吸实验,比较去除游离氧化铁前后土壤对Se(Ⅳ)的吸附解吸特征,同时运用Zeta电位、扫描电镜-能谱分析和傅里叶红外光谱技术分析其机理。结果表明：Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程均能较好地拟合供试土壤吸附Se(Ⅳ)过程,相关系数在0.920～0.995之间。供试土壤最大吸附量由高到低依次为：赤红壤(1 399 mg·kg^–1)、红壤(1 336 mg·kg^–1)、去氧化铁赤红壤(444 mg·kg^–1)、去氧化铁红壤(352 mg·kg^–1)。去除游离氧化铁后,红壤、赤红壤的Zeta电位分别由–24.42、–18.06 mV变为–33.06和–26.43 mV,且比表面积减小。红壤、赤红壤及其去氧化铁土对Se(Ⅳ)的解吸率在2%～7%之间,去氧化铁土的解吸率高于红壤、赤红壤。红外光谱分峰拟合分析可知,土壤主要通过-OH、Fe-O、C=O等含氧基团与硒发生反应,土壤去除氧化铁后,Fe...     

菲在土壤/沉积物上的吸附-解吸过程及滞后现象的研究

实验研究了菲在土壤 /沉积物上的吸附 解吸过程。CHL土壤和HFH沉积物中有机质的固相13 CCPMASNMR谱图很相似 ,表明样品中有机质的组成差异不大 ;菲在土壤 /沉积物上的吸附过程表现出明显的非线性 ;线性模型不适合拟合菲的吸附等温线 ,Freundlich模型和双区位反应模型 (DRDM)较好地拟合了菲的吸附等温线 ,其中DRDM模型还清楚地反映菲在低浓度和高浓度下不同的吸附方式 ;另外 ,研究表明菲在土壤 /沉积物上的解吸过程中存在明显的滞后现象 ,这可能和土壤 /沉积物有机质的异质性和土壤胶团微小孔隙的存在有关。     

[A环-U-~(14)C]丙酯草醚在土壤中的吸附与解吸特性研究

丙酯草醚(ZJ0273)是我国拥有自主知识产权的新型高效油菜田除草剂。本文以[A环-U-14C]丙酯草醚为示踪剂,在实验室模拟条件下,采用液体闪烁测量技术对其在7种土壤中的吸附和解吸特性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)丙酯草醚在7种土壤中的吸附等温线均能极显著符合Freundlich、Langmuir和线性模型,相对而言,前两种模型的相关系数R2(0.9883~0.9998)明显高于线性模型(R2=0.9173~0.9593);(2)丙酯草醚在7种土壤中的解吸等温线能被Freundlich模型和线性模型很好地描述;(3)丙酯草醚极易被土壤吸附,不同类型的土壤对其吸附的差异较大,吸附常数KF与土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关,与之对应的解吸率极低。丙酯草醚吸附解吸过程存在明显的滞后现象,应科学合理地在有机质丰富的土壤中使用。     

~(14)C-红霉素在土壤中的吸附解吸和淋溶特性

为探究抗生素在土壤中的吸附、解吸及其淋溶迁移行为,采用振荡平衡法和土柱淋溶法分别研究了~(14)C-红霉素在7种不同类型土壤中的吸附、解吸和淋溶特性。吸附试验结果表明,红霉素在7种土壤中的等温吸附-解吸规律满足Freundlich、Langmiur和线性模型,相关系数R~2为0.9810~0.9999。土壤性质对红霉素的吸附性能有显著影响,7种土壤中吸附常数Kf值依次为S_6S_3S_7S_5S_2S_4S_1。相关性分析表明,Kf值与土壤有机质含量呈正相关(r=0.956,P0.01),而与土壤pH值、阳离子交换量、粘粒含量无显著相关性。红霉素在7种土壤中的吸附自由能变化均小于40 k J·mol~(-1),表明其在土壤中的吸附机制主要为物理吸附。红霉素在7种土壤中的解吸均存在明显的滞后现象。土柱淋溶试验结果表明,红霉素在7种土壤中淋溶性均较弱,66.86%~92.53%的量集中在0~5 cm表层土壤中。总体上红霉素在土壤S_1、S_2和S_4中的淋溶能力最强,其次为S_3、S_5和S_7,在S_6中最不易淋溶,与吸附试验结果相一致。综合红霉素在土壤中的吸附、解吸和淋溶特性,红霉素在土壤中较难淋溶,使其可能在土壤介质中积累,存在一定的环境污染风险。本研究结果对评估环境安全性具有重要意义。     

