禾谷类作物原生质体培养研究进展

植物原生质体在品种改良、基因遗传转化、远缘杂交的应用研究以及生物学的基础理论研究中有着重要的研究价值。为了给禾谷类作物原生质体培养体系的建立提供理论依据,推动禾谷类作物品种遗传改良工作的开展,从原生质体制备、培养、再生、应用四个方面对禾谷类作物原生质体的培养研究进行了详细的阐述,分析了禾谷类作物原生质体制备和培养的主要影响因素,归纳了禾谷类作物原生质体再生的3种途径,对其在遗传改良和理论研究方面的应用进行了总结,并提出了禾谷类作物原生质体培养、遗传转化、细胞融合三个方面存在的问题和今后努力的方向。     

九禾化肥可信流通监管系统的设计与实现

针对化肥流通环节中存在的假冒伪劣产品充斥市场危害农民利益的问题,围绕九禾公司网络成员店规范化管理的需求,以九禾化肥产品为研究对象,基于产品标识编码技术、LINQ to SQL的数据库编程和访问技术、GPRS的信息无线传输技术和角色控制的权限动态分配,构建了基于九禾化肥分销渠道的化肥可信流通监管系统,为九禾公司、分销中心、网络成员店和农户搭建化肥产品流通、销售和使用的信息交互平台,并通过电话、网络和短信为公众提供信息查询、投诉和溯源服务,增强企业信息化管理水平,提高终端店的管理服务水平,确保九禾化肥的可信流通,树立良好的九禾品牌效应,维护农户切身利益,提高农民满意度。     

杂交玉米新品种禾甜糯2的选育报告

介绍了杂交玉米新品种禾甜糯2的选育经过及试验过程中的产量表现,综述了禾甜糯2玉米品种的主要特征特性,提出了禾甜糯2玉米的栽培管理技术、制种要点和适合种植的区域。     

7000万巨额采购 力推花园中心概念——森禾发布2008年采购信息

4月11日,在中国国际花卉园艺展览会举办期间,森禾种业股份有限公司在北京展览馆召开了“2008年度森禾发展战略与采购招标新闻发布会”。森禾种业股份有限公司董事长兼总裁郑勇平、华北区总经理钱振权向与会嘉宾发布了今年以花园中心、销售中心和园林中心为载体的采购计划。目前,森禾公司已经逐渐从种苗生产过渡到产品生产,并通过主导产品强化品牌的科技含量,完善了已有的技术体系。2008年森禾公司将在坚持高科技、强品牌的战略下,开始由生产研发型企业向营销服务型企业转变,争取通过2～3年使森禾公司成为与国际一流跨国公司相抗衡的企业。     

直面"森禾航母"--访浙江森禾种业股份公司董事长郑勇平

“森禾”是浙江森禾种业股份有限公司的简称。森禾创建两年来以其神奇的发展速度和骄人的经营业绩让国内外同行称奇！ 森禾拥有直属生产基地4000亩,联营生产基地3000多亩和两处“全国花卉生产示范基地”; 森禾一系列的品牌产品已面世,而且销路很好;     

森禾花园中心面临的三个瓶颈

经过三年的市场调研,一年多紧锣密鼓的筹备,浙江森禾种业股份有限公司的花园中心呼之欲出。按公司既定的战略,在我国沿海、沿江等经济发达地区,几年内将出现几百个挂着森禾品牌的花园中心。对森禾而言,花园中心已经不是建不建的问题,而是如何建好、运作好的问题。森禾的第一批花园中心     

森禾携手苗木经纪人迈出销售新步伐

7月6日,森禾种业经纪人新闻发布会在北京九华山庄召开。森禾种业的总裁助理梁永红、营销策划总监吴建伟和花木贸易中心总经理沈七一出席了会议并向业界人士展示了森禾产品的新品种。同时,他们正式宣布:森禾种业与首届全国十大苗木经纪人结成战略联盟并举行了苗木销售合作的签约仪式。森禾种业是国内花卉行业的领跑者。这次,由中国花卉报社评选出的首届十大苗木经纪人刚一亮相,森禾种业就与他们达成了合作意向,合作金额达3000多万元,合作品种几乎囊括了森禾种业的所有彩色树种和乡土顶级树种。其中,红叶石楠成为了合作的主导品种。这次花卉业…     

黎平香禾糯发展现状及有机高产栽培技术

为提升黎平香禾糯的品牌价值,通过对香禾糯生产调研,总结多年试验栽培技术研究,集成了一套黎平香禾糯有机高产栽培技术。     

七彩世界舞翩跹--记浙江森禾种业股份有限公司

森禾,一个人们熟知的名字,森禾种业,一个有着强势冲击力的品牌。然而,谁又能用几句话概括森禾,谁又能说得清森禾到底为何名声显赫?是什么力量支撑着它用短短3年时间拥有330名员工,5500亩花卉基地,在全国建立15个区域销售部,创造年产值2亿多元的财富呢?日前,记者带着这些问题走进了森禾总部。     

基于KASP标记的贵州禾群体遗传多样性与结构分析

贵州禾是贵州省特有的一种原生态水稻(Oryza sativa L.),目前对其历史形成过程尚不清楚。因此,本研究选择了121份贵州禾资源和其他地区194份水稻品种,利用120个KASP标记对其遗传多样性和群体结构进行了研究。遗传多样性研究结果表明,贵州禾遗传多样性较为丰富,具有较多的多态性位点数和观测等位基因数。遗传距离结果表明贵州禾与贵州地方粳稻遗传距离最小为0.0197,遗传一致度最高为0.9805;贵州禾与江苏地方粳稻遗传距离和遗传一致度分别为0.0276,0.9727次之。群体结构分析表明当K=3时,90%的贵州禾群体单独聚为一类,而且绝大多数属于粳稻,主要与江苏地方粳稻和贵州地方粳稻聚为一大类。本研究表明贵州禾区别于其他地方粳稻,具有独特的遗传结构,与贵州及江苏地方粳稻的亲缘关系更为密切。本研究结果对了解贵州禾的群体结构及与其他地区水稻品种的亲缘关系,以及探讨贵州禾起源提供一定的理论指导。     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

棉花分子遗传图谱构建和纤维品质性状QTL分析

以陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)中棉所8号和海岛棉(Gossypium barbadense L.) Pima90-53组配衍生的214个单株的F₂群体为材料,构建了包含110个SSR标记和65个AFLP标记的遗传连锁图谱。该图谱共包括42个连锁群,连锁群长度为4.5~147.3 cM,包括2~22个分子标记,标记间平均距离为11.6 cM,总长为2 030 cM,约占棉花全基因组的40.6%。应用复合区间作图法分析该组合的F₂单株和F_2:3家系纤维品质性状,共得到25个纤维品质数量性状基因座(QTL),其中5个与纤维长度相关s,分布在Chr.21、Chr.15、LG2和LG12上,可解释表型变异的10.2%~35.8%;4个与整齐度相关,分布在Chr.21、LG9、LG18和LG12上,可解释表型变异的12.6%~36.6%;7个与马克隆值相关,分布在Chr.9、LG1、LG9、LG20和LG12上,可解释表型变异的11.5%~26.1%;7个与断裂比强度相关,分布在Chr.21、Chr12、Chr.8、LG1、LG4和LG10上,可解释表型变异的16.5%~52.8%;2个与伸长率相关,分布在Chr.9和Chr.21上,可解释表型变异的18.1%和27.1%。LG9、LG12和Chr.21上存在QTL聚集区。     

Floral flavonoids and pH in Dendrobium orchid species and hybrids

Anthocyanidins were identified in 28 Dendrobium species and hybrids selected for analysis based on colour and suitability in cut flower breeding. Flowers designated pink, red, maroon, orange, bronze, and brown in the trade were placed in RHS colour groups red-purple, purple-violet, violet on yellow, greyed-purple on yellow or yellow-orange, and brown. This colour range contained anthocyanins based on cyanidin, with peonidin occurring as a minor pigment. The colours of three blue genotypes, D. gouldii K280-6, D. biggibum ‘blue’, and D. Kultana ‘blue’, were light violet to purple by RHS standards and contained anthocyanins based on cyanidin. Peach-coloured flowers were classified as red or red-purple and included pelargonidin glycosides. Anthocyanin concentrations ranged from 0.13 to 0.18 μmoles/g FW in light lavender and peach, and up to 3.66 μmoles/g FW in brown. Combined cellular and vacuolar pH ranged narrowly from 4.67 to 5.09 among white, peach, lavender, and brown lines. Predominant copigments were flavonol glycosides based on kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, and methylated derivatives. Flavonol aglycones and glycosylation sites differed little among two colour forms of D. gouldii and two D. Jaquelyn Thomas hybrids. Accumulation of quercetin, myricetin, and cyanidin indicated flavonoid 3' and 3',5' hydroxylation activities in several Dendrobium. Additional accumulation of isorhamnetin, syringetin, and peonidin indicated active flavonoid 3'- and 3',5'- O-methyltransferase enzymes. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Identification of genes for resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei in 18 barley genotypes

Barley genotypes Hor 1428, Hor 2926, Hor 3209, BBA 2890, Abyssinian 14, Grannelose Zweizeilige, and Stauffers Obersulzer are resistant to all races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei so far detected in the U.S.A. Heils Franken, Cambrinus, Astrix, Emir, Hiproly, Varunda, Trumpf,Mazurka, Bigo, BBA 2890, and I 5 are resistant to some races and susceptible to others. Previous studies showed that Hor 1428, Hor 2926, Hor 3209, Abyssinian 14, Stauffers Obersulzer, I 5, Heils Franken, Emir, Astrix, Hiproly, Varunda, and Trumpf each have two genes, and BBA 2890, Grannelose Zweizeilige, Cambrinus, Mazurka, Bigo, and BBA 809 each have a single genefor resistance. To determine the genes in specific genotypes and their relationships, all possible crosses were made among the 18 genotypes. Seedlings of parents and F₂ progeny were tested under controlledconditions for resistance to selected races that were avirulent on both parents. Based on segregation within the individual crosses to selected races, at least 26 of 30 genes detected in the 18 genotypes were different. Allelic and linkage relationships of some of the genes were determined. The genetic information should be useful for understanding the host-pathogen interactions and for control of stripe rust using resistance.     

美国Reid种质在中国玉米育种和生产中的作用

分析了20世纪70年代至今美国Reid种质在中国玉米育种和生产中的研究与应用,结果表明优良玉米自交系5003、U8112、掖478、掖107、铁7922、丹9046等和玉米杂交种掖单2、4、12、13号、沈单7号、本玉9号、成单14、雅玉2号、登海11、郑单958和东单60等对中国玉米育种研究和生产应用产生了重大影响,做出了巨大贡献。其间利用的主要杂优模式为美国Reid与旅大红骨、四平头、Lancaster、美国P78599种质、综合种选亚群和Suwan亚群等。新世纪如何继续沿用原有杂优模式和创建新的杂优模式都值得玉米育种家高度重视,为中国玉米育种和生产再上新的台阶奠定基础。     

Agronomic characteristics and genetics of a chromosome interchange in soybean

Summary A chromosome interchange in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) was studied agronomically and genetically, and comparisons of seed or abortion position within the pod were related to chromosome structure. Comparisons were among plants heterozygous for a chromosome interchange (N/T), plants homozygous for the interchange (T/T), and homozygous normal-chromosome plants (N/N). The latter two genotypes were male fertile and female fertile. Heterozygous interchange plants, which are about 50% pollen sterile and ovule sterile, are typical of a large number of plants that have equally frequent alternate and adjacent chromosome segregation. Yield, lodging, plant height, and seed oil and protein percentages among all three genotypes were similar even though significant differences existed for seed weight, seed number, and pod number per plant. Seed abortions were more frequent in the basal position of the pod than in either the middle or apical positions in N/N and T/T genotypes. Ovule abortions in N/T plants were equally frequent among all positions both in two- and three-ovule pods. The middle seed in a three-ovule pod was heavier than the basal or apical seed among all three genotypes.Joint contribution: USDA ARS, and Journal Paper No. J-11300 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA, Project 2471.USDA ARS, Department of Agronomy and Genetics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50001, USA.     

种子处理技术对早播玉米出苗及生理特性的影响

旨在为防御玉米低温冷害提供新技术。以玉米杂交种为材料,设计16个种子处理组别,包括外源植物生长物质及复合溶液、超声波、种衣剂等。通过田间早播方式模拟低温胁迫,研究早播对玉米出苗率、SPAD值、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及过氧化物酶活性的影响。结果表明,种衣剂处理显著提高了早播玉米的出苗率,植株叶绿素SPAD值明显提高。在包衣T8处理下可溶性糖含量与CK相比增加了34.24%,差异显著;在T5、T7、T8和T10包衣处理下可溶性蛋白含量分别增加了8.60%、21.72%、9.70%、19.16%,经过包衣T1、T2、T3、T10、T14、T15处理,过氧化物酶活性有所提高,种子包衣处理组缓解低温损伤效果显著。综上来看,种子引发、超声波处理及种子包衣技术的综合策略提高了早播玉米的抗低温能力,为玉米防灾减损提供了途径。     

基因型和环境对小麦产量、品质和氮素效率的影响

以不同基因型的小麦品种(13个强筋小麦品种和2个中筋小麦品种),不同试验地点(馆陶、宁晋、藁城)和不同施氮水平(0、180、240和300 kg hm~(–2))的田间试验,综合分析基因型、环境对小麦产量、品质、氮肥利用率的影响,以期为优质强筋小麦品种选育、栽培调控及高产提质增效的协同目标提供科学依据。研究表明,不同小麦品种产量在9289～10,088 kg hm~(–2)之间,强筋小麦品种平均产量9548 kg hm~(–2),比中筋小麦品种减产3.1%。藁城、宁晋、馆陶三地的产量分别达9932、9433和9223kghm~(–2)。不同小麦品种籽粒蛋白质均值14.5%,湿面筋28.5%,沉淀指数39.5mL,稳定时间15.4 min,拉伸能量87.5 cm2,最大拉伸阻力428.8 BU。藁优5218、藁优5766、冀麦738、科农2009、师栾02-1、藁优2018、冀麦867综合品质表现较好。馆陶和宁晋的小麦品质性状相对较好,藁城的品质较差。氮肥利用率随施氮量增加呈降低趋势, N180处理的氮肥农学效率、氮肥吸收利用效率、氮肥生理利用率最高,依次为4.3 kg kg~(–1)、26.2%、16.6 kg kg~(–1)。兼顾产量、品质、效率三方面,藁城适宜种植品种有冀麦738、冀麦867、师栾02-1;宁晋有师栾02-1、科农2009、冀麦738;馆陶有藁优5766、藁优2018、师栾02-1。综合考虑小麦产量、籽粒品质和氮素利用率, 180 kg hm~(–2)为本研究条件下的最佳施氮量。     

Immunity to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus: Screening of exotic Solanum species

Summary Accessions from exotic Solanum species, including diploid and tetraploid species, were screened for immunity to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the causal agent of potato ring rot. The diploid species included S. infundibuliforme, S. lