不同氟来源和不同氟水平对0—3周肉仔鸡脂肪代谢的影响

选用200只一日龄AVIAN肉仔鸡随机分成10组,除对照组为38只外,每组为18只,研究不同氟源和不同氟水平对0—3周肉仔鸡脂肪代谢的影响.氟源有三种,分别为氟化钠(NaF),添加水平为350、700、1050mg/kg,氟化钙(CaF_2),添加水平为350、700、1050mg/kg,磷酸氢钙(CaHPO_4),添加水平为250、350、550mg/kg,对照组则采用低氟磷酸氢钙配制,含氟为60mg/kg.研究结果表明在同一氟源下,随肉仔鸡日粮氟含量的增加,肝氟含量增加(P<0.05),而肝脂降低(P<0.05),血清胆固醇和甘油三酯含量基本呈下降趋势(P<0.05);不同氟源的日粮对肝脂、血清胆固醇和甘油三酯的影响程度存在一定的差别,NaF和CaHPO_4使肝脂、血清胆固醇和甘油三酯下降趋势比CaF_2更明显     

不同形式铬对肉仔鸡生产性能、营养物质代谢和器官重的影响

本试验以肉仔鸡为对象 ,研究了３种铬源对肉仔鸡生产性能、营养物质代谢和组织器官重的影响。采用２８０只１４日龄ＡＡ肉仔鸡 ,随机分成１０组 ,每组４重复（公母各半） ,每重复７只鸡。其中１组为对照组 ,饲喂基础日粮 ,其余９组添加０．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ 水平的氯化铬、蛋氨酸铬、烟酸铬 ,试验期３周。结果表明 :①铬对３、４周龄肉仔鸡的采食量、平均日增重和饲料转化率无显著影响。０．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ 和１．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ氯化铬显著提高了第５周肉仔鸡的采食量（Ｐ＜０．０５） ;０．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ 蛋氨…     

不同铜源及水平的日粮对产蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

用６８周龄海赛克斯蛋鸡,研究玉米－大豆粕－棉仁粕型日粮中添加５水硫酸铜（ＣｕＳＯ４．５Ｈ２Ｏ）形式的铜６ｍｇ／ｋｇ、３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１２５ｍｇ／ｋ和柠檬酸铜（ＣｕＣｉｔ）形式的铜６ｍｇ／ｋｇ、３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ试验结果表明：与对照组经（含铜６．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,日粮中添加６ｍｇ／ｋｇＣｕ（硫酸铜）时耗料最低,蛋壳厚度最大,且随着添加量的增加蛋壳厚度变薄;日粮中添加３０ｍｇ／ｋｇＣｕ（硫酸铜）时产蛋率最高,料蛋比最低,蛋壳强度最大,日粮中添加不同铜源及水平对蛋黄铜含量的影响不大（Ｐ〉０．０５）。与对照组相比,日粮中添加１２５ｍｇ／ｋｇＣｕ（硫酸铜）时肝脏铜水平明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０５）,但各添加组之间的差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）。随着日粮中铜添加水平的提高,蛋黄和肝脏胆固醇水平显著降低（Ｐ     

日粮烟酸水平对肉鸭后期生产性能和脂肪代谢的影响

７２只２１日龄樱桃谷鸭平均分成４组,分别添加０、３０、６０、９０ｍｇ／ｋｇ烟酸进行３周饲养试验。测定平均日采食量（ＡＤＦＩ）、平均日增重（ＡＤＧ）、料重比（Ｆ／Ｇ）、血清总胆固醇（ＴＣＨ）、血清总甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）。结果表明：①日粮烟酸水平不影响ＡＤＦＩ、ＡＤＧ、Ｆ／Ｇ（Ｐ＞０．０５）,但与ＡＤＦＩ、ＡＤＧ、Ｆ／Ｇ存在显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）或极显著二次曲线关系（Ｐ＜０．０１）。②日粮烟酸水平可能影响ＴＣＨ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ,但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。当基础日粮烟酸和色氨酸水平分别为３５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．１６％时,建议肉鸭后期烟酸添加水平为６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

饲粮铜和维生素 Ａ及其互作效应对肉仔鸡生长性能及抗氧化功能的影响

本研究旨在探讨铜和维生素 Ａ及其互作效应对肉仔鸡生长性能及抗氧化功能的影响。试验选用 １日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡 ４４８只，随机分为 ８组，每组 ４个重复，每个重复 １４只鸡。采用４×２（铜 ×维生素 Ａ）完全随机设计，饲粮铜的添加量分别为 ０、８、１５０、２２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，维生素 Ａ的添加量分别为 １５００、５０００ＩＵ／ｋｇ，分为 ２个生长阶段，前期为 １～４周龄，后期为 ５～７周龄。结果表明：１）高铜（１５０、２２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）抑制了全期肉仔鸡生长性能，提高了全期血清铜蓝蛋白（Ｃｐ）和后期血清总超氧化物歧化酶（Ｔ ＳＯＤ）活性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。２）５０００ＩＵ／ｋｇ维生素 Ａ组获得较好的生长性能，提高了全期血清 Ｔ ＳＯＤ活性，降低了前期血清 Ｃｐ活性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。３）铜和维生素 Ａ互作效应对前期体增重、血清 Ｃｐ和 Ｔ ＳＯＤ活性及全期料重比有显著影响（Ｐ＜０．０５），且二者间存在互补作用。铜（８ｍｇ／ｋｇ）×维生素 Ａ（５０００ＩＵ／ｋｇ）组与铜（０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）×维生素 Ａ（５０００ＩＵ／ｋｇ）组对前期肉仔鸡获得良好生长性能和提高血清 Ｔ ＳＯＤ活性均有促进作用，但对血清 Ｃｐ活性有显著降低作用（Ｐ＜０．０５）。由此可见，在基础饲粮铜水平为 １６～２３ｍｇ／ｋｇ时，铜的适 宜 添 加 量 为 前 期 ８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，后 期 ０～８ｍｇ／ｋｇ；全 期 维 生 素 Ａ 的 适 宜 添 加 量 为５０００ＩＵ／ｋｇ。     

高氟对绵羊铜吸收的影响

将１８只绵羊随机分成３组,每组６只,Ｉ组为对照组,Ⅱ组为加Ｆ组,饲料Ｆ质量分数（下同）为６１ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ⅲ组为加Ｆ和加Ｃｕ组,饲料Ｆ为６１ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ｃｕ为１６．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ试验结果：６０ｄⅡ组全血Ｆ为２２．１３ｍｇ／Ｌ,全血Ｚｎ为８．５７ｍｇ／Ｌ。全血Ｃｕ为０．６３ｍｇ／Ｌ,与Ｉ组相比差异极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）,Ⅲ组全血Ｆ为１４．４５ｍｇ／Ｌ,全血Ｃｕ为１．１６ｍｇ／Ｌ全血Ｚｎ为５．２９ｍｇ／Ｌ     

肉用仔鸡的饲粮铜水平

在不同性别ＡＡ肉仔鸡饲粮中添加不同浓度的铜，通过对肉仔鸡生产性能的观察及某些生化指标的测定，探讨铜在肉仔鸡饲粮中的适宜浓度。结果表明：肉仔鸡全期的体增重不受饲粮铜浓度的影响（Ｐ＞０．０５），饲料效率有高浓度铜（２０９．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ）可减少饲料耗用量的趋势，但统计上差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在测定个别组织铜含量和血清学指标中，性别不同、生长阶段不同，肝、肾、毛铜含量差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），肌肉铜含量则差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；血清铜兰蛋白有差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

泰乐菌素在肉仔鸡日粮中的应用

选用ＡＡ公雏４８０只，随机分为５个处理（２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ酒石酸泰乐菌素；１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ酒石酸泰乐菌素；８．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ磷酸泰乐菌素；４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ金霉素；５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ洛克沙生），每个处理８个重复，每个重复１２只鸡，三阶梯笼养。试验表明：在用药期（１～６周）及整个试验期（１～７周）内，三个泰乐菌素处理组的增重高于金霉素和洛克沙生组，料肉比低于金霉素和洛克沙生组，但尚未达到统计学显著水平（Ｐ＞０．０５）；在肉仔鸡日粮中，添加１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的酒石酸泰乐菌素即可发挥作用，将其添加量提高至２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ水平，并未进一步提高鸡的生产性能。从经济效益及环保和卫生角度考虑，肉仔鸡日粮中酒石酸泰乐菌素的添加水平以１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ为宜。     

0～3周龄肉仔鸡日粮中维生素E的适宜供给量研究

为了探讨０～３周龄肉仔鸡日粮中维生素Ｅ的适宜供给量,将一日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡９００只分成５个处理组,每组含６个供测定生产性能用的重复小组（各小组２２只,公母各半）和１个含公雏鸡４５只的小组,以便采血、屠宰取器官供测定α生育酚和硫巴比妥酸反应物质（ＴＢＡＲＳ）。各组的基础日粮相同,含α生育酚１３ｍｇ／ｋｇ,各组日粮中分别添加ｄｌα生育酚醋酸酯０、５、１０、５０和１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ。试验结果表明,０～３周龄肉仔鸡的玉米豆粕豆油型日粮中不同维生素Ｅ水平不明显影响采食量;维生素Ｅ含量达到１８～２３ｍｇ／ｋｇ以上才能维持肉仔鸡正常的快速生长及１１～２１日龄阶段血浆恒定的α生育酚含量,当日粮中只含维生素Ｅ１３ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,血浆和肝脏中α生育酚明显随鸡日龄增大而耗竭（Ｐ＜００５）。日粮中维生素Ｅ含量达到１１３ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,肉仔鸡肝脏组织的α生育酚含量在各日龄点明显最高（Ｐ＜００５）且较恒定,ＴＢＡＲＳ值在１１、１６及２１日龄时最低且与含维生素Ｅ１３ｍｇ／ｋｇ和１８ｍｇ／ｋｇ组的差异显著,说明抗氧化能力最强。     

低有效磷饲粮添加植酸酶对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

以艾维因肉仔鸡为试验动物，研究了低有效磷饲粮中添加植酸酶对生产性能的影响。１００只艾维因肉仔鸡随机分为５组，每个组设４个重复。第１组喂标准饲粮，第２、３、４、５组为低有效磷（０．２０％）饲粮，分别加植酸酶ＯＦＴＵ／ｋｇ、３５０ＦＴＵ／ｋｇ、５００ＦＴＵ／ｋｇ、６５０ＦＴＵ／ｋｇ，饲养试验分０￣３周、４￣６周两个阶段，试验期为５周。试验结果表明，在低有效磷饲粮中添加植酸酶可提高肉仔鸡生产性能，降低鸡后期单位增重饲料成本，以植酸酶最大添加量６５０ＦＴＵ／ｋｇ组的效果为最佳，但生产性能未达到标准饲粮组水平。     

Effects of different phosphorus sources in the diet on bone composition and stability (breaking strength) in broilers

In two fattening trials (in each 100 broilers kept in four groups with 25 animals) as well as in a balance trial (four groups with four broilers in a group) the effects of inorganic phosphorus sources [monocalcium phosphate (MCP), dicalcium phosphate (dihydrate; DCP) and defluorinated phosphate (DFP)] in broiler diets were examined. The four diets contained up to 9 g calcium and 6 g phosphorus per kg and comparable energy and nutrient contents. Controls were fed a commercial diet with Ca-Na-phosphate as inorganic phosphorus source supplemented by phytase. In both fattening trials body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion were proved as well as the calcium and phosphorus levels in serum, the breaking strength of tibia or humerus and the femur mineralization (ash content in the fat free dry matter). Furthermore, in the balance trial the retention of calcium and phosphorus was determined by calculation (intake minus excretion) as well as by analysis of body composition. On a high performance level (that was only slightly influenced by the different treatments), the addition of DFP resulted in significantly reduced phosphorus availability (estimated by analysis of the whole carcass: control/MCP/DCP/DFP: 48.6/46.0/45.7/35.5%). The significantly reduced phosphorus level in serum (1.77 +/- 0.20/1.77 +/- 0.24/1.73 +/- 0.28 1.34 +/- 0.33 mmol/l) indicates the lower phosphorus retention in broilers given DFP. Furthermore, the crude ash content (582 +/- 17.6/580 +/- 18.6/563 +/- 15.2/547 +/- 29.7 g/kg fat free DM) and the breaking strength of bones (in right tibia in trial 2: 232 +/- 82.4/227 +/- 51.5/232 +/- 41.7/196 +/- 655 N) were lowest when given DFP. For diagnostic purposes it is of special interest that the phosphorus levels in the serum reflected markedly the different concentrations of available phosphorus in the diet.     

高脂饲粮和高碳水化合物饲粮对大鼠脂肪代谢的影响

本试验旨在以相同代谢能水平为基础,研究高脂饲粮和高碳水化合物饲粮对大鼠脂肪代谢的影响。选取48只8周龄雄性SD大鼠,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复2只。3个组分别饲喂高脂饲粮(HF组)、高碳水化合物饲粮(HC组)和对照饲粮(CON组),试验期9周。结果表明:1)与CON组相比,HF组、HC组大鼠的初重、末重、日增重均无显著差异(P0.05),日采食量极显著降低(P0.01),饲料转化效率极显著升高(P0.01)。2)各组大鼠的Lee’s指数、肾脏指数、胃指数、脾脏指数、肝脏指数无显著差异(P0.05)。3)与CON组和HF组相比,HC组大鼠血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著或极显著升高(P0.05或P0.01);与HC组和CON组相比,HF组大鼠血清葡萄糖含量极显著增加(P0.01),血清尿素氮含量极显著降低(P0.01)。与CON组相比,HF组和HC组大鼠肝脏甘油三酯含量极显著升高(P0.01),HF组大鼠肝脏总胆固醇含量极显著升高(P0.01)。4)与CON组相比,HF组和HC组大鼠肝脏磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸激酶(PEPCK)mRNA表达量极显著增加(P0.01);与CON组和HC组相比,HF组大鼠肝脏胆固醇调节元件结合蛋白1(SREBP1)mRNA表达量极显著增加(P0.01)。综上所述,相同代谢能水平下,HF组和HC组大鼠体重无显著增加。HC组大鼠血脂升高;HF组大鼠血清葡萄糖、肝脏总胆固醇含量升高,血清尿素氮含量下降。HF组和HC组大鼠肝脏甘油三酯含量升高,且通过肝脏PEPCK和SREBP1基因表达调控途径影响脂肪代谢     

罗汉果皂苷对肥胖小鼠脂代谢的改善作用研究

【目的】 探讨罗汉果皂苷改善高脂喂养诱发肥胖的小鼠脂代谢异常的作用,并探讨其作用机制。【方法】 选取健康雄性昆明小鼠60只,以高脂饲料喂养4周后,随机分为6组：空白组、模型组、辛伐他汀组,以及罗汉果皂苷高（200 mg/（kg·d））、中（100 mg/（kg·d））、低（50 mg/（kg·d））剂量组,连续灌胃给药4周,同时维持高脂喂养。给药完成后,称量各组小鼠体重及脂肪组织重量,计算脂肪系数;检测小鼠血清和肝脏组织甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）的含量,以及血清载脂蛋白A1（ApoA1）和载脂蛋白B （ApoB）含量,并测定肝脏中脂蛋白脂肪酶（LPL）和肝酯酶（HL）的活性。【结果】 与空白组相比,模型组小鼠体重、脂肪重量及脂肪系数均极显著升高（P<0.01）。与模型组相比,罗汉果皂苷高、中剂量组小鼠的脂肪重量及脂肪系数均显著降低（P<0.05）;高剂量罗汉果皂苷显著或极显著降低了小鼠血清及肝脏TC、LDL-C含量（P<0.05;P<0.01）,极显著升高了血清HDL-C含量（P<0.01）;高、中剂量罗汉果皂苷极显著降低了血清ApoB含量（P<0.01）,极显著或显著升高了小鼠肝脏LPL和HL的活性（P<0.01;P<0.05）。【结论】 罗汉果皂苷能预防高脂饲料诱导的肥胖小鼠血脂、肝脂和体脂的增加,其可能的作用机制是通过影响ApoB的合成及HL、LPL的活性。研究结果为将罗汉果皂苷开发为新的减肥降脂产品提供了依据。     

Effect of various dietary fat supplementations on liver lipid and glycogen of high-yielding dairy cows in the peripartal period

In a model experiment, Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were fed on a corn-silage-based diet supplemented with 11.75 MJ NE1 per day of calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids (CAS) or hydrogenated triglyceride (HTG) or without fat supplementation (control). All diets were fed to the cows over a period from 21 +/- 3 days (d) prior to the expected calving to d 100 +/- 5 postpartum. On d 25 (basal sample) and d 14 prepartum as well as on d 5 and 25 postpartum liver samples were collected by percutaneous biopsy. Total lipid content, fatty acid composition and glycogen of liver tissues were determined. At d 5 postpartum, both control and CAS cows had higher liver lipid (P < 0.05) and lower glycogen (P < 0.05) concentrations than cows in the HTG group. No significant (P < 0.05) differences were detected in liver fat content among the groups at d 14 prepartum or d 25 postpartum. The glycogen concentration slightly decreased in the liver of cows in each treatment group from d 14 prepartum to d 5 postpartum; however, this decrease was more intensive in both the control and CAS groups than in the HTG group. The variations in liver lipid concentrations were accompanied by significant changes in the proportion of C16:0, C16:1n-7, C18:0, C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6 and C20:4n-6 fatty acids in the liver lipids. The results show that HTG supplementation exerted more advantageous effects on liver lipid and glycogen metabolism than did CAS supplementation.     