秸秆还田对土壤Cd(Ⅱ)吸附-解吸的影响

[目的]探讨不同秸秆还田类型及还田水平(水稻、油菜秸秆全量、1/2量)对3种土壤类型﹝沈桥红壤(SQ)、朝山红壤(CS)、新桥水稻土(XQ)﹞Cd(Ⅱ)吸附-解吸行为的影响,为控制土壤中Cd(Ⅱ)环境行为及其调控提供依据。[方法]采用室内模拟培养试验和等温吸附相结合的方式。[结果](1)秸秆还田促进了土壤对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附,在3种土壤的各处理间差异显著(p0.05)。在XQ上,秸秆还田处理提升Cd(Ⅱ)吸附量的效果较2种红壤显著,其中,油菜秸秆1/2量还田处理(RP1)、油菜秸秆全量还田处理(RP2)土壤Cd(Ⅱ)吸附量与对照相比分别增加了9.30%和10.47%。对SQ,CS而言,以Langmuir模型的拟合度最佳,相关系数均大于0.990 9,而在XQ中,适用于描述不规则表面吸附的Temkin方程的模拟效果较好。(2)3种土壤Cd(Ⅱ)的解吸量、解吸率都随着土壤中Cd(Ⅱ)吸附量的增加而增加,秸秆还田处理的土壤Cd(Ⅱ)的解吸量明显低于对照,尤其以油菜秸秆全量还田处理土壤Cd(Ⅱ)解吸量最小。[结论]秸秆还田对不同土壤Cd(Ⅱ)吸附-解吸行为的影响具有显著差异,油菜秸秆还田增强了土壤Cd(Ⅱ)专性吸附,较水稻秸秆有更好地降低Cd(Ⅱ)风险的效果。     

长期施肥条件下石灰性潮土磷的吸附解吸特征

采用Langmuir方程、Freundlich方程及其扩展形式对长期施肥土壤磷的吸附和解吸特征进行了研究。结果表明,双面Langmuir方程和三种Freundlich方程能较好描述石灰性潮土壤对磷的吸附,方程决定系数r2均接近0.99。长期施用有机肥能减少土壤对磷的吸附,表现在土壤对磷的理论最大吸附量（Qm）降低以及吸附结合能常数K值下降。与长期施用化肥相比,长期施用有机肥土壤新吸附的磷也更容易解吸,土壤磷的解吸率从化肥处理的15%左右提高到20%以上。钾肥的施用增大了石灰性潮土对磷的吸附容量,磷的吸附结合能明显提高,意味着化肥钾的施用可能导致土壤磷向作物难利用方向转化,但有机肥与钾肥配合施用,钾肥的这种不良作用得到明显的改善。     

不同pH下两种可变电荷土壤中Cu(II)、Pb(II)和Cd(II)吸附与解吸的比较研究

对两种可变电荷土壤的研宄表明,土壤对Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附量均随pH的增加而增加,但Cu(Ⅱ)与Pb(Ⅱ)吸附量之间的差值随pH增加而减小,Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)与Cd(Ⅱ)吸附量之间的差值随pH增大呈增大趋势.土壤吸附的Cd(Ⅱ)的解吸量随吸附平衡液pH的增加而增加;但Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的解吸量先随pH增加而增加,在某一pH时达最大,随后再逐渐减小.3种重金属离子在可变电荷土壤中吸附和解吸行为的不同特征是pH导致的土壤表面电荷的变化和离子水解程度的变化共同作用的结果.本文的研究结果对可变电荷土壤中重金属的控制和污染土壤的修复具有一定的指导意义.     

