不同来源微量元素对猪生长性能影响的研究进展

微量元素是动物生产中不可缺少的营养成分之一.它们在动物体内广泛地参与物质代谢的调控,以及酶、维生素和激素的形成及激活作用.论文综述了不同来源微量元素铜、铁、锰、锌在猪体内的吸收,存留和排泄以及对猪生长繁殖的影响.     

仔猪和生长肥育猪微量元素的营养需要量

微量元素在动物体内主要以酶的必需组分或激活剂而参与一系列生理生化反应,进而影响体内的物质代谢和动物的生长发育。动物对微量元素的需要量相对很微小,但作用很大,其他养分无法替代。本文就仔猪和生长肥育猪微量元素营养需要量的研究方法、目前的研究状况、影响需要量的因素和存在问题作一概述,供同行们参考。1　猪微量元素需要量的研究方法研究仔猪和生长肥育猪微量元素需要量的方法从本质上讲可分为两类:剂量反应法与析因法。11　剂量反应法　剂量反应法是确定动物营养需要量最古老、最常用的方法,是利用含有低水平被研究微量元素的实…     

微量元素锌在猪中的作用及其发展前景

微量元素是动物健康和维持正常生理机能所必需的物质，在动物体内主要是酶的必需组成部分（辅酶、辅基），参与体内一系列生理、生化反应，参与蛋白质、氨基酸、核酸、碳水化合物和维生素营养代谢过程。我国是养猪大国，研究和满足猪对微量元素的需要量，发挥猪最大的生产潜力，具有十分重要的意义。     

饲粮中锌的作用及其在猪生产上的应用

锌是动物体内重要的微量元素,在动物体内具有重要的生理作用.在猪生产上,缺乏锌元素容易造成猪采食量降低、生产性能下降、皮肤及被毛损害,严重时能够导致公猪生殖器官发育不良,导致母猪繁殖力下降等.     

仔猪和生长肥育猪微量元素营养需要量的研究进展

微量元素在动物体内主要以酶的必需组分或激活剂参与一系列生理生化反应，进而影响体内的物质代谢和动物的生长发育。动物对微量元素的需要量相对很微小，但作用大，其它养分无法替代。我国是世界第一养猪大国，猪肉在我国人民的肉食结构中约占80％。因此，研究和满足仔猪及生长肥育猪对微量元素的营养需要量，以发挥其最大的产肉潜力，满足我国人民日益增长的对动物性蛋白的需求，具有十分重要的意义。1仔猪和生长肥育猪微量元素需要量的研究方法研究仔猪和生长肥育猪微量元素需要量的方法，从本质上讲可分为剂量反应法与析因法。1．l剂量…     

锌的生理功能及其在猪养殖中的应用

锌是动物生长、发育及繁殖等生理过程中必需的微量元素,根据营养需要量,其是仅次于铁的第二微量元素。锌在动物体内分布广泛且存在组织差异性,空肠和回肠是锌吸收的主要部位,锌调控转运蛋白（zinc-regulated transporter-like proteins,Zip）、锌转运载体（zinc transporter,ZnT）和金属硫蛋白通过调控锌的转运影响动物机体锌的平衡与代谢。锌是动物体内多种酶的组成成分及激活因子,其一方面作为酶的成分调节细胞进程,另一方面作为信号分子参与信号转导,调控动物采食、氧化还原、免疫、代谢及繁殖等生理过程。目前,锌在饲料中应用的形式主要有无机、有机以及纳米锌等,不同形式锌的生物学效价存在差异。饲粮锌与猪采食、抗氧化、免疫、代谢及繁殖等生理功能密切相关,随着猪不同生理阶段营养需求的变化,锌的需要量也不同,此外,饲粮锌的水平及来源不同对猪生理活动的调控及应用效果也存在差异。本文旨在为微量元素锌在猪养殖中的深度发掘提供理论参考,推动中国猪养殖产业的健康发展。     