德氏乳杆菌对育肥猪血脂指标、胆固醇代谢和脂肪沉积相关酶活性及基因mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加德氏乳杆菌制剂对育肥猪血脂指标、肝脏胆固醇代谢和脂肪沉积相关酶活性、组织胆固醇代谢和脂肪沉积相关基因mRNA表达和皮下脂肪组织形态的影响。试验选用120头平均体重为(65.34±3.64)kg的健康"杜×(长×大)"育肥猪,随机分为2组,每组6个重复(栏),每个重复10头(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.10%德氏乳杆菌制剂的饲粮,预试期7d,试验期42d。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,试验组育肥猪的血清甘油三酯(TG)(P=0.08)和总胆固醇(TC)(P=0.06)含量均有降低趋势,血清总胆汁酸(TBA)含量显著降低(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组育肥猪的肝脏羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGR)活性有降低趋势(P=0.07),胆固醇7α-羟化酶活性(CYP7A1)显著增加(P0.05),脂肪甘油三酯脂酶(ATGL)活性极显著降低(P0.01)。3)与对照组相比,试验组育肥猪的回肠胆汁酸结合蛋白(IBABP)的mRNA相对表达量有降低趋势(P=0.07),皮下脂肪过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)的mRNA相对表达量显著增加(P0.05);皮下脂肪细胞直径有降低趋势(P=0.09)。结果提示,德氏乳杆菌可通过干扰育肥猪回肠对胆汁酸的吸收来调控肝脏胆固醇和脂肪代谢。     

热应激条件下脂肪来源对肉兔生产性能、养分消化率及血清脂质代谢和抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究热应激条件下脂肪来源对肉兔生产性能、养分消化率及血清脂质代谢和抗氧化指标的影响。试验选择30日龄的断奶新西兰兔600只,随机分成5个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,各脂肪添加组分别饲喂含2%牛油、猪油、玉米油、豆油的饲粮。试验兔均饲养在热应激兔舍(温湿指数为29.5±0.5)中。试验期7周。结果表明:与对照组相比,热应激条件下饲粮中添加不同来源的脂肪均可以显著提高肉兔的平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低料重比(P0.05),其中以玉米油的效果最佳。与对照组相比,热应激条件下饲粮中添加不同来源的脂肪均可以显著提高肉兔的干物质和粗蛋白质消化率(P0.05),显著降低粗脂肪消化率(P0.05),但对粗灰分和粗纤维消化率无显著影响(P0.05),其中玉米油组的干物质消化率最高,豆油组的粗蛋白质消化率最高。与对照组相比,热应激条件下饲粮添加牛油或猪油可以显著提高肉兔血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量(P0.05);玉米油组和豆油组肉兔血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量则与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。与对照组相比,热应激条件下饲粮添加豆油和玉米油可以显著提高肉兔血清超氧化物歧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力(P0.05),显著降低血清丙二醛含量(P0.05);牛油组和猪油组血清超氧化物歧化酶活性、总抗氧化能力和丙二醛含量则与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,热应激条件下,饲粮添加不同来源的脂肪均可提高肉兔生产性能及干物质和粗蛋白质消化率,从整体效果来看,玉米油豆油猪油牛油;饲粮添加牛油或猪油可提高肉兔血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量,对机体抗氧化能力的影响不显著;饲粮添加豆油或玉米油对肉兔血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量无显著影响,但可显著提高机体的抗氧化能力。     

蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征模型的建立

试验旨在建立蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征病理模型。选取5日龄的海兰褐蛋鸡公雏280只，随机分为对照组（基础日粮组）和3个模型组（A、B、C组），试验第1~10天给模型组饲喂不同配比的高脂饲料，第11~20天饲喂常规基础日粮，每天观察并记录试验鸡精神状态、外观体征、饮水量和食欲情况，试验第0、10、20天从各组随机抽取15只鸡进行翅静脉采血并剖取肝脏和腹脂，测定肝脏系数、肝脂率、腹脂率，血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）水平。结果显示，试验第10天，3个模型组剖检时可见腹腔和肠系膜有大量的脂肪沉积，肝脏系数、肝脂率和腹脂率，以及血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶指标均符合鸡脂肪肝综合征模型的诊断标准；试验第20天，模型A、B组谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶水平有所恢复，其他指标仍高于对照组，而模型C组的临床症状和各项检测指标仍符合鸡脂肪肝综合征模型的诊断标准。因此采用连续饲喂高脂饲料C（74.5%基础日粮、6%胆固醇、14%猪油、5%蔗糖、0.5%丙基硫氧嘧啶）可成功建立蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征模型。     

不同来源饲料级磷酸氢钙的质量研究

选择硫酸法和盐酸法生产的饲料级磷酸氢钙,对不同来源的饲料级磷酸氢钙的质量进行研究,包括颜色、容重、均匀度、pH、钙、总磷、游离水分的测定。结果表明:硫酸法生产的饲料级磷酸氢钙和盐酸法生产的饲料级磷酸氢钙的质量指标之间存在差异,硫酸法产品pH值高于盐酸法,而在钙含量和游离水含量上面则是盐酸法的产品高于硫酸法的产品。     

Evaluation of various extracted vegetable oils, roasted soybeans, medium-chain triglyceride and an animal-vegetable fat blend for postweaning swine

A total of 280 crossbred pigs weaned at 21 d of age and weighing approximately 6 kg were utilized in five replicates to evaluate pig growth responses when fed a basal diet or one of several dietary lipid sources during a 4-wk postweaning period. A basal corn-soybean meal-corn starch-dried whey diet was compared with diets supplemented at a 7.75% level with one of the following lipid sources: corn oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) or an animal-vegetable blend. A sixth treatment evaluated a roasted soybean diet formulated to an energy:lysine level equivalent to that of the fat-supplemented diets. In Exp. II, 36 crossbred weanling barrows were used to determine apparent fat and N digestibilities when soybean oil, roasted soybean, coconut oil or the MCT-supplemented diets were fed. Although pigs fed coconut oil grew somewhat faster, fat inclusion generally did not increase pig growth rate or result in lowered feed intake during the initial weeks postweaning; during the latter portion of the starter phase the addition of dietary fat resulted in a higher growth rate but feed intake was unaffected, resulting in an overall improvement in feed-to-gain ratio (P less than .05) for all but the roasted soybean diet. Pigs fed coconut oil had higher serum triglyceride and lower serum urea concentrations than did pigs fed diets containing most other lipid sources. Pigs fed MCT and coconut oil diets had a higher (P less than .01) apparent fat digestibility during the initial 2 wk postweaning than pigs fed soybean oil or roasted soybean diets. Pigs fed MCT and roasted soybeans had poorest growth rates; apparent fat and N digestibilities were lowest (P less than .05) for the roasted soybean diet.     

Effect of Lactic Acid Bacterium on Force-feeding Results of Landes Geese

In order to study the effect of lactic acid bacterium on liver performance, fat deposition, slaughter performance, nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indices of Landes geese, a total of 108 12-week-age healthy Landes geese were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 6 geese per replicate.The geese in control group were fed with the diets without lactic acid bacterium during the whole experiment, and the geese in groups A and B were fed with the diets supplemented with 2 000 and 3 000 g/t lactic acid bacterium during 1 to 5 d, respectively;With 3 000 and 5 000 g/t during 6 to 15 d, respectively;And with no lactic acid bacterium during 16 to 25 d.The results showed that compared with the control group, supplementation of lactic acid bacterium could prolong the mature period of liver (P<0.05) and decrease the elimination rate of Landes geese.Compared with the control group, supplementation of lactic acid bacterium could decrease the rate of fat on liver, the average weight of liver, liver weight/weight of bowel and abdominal fat and liver weight/weight gain in group B were significantly decreased (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in slaughter performance among all groups (P>0.05).Compared with the control group, the apparent digestibility of crude fat in group B was significantly increased (P<0.05), the apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in groups A and B were significantly increased (P<0.05).Compared with the control group, the serum content of triglyceride, cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein in groups A and B were significantly decreased (P<0.05).In conclusion, diets with lactic acid bacterium were good to geese, but considering its prevention of fat deposition in liver, lactic acid bacterium was suggested not to be used in force-feeding process.