老冲积黄壤微团聚体对As(Ⅴ)与P竞争吸附—解吸特性

土壤微团聚体是土壤的最基本结构单元,不同粒径微团聚体的理化性质的差异不同使得重金属离子在各粒径微团聚体中的吸附—解吸能力大小不同。以名山河流域老冲积黄壤为研究对象,将其划分为4个粒径(2~0.25mm,0.25~0.053mm,0.053~0.002mm,0.002mm)。采用批培养法研究原土及不同粒径微团聚体对As(Ⅴ)与P的竞争吸附—解吸特性。结果表明:原土及不同粒径微团聚体对As(Ⅴ)、P的吸附—解吸特性相似,等温吸附均符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,但Langmuir方程拟合效果最佳;动力学吸附均符合伪一级方程和伪二级方程,但伪二级方程拟合效果更好。原土及各粒径微团聚体对As(Ⅴ)、P的吸附均以专性吸附为主,非专性吸附为辅。原土及不同粒径微团聚体对As(Ⅴ)、P的最大吸附量不仅与粒径大小有关,与土壤有机质、CEC、游离氧化铁含量呈正相关。由于0.002mm粒径的土壤比表面积大,有机质、CEC、游离氧化铁含量高,故其对As(Ⅴ)、P有最大吸附能力和最高初始吸附速率。As(Ⅴ)、P在各粒径微团聚体上解吸量与其吸附量呈指数关系。当As(Ⅴ)与P共存时,明显互相抑制对方的吸附,促进对方的解吸。As(Ⅴ)与P在0.002mm粒径土壤中存在的竞争吸附—解吸能力最小。     

有机质对广西酸性富硒土中Se(Ⅳ)吸附解吸特性的影响

为探究有机质在酸性富硒土吸附Se(Ⅳ)过程中的作用，以广西典型富硒区的赤红壤为材料，研究了酸性富硒土去除有机质后，土壤硒的赋存形态、土壤对Se(Ⅳ)的吸附解吸特征及吸附前后土壤基团的变化。结果表明：(1)去除有机质后，土壤中有机结合态硒大幅度减少，铁锰结合态硒成为土壤硒的主要赋存形态。(2)吸附试验表明，土壤对Se(Ⅳ)吸附过程以多分子层的不均质表面吸附为主，吸附过程受控于化学反应与化学吸附；去除有机质后，土壤对Se(Ⅳ)吸附量和吸附强度均显著下降。(3)解吸试验表明，吸附以难解吸的专性吸附为主；去除有机质后，解吸量与解吸率下降，固液分配系数K_d值下降。(4)傅里叶变换红外光谱表明，土壤吸附Se(Ⅳ)与静电引力、络合反应和配位体交换有关；去除有机质减少了有机官能团的数量，导致吸附量减少。综上，有机质的存在，提升了酸性富硒土对Se(Ⅳ)的吸附容量和吸附强度，是造成酸性富硒土硒有效性较低的重要因素。     

毒死蜱有毒代谢物3,5,6-TCP在土壤中的吸附-解吸研究

应用OECD106批平衡方法,研究了毒死蜱的有毒代谢物3,5,6-TCP在6种典型土壤中的吸附-解吸行为。结果表明：Elovich方程、双常数方程和抛物线扩散方程能较好地拟合3,5,6-TCP在第四纪红土、黑土、黄壤和褐土中的吸附动力学过程,而对紫色土和潮沙土的拟合度较低（拟合相关系数小于0.85）;应用Freundlich方程和线性方程拟合第四纪红土、黑土、黄壤和褐土的经验常数nfads均小于1（非线性吸附）,而紫色土和潮沙土的nfads值则接近于1（线性吸附）;3,5,6-TCP在6种土壤中解吸的滞后系数H值均大于1,即解吸速率大于吸附速率。6种土壤对3,5,6-TCP的吸附常数Kfads从1.37-6.74μg1-n·fmLn·fg^-1,吸附系数Kd值从0.50-1.30mL·g^-1,其中第四纪红土和黑土对其吸持力较强（Kd〉1）,因而更应注意环境安全;其他4种土壤的Kd值则均小于1,淋溶风险较大。     

阿特拉津对绿麦隆吸附-解吸作用的影响

采用批平衡实验,研究绿麦隆在单一及复合污染体系中的吸附-解吸行为。结果表明,无论是单一体系还是复合体系,吸附等温线均可用Freundlich模型进行良好的拟合。随着阿特拉津浓度的增加,土壤对绿麦隆的吸附作用降低,表明绿麦隆和阿特拉津之间存在竞争吸附,这可能与土壤的有机质类型和绿麦隆、阿特拉津的性质、结构有关。解吸实验表明,随着阿特拉津的浓度增加,绿麦隆的解吸作用增加。吸附过程的拟合指数n值大于解吸过程的对应值,即绿麦隆在不同体系中的解吸作用均存在一定的滞后性。应用Freundlich解吸等温线参数对吸附-解吸等温线的滞后作用进行量化,CT、（CT＋0.5AT）、（CT＋1AT）和（CT＋2AT）处理解吸等温线的滞后系数ω分别为165.200,146.132,94.534和85.945,即随阿特拉津浓度增加,绿麦隆解吸等温线的滞后性降低。     

Effects of sediment components and TiO2 nanoparticles on perfluorooctane sulfonate adsorption properties

Purpose

Here, the roles of sediment components in perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) adsorption onto aquatic sediments and relevant adsorption mechanisms were investigated in terms of adsorption isotherms and influences of TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) contamination.

Materials and methods

Due to the complexity of the sediments, instead of randomly selecting different component sediments, the selective dissolution method was used to better explore the effects of sediment compositions, such as sediment organic matter (SOM) and ferric oxides (dithionite–citrate–bicarbonate [DCB] Fe), and TiO₂ NPs pollution on PFOS adsorption. Mathematical equations (Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin) were used to describe the adsorption behavior of PFOS on different sediments and adsorption mechanisms of multiple pollutant interactions. Moreover, the characterization methods of zeta potential, nitrogen (N₂) adsorption–desorption, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, as well as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, explained effects of the sediment components and TiO₂ NPs on PFOS adsorption properties in view of physicochemical theories.

Results and discussion

The adsorption isotherms of PFOS on six tested sediments were all nonlinear (Freundlich model, R² = 0.992~1.000). The Freundlich sorption affinities (K_F) of PFOS on S (original sediments), S1 (sediment organic matter (SOM)-removed S), and S2 (ferric oxides (DCB Fe)-removed S1) were 0.232, 0.179, and 0.120, respectively. Both SOM and DCB Fe influenced the physicochemical properties of the sediments, e.g., zeta potential, specific surface area, and permanent negative charge. The addition of TiO₂ NPs increased the K_F of PFOS for S, S1, and S2 by approximately 9.9%, 14.5%, and 26.7%, respectively, by increasing the zeta potential and specific surface area (S_BET, S_ext, and S_micro) and by changing the water and oil properties of the three sediments. However, the addition of TiO₂ NPs decreased the linearity of the sorption isotherm (1/n). FT-IR spectroscopy showed that hydrophobicity, ion exchange, surface complexation, and hydrogen bonding interactions (non-fingerprint region) could all play a role in PFOS sorption onto tested sediments. However, the hypothesis of hydrogen bonding to promote PFOS adsorption on sediment layer silicates (fingerprint region) should be studied further.

Conclusions

The content of both SOM and DCB Fe affected the physicochemical properties of sediment. Both SOM and DCB Fe showed a positive relationship with sorption of PFOS on sediment. The addition of TiO₂ NPs increased PFOS sorption by altering the sediment surface properties. Hydrophobic interactions certainly impelled and ligand and ion exchange and hydrogen bonding (non-fingerprint region) could promote PFOS sorption on the sediments.

     

初始浓度对六氯苯在土壤中的吸附-解吸的影响及解吸

Adsorption and desorption are important processes that influence the transport, transformation, and bioavailability of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in soils. To examine the adsorption-desorption characteristics of HCB, equilibrium batch experiments were carried out using two soils (red soil and paddy soil) with different initial HCB concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.50, 2.50, 3.50, and 5.00 mg L^-1) by using 0.01 mol L^-1 calcium chloride as the background solution. The successive desorption experiments (48, 96, 144, 192, and 240 h) were conducted after each adsorption equilibrium experiment. The results revealed that adsorption and desorption isotherms of HCB on two soils were nonlinear, which can be best described by the Freundlich equation with the square of the correlation coefficient (r²) ranging from 0.97 to 0.99. Desorption of HCB from the two soils exhibited hysteresis at all HCB concentrations because the Freundlich desorption coefficients were always higher than the Freundlich adsorption coefficients. The hysteretic effect was enhanced with increasing initial HCB concentration, and positive hysteresis was observed at different concentrations.     

土壤硼吸附热及温度对硼滞后解吸特性影响的研究

对棕红壤（９７０１）、黄棕壤（９７０２）和灰潮土（９７０３）在２５℃和４０℃条件下,硼吸附－解吸特性,土壤硼吸附热以及温度对土壤滞后解吸的影响进行了研究。结果表明,９７０１、９７０２和９７０３号土壤硼的吸附热分别为－１５．４、－１５．６和－２２．６ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,处于化学吸附热的范围,从热力学上证明了硼在土壤上专性吸附的存在。与２５℃相比,４０℃时土壤硼滞后解吸得到加强。与此相应,施入土壤中的外源硼     

长期施磷黑土中磷的吸附–解吸特征及其影响因素

  【目的】  比较长期不施磷与施磷黑土对外源磷的吸附–解吸特征,为黑土区磷素管理提供理论基础。  【方法】  供试黑土长期定位试验位于吉林省公主岭市,始于1990年。2018年选择其中不施肥(CK),施氮钾肥(NK),施氮磷钾肥(NPK)和氮磷钾+有机肥(NPK+M) 4个处理小区,采集0—20、20—40和40—60 cm土层的土壤样品,分析了土壤理化性质,采用恒温平衡法测定了土壤磷的吸附–解吸特征,并由此计算得到磷最大吸附量(Q_m)、吸附亲和力常数(K_Q)、最大缓冲容量(MBC)、磷吸附饱和度(DPS)、最大解吸量(D_m)和解吸率(D_r)。  【结果】  随着平衡溶液中磷浓度的增加,磷的吸附量与解吸量均呈先快速增加后逐渐趋于平衡的过程。与不施磷处理(CK和NK)土壤相比,施磷处理(NPK、NPK+M)减少了磷的吸附量,增加了磷的解吸量。与不施磷处理相比,施磷处理在0—60 cm剖面上的Q_m和MBC值分别降低了4.94%～63.46%和15.90%～75.18%,D_r值增加了8.52%～474.0%,以NPK+M处理变化量最大。施磷处理比不施磷处理在0—60 cm土壤剖面上全磷和有机质含量分别增加了34.40%～145.5%和12.77%～50.07%,游离态铁铝氧化物(Fe_d+Al_d)含量降低了5.14%～11.35%。冗余分析表明,不施磷处理土壤的有机质、Fe_d+Al_d和全磷,以及施磷处理中的Fe_d+Al_d、络合态铁铝氧化物(Fe_p+Al_p)、pH和有机质是影响磷吸附解吸特征参数的主要土壤因子,分别解释了不施磷和施磷处理全部变异的77.59%和90.62%。土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)与磷吸附饱和度(DPS)相关关系表明,所研究的黑土DPS环境界限值为8%左右,NPK+M处理中3个土层的DPS_M-P值(由Mehlich-3 浸提的磷、铁和铝计算)为7.77%～25.96%,DPS_O-P值(由Olsen-P和Q_m计算)为17.24%～24.75%,均高于此环境界限值,具有磷素流失的风险。  【结论】  长期施磷降低了黑土对外源磷的吸附量,增加了磷解吸量。长期不施磷肥,土壤对磷的吸附和解吸主要受有机质、游离态铁铝氧化物的影响。而长期施肥,特别是有机肥与化肥配合处理,土壤中游离态和络合态铁铝氧化物、有机质及pH是影响磷吸附解吸特征的主要因素。     

Oxalate Enhances Desorption of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate from Soils and Sediments

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is one of the most widespread toxic substances in water distribution systems, posing a significant risk to public health and the environment due to its toxic and non-biodegradable nature. In this study, the effect of oxalate on PFOS adsorption/desorption to/from soil and sediment samples was studied with batch experiments. Dissolved organic carbon content in soil strongly enhanced the retention of organic halogens. Oxalate increased PFOS desorption by 1.43- to 17.14-fold and significantly increased the release of dissolved organic carbon and inorganic ions in soils. The effects of root exudates were similar to those of oxalate. Addition of low molecular weight dissolved organic carbon caused partial dissolution of the soil structure (e.g., through formation of organo-mineral complexes), resulting in the release of organic carbon and metal ions and subsequently enhancing PFOS desorption. The effects of oxalate on organic halogen desorption were influenced by dissolved organic carbon content and formation of calcium oxalate.     