论高铜饲料对畜禽生长的利和弊

1．1铜的把铁、铜营养作用铜是猪必需的微量元素之一,常常、钴的相似作用联系在一起,概括为与动物造血功能有关的三个微量元素。其实,铜在猪体内具有多方面的生理功能,其中最重要的生理作用是作为金属酶的组成部分参与体内代谢,这些体内关键酶包括细胞色素C氧化酶、过氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、尿酸氧化酶、氨基酸氧化酶、酪氨酸酶、赖氨酸氧化酶、     

猪的微量元素锌营养研究进展

锌是目前发现的微量元素中生理功能最多的,锌参与动物体内蛋白质、氨基酸、核酸、脂肪、碳水化合物和维生素以及微量元素等营养物质的代谢,是骨骼发育、生殖、免疫、凝血、生物膜稳定等生理机能所必需。缺锌导致猪物质代谢和造血功能受阻,通常表现为贫血、骨变形、生长...     

维生素、微量矿物元素对猪生长和胴体品质的影响

养猪生产中,饲料维生素和微量元素通过各种方式影响动物体内蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的合成和代谢,是动物生长和代谢所必需的营养元素。常规饲料原料中,各种维生素和微量矿物元素大部分不能满足猪生长的需要,必须在饲料中添加一定数量的维生素和微量元素添加剂预     

猪对微量元素的需要与补充

微量元素具有多种生理功能。可激发酶和激素的活性,促进有机体生长发育,是动物体内不能合成不可替代的必需营养元素。猪从放牧改为圈养后,排除了从土壤和野草中摄取微量元素营养的机会,微量元素缺乏的     

肉牛微量元素舔砖对肉牛微量元素水平和抗氧化能力的影响

为了研究肉牛微量元素舔砖对肉牛血清中微量元素水平和抗氧化性能的影响,选取河西肉牛20头,随机分为2组,试验组添加肉牛微量元素舔砖,对照组仅饲喂基础日粮。分别在试验初和试验结束时静脉采血,测定肉牛血清中的微量元素水平和抗氧化指标变化。结果表明,肉牛微量元素舔砖可显著提高肉牛血清中Cu、Zn、Se水平,并能显著提高血清中T-SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC水平,降低血清中MDA水平。提示肉牛微量元素舔砖具有显著提高肉牛血清微量元素水平和增强机体抗氧化能力的功效。     

不同来源微量元素铁、锌、锰、铜对罗非鱼生长、代谢和非特异性免疫力的影响

铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)按相同的比例,分别以无机微量元素、氨基酸微量元素(Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu的添加量为无机微量元素的50%)和氨基酸微量元素组合体(Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu的添加量为无机微量元素的50%)的形式添加到罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)的基础饲料中,组成3种试验饲...     

Trace metals and animal health: Interplay of the gut microbiota with iron,manganese, zinc,and copper

Metals such as iron, manganese, copper, and zinc are recognized as essential trace elements. These trace metals play critical roles in development, growth, and metabolism, participating in various metabolic processes by acting as cofactors of enzymes or providing structural support to proteins. Deficiency or toxicity of these metals can impact human and animal health, giving rise to a number of metabolic and neurological disorders. Proper breakdown, absorption, and elimination of these trace metals is a tightly regulated process that requires crosstalk between the host and these micronutrients. The gut is a complex system that serves as the interface between these components, but other factors that contribute to this delicate interaction are not well understood. The gut is home to trillions of microorganisms and microbial genes (the gut microbiome) that can regulate the metabolism and transport of micronutrients and contribute to the bioavailability of trace metals through their assimilation from food sources or by competing with the host. Furthermore, deficiency or toxicity of these metals can modulate the gut microenvironment, including microbiota, nutrient availability, stress, and immunity. Thus, understanding the role of the gut microbiota in the metabolism of manganese, iron, copper, and zinc, as well as in heavy metal deficiencies and toxicities, and vice versa, may provide insight into developing improved or alternative therapeutic strategies to address emerging health concerns. This review describes the current understanding of how the gut microbiome and trace metals interact and affect host health, particularly in pigs.     