Carryover of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from soil to plant and distribution to the different plant compartments studied in cultures of carrots (Daucus carota ssp. Sativus), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), and cucumbers (Cucumis Sativus)

A vegetation study was carried out to investigate the carryover of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) from soil mixed with contaminated sewage sludge to potato, carrot, and cucumber plants. Analysis was done by liquid-extraction using acetonitrile with dispersive SPE cleanup and subsequent HPLC-MS/MS. In order to assess the transfer potential from soil, transfer factors (TF) were calculated for the different plant compartments: TF = [PFC](plant (wet substance))/[PFC](soil (dry weight)). The highest TF were found for the vegetative plant compartments with average values for PFOS below those for PFOA: cucumber, 0.17 (PFOS), 0.88 (PFOA); potato, 0.36 (PFOS), 0.40 (PFOA); carrot, 0.38 (PFOS), 0.53 (PFOA). Transfer of PFOA and PFOS into potato peelings (average values of TF: PFOA 0.03, PFOS 0.04) exceeded the carryover to the peeled tubers (PFOA 0.01, PFOS < 0.01). In carrots, this difference did not occur (average values of TF: PFOA 0.04, PFOS 0.04). Transfer of PFOS into the unpeeled cucumbers was low and comparable to that of peeled potatoes (TF < 0.01). For PFOA, it was higher (TF: 0.03).     

三种铁氧化物的磷吸附解吸特性以及与磷吸附饱和度的关系

采用三种人工合成铁氧化物(针铁矿、赤铁矿和水铁矿)比较了结晶态和无定形铁氧化物对磷的吸附—解吸特性以及与磷吸附饱和度的关系。结果表明,三种铁氧化物的磷吸附特性均可用Langumir方程来描述,相关系数均大于0.9,达到极显著水平。从磷最大吸附量(Qm)、吸附反应常数(K)和最大缓冲容量(MBC)三项吸附参数综合考虑,水铁矿(无定形)对磷的吸附无论在容量还是强度方面均比结晶态铁氧化物针铁矿和赤铁矿大得多。水铁矿吸附的磷比针铁矿和赤铁矿所吸附的磷更难解吸;水铁矿的大量活性表面并没有表现出增加磷释放的作用。磷吸附饱和度有望作为评价土壤或铁氧化物磷吸附—解吸的强度和容量因子的一个综合指标。     

Adsorption and Desorption of Copper in Pasture Soils

Abstract

Copper (Cu) is bound strongly to organic matter, oxides of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), and clay minerals in soils. To investigate the relative contribution of different soil components in the sorption of Cu, sorption was measured after the removal of various other soil components; organic matter and aluminum (Al) and Fe oxides are important in Cu adsorption. Both adsorption and desorption of Cu at various pH values were also measured by using diverse pasture soils. The differences in the sorption of Cu between the soils are attributed to the differences in the chemical characteristics of the soils. Copper sorption, as measured by the Freundlich equation sorption constants [potassium (K) and nitrogen (N)], was strongly correlated with soil properties, such as silt content, organic carbon, and soil pH. The relative importance of organic matter and oxides on Cu adsorption decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing solution Cu concentrations. In all soils, Cu sorption increased with increasing pH, but the solution Cu concentration decreased with increasing soil pH. The cumulative amounts of native and added soil Cu desorbed from two contrasting soils (Manawatu and Ngamoka) during desorption periods showed that the differences in the desorbability of Cu were a result of differences in the physico‐chemical properties of the soil matrix. This finding suggests that soil organic matter complexes of Cu added through fertilizer, resulted in decreased desorption. The proportions of added Cu desorbed during 10 desorption periods were low, ranging from 2.5% in the 24‐h to 6% in the 2‐h desorption periods. The desorption of Cu decreased with increasing soil pH. The irreversible retention of Cu might be the result of complex formation with Cu at high pH.