Effects of dietary organic and inorganic trace mineral levels on sow reproductive performances and daily mineral intakes over six parities

Dietary trace mineral sources and levels were fed to developing gilts to evaluate their performance responses during the growth phase, but treatments were continued into the reproductive phase in which subsequent reproductive responses were evaluated. In Exp. 1, three groups of gilts (n = 216) were used in a 2 x 2 factorial in a randomized complete block design (6 replicates) with treatment diets initially fed at 30 kg of BW. The first factor was trace mineral source (organic or inorganic), whereas the second factor evaluated dietary levels. The NRC requirement was the first level evaluated, whereas the second level was formulated to average industry standards (IND). Organic trace minerals were mineral proteinates, whereas the inorganic minerals were provided in salt form. The results of Exp. 1 indicated that trace mineral source or level did not affect gilt growth or feed performance responses to 110 kg of BW. Experiment 2 continued with the same females but was a 2 x 3 factorial in a split-plot design using 3 groups of females over a 6-parity period and had a total of 375 farrowings. Factors in Exp. 2 were the same as in Exp. 1, except that 2 additional pens of gilts during their development had been fed the IND level trace mineral levels of both trace mineral sources. At breeding, the gilts from these 2 additional pens were continued on the same trace mineral source and level but fed greater dietary Ca and P levels (IND + Ca:P). Litters were standardized by 3 d postpartum within each farrowing. Sows fed organic trace minerals farrowed more (P < 0.05) total (12.2 vs. 11.3) and live pigs (11.3 vs. 10.6) compared with sows fed inorganic trace minerals. Sows fed the IND + Ca:P level tended to have fewer (P < 0.10) total pigs born for both trace mineral sources. Litter birth weights were heavier (P < 0.05) when sows were fed organic trace minerals, but individual piglet weights were similar. Nursing pig ADG tended to be greater (P < 0.10) when sows were fed organic trace minerals. Other sow reproductive traits (BW, feed intake, and rebreeding interval) were not affected by trace mineral source or level. Daily mineral intake increased by parity but declined when trace mineral intakes were expressed on an amount per kilogram of BW and declined during later lactations. These results suggest that feeding sows organic trace minerals may improve sow reproductive performance, but there were minimal effects on other reproductive measurements.     

Toxic effects of trace element excess

Excesses of many trace elements can cause direct toxic effects to cattle as well as indirect effects that can cause a secondary deficiency of other trace elements. Clinical signs may vary from poor growth and feed utilization to neurologic disorders. Toxic effects vary with the specific trace element in question, the total amount of that element in the diet, the age and condition of the animal, and the presence or absence of certain other dietary components. A diagnosis of toxic trace element interaction is based upon compatible clinical signs in affected animals as well as supporting chemical analyses.     

日粮中添加富硒钴锌苜蓿草粉对三黄鸡屠体品质的影响

 在三黄鸡的日粮中添加10 %的富硒、富硒钴、富硒钴锌等3种高微苜蓿草粉,研究这些草粉对三黄雏鸡产品品质的影响。结果表明：在三黄雏鸡日粮中添加10%的高微苜蓿草粉,能显著提高动物产品中肝脏、肾脏、骨骼肌和心脏中硒的含量,其中肝脏Se含量最高,其次为肾脏。随着日粮中硒量增加,更多硒首先富积在肝脏和肾脏中。而富硒钴和富硒钴锌苜蓿草粉比富硒苜蓿草粉更有利于硒在鸡内脏中富集。另外,添加富硒钴和富硒钴锌苜蓿草粉对肉中蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的含量影响不显著,但能显著提高其中Fe、Cu和Zn的含量。     

三江源退化高寒草原土壤微量元素与植被特征及其关系

为探究三江源不同退化程度高寒草原土壤微量元素与植被特征及其关系,以青海省玛多县地区不同退化程度高寒草原为研究对象,调查植被群落特征,测定土壤微量元素(铁、锰、铜、锌、硼、钼、硒)含量,分析影响高寒草原植被群落退化的关键土壤微量元素。研究结果表明：随着高寒草原退化的加剧,草地盖度逐渐降低,草地多样性、丰富度、地上生物量呈先升高后降低趋势;土壤中微量元素的含量均呈下降趋势;植被群落特征与土壤中铁、锰、铜、锌、硼、硒含量正相关,其中与土壤铁、有效铜、有效硼的含量的关系最为密切。     

Interrelationships Between Age and Trace Element Concentration in Horse Mane Hair and Whole Blood

The use of hair as a sample matrix to determine the mineral status of an animal has received a lot of interest. The objective of this study was to determine if the trace element content in horse mane hair changed with age when evaluated in a group of horses representing a large age range. As a second objective, whole blood trace element content was evaluated, and its relationship to mane hair trace element content, as well as age, were tested. Therefore, mane hair and whole blood samples were obtained from 59 horses, ranging from 2 months to 26 years in age, housed on the same farm. Mane hair samples were washed, and hair and blood digested and analyzed for 11 trace elements. Weak correlations (P < .05) between age and mane hair trace element content was detected for arsenic (r = 0.29), copper (r = −0.39) and selenium (r = −0.27). While the mane hair color did not affect trace element concentration, greater variability was detected in the black mane hair samples. This resulted in outliers that were removed from the final statistical analysis. However, data is presented to the reader both ways. Correlations were also detected (P < .05) between age and whole blood iron (r = 0.62), selenium (r = 0.76) and zinc (r = 0.47). This is similar to what has been reported in horses using serum or plasma. The trace element concentrations of mane hair and whole blood were not correlated (P > .05) in this study. However, the concentrations of trace elements in mane hair were higher than that of blood. Trace elements, specifically chromium and lead, that were below detection levels in the blood, were detectable in mane hair. This suggests that mane hair may be a potential means to investigate suspected exposure to excessive levels of trace minerals or heavy metals that are difficult to detect in blood.     

黑龙江省西部草地有效微量元素的分布与奶牛健康及调控

从食物链的源头上对奶牛业发达的黑龙江省西部草地土壤有效微量元素的分布与奶牛健康进行了研究 ,发现 Se、Cu、Zn、Mn呈缺乏状态。采取对牧草进行微量元素溶液喷施 ,显著提高了牧草的几种微量元素的含量 ,有效地预防了奶牛这些微量元素缺乏症的发生。     

不同海拔高寒草甸土壤微量元素含量及其与植被的关系

为了探究高寒草甸微量元素随海拔的分布特征及其与植被的关系。本研究以东祁连山高寒草甸为研究对象,调查并测定了不同海拔下高寒草甸植被群落和土壤微量元素含量,采用冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)分析土壤微量元素与植被群落的关系。结果表明,高寒草甸植被总盖度、草层盖度、地上生物量、莎草科、豆科和杂类草地上生物量均随海拔的升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,在3 200 m处达最大值,禾本科地上生物量随海拔升高依次降低;土壤钙(Ca)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)和锰(Mn)含量随海拔的升高呈先降低后升高的趋势,土壤镁(Mg)、锌(Zn)和钼(Mo)含量随海拔的升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,土壤钴(Co)含量随海拔的升高依次降低,土壤硒(Se)含量随海拔的升高呈波动性上升;相关性分析和RDA分析表明,土壤微量元素Mo和Fe含量显著影响着高寒草甸植被的生长。综上所述,海拔显著影响着高寒草甸土壤微量元素的分布,高寒草甸土壤管理过程中应该关注微量元素Mo和Fe,建议将微量元素Mo和Fe作为高寒草甸土壤健康评价指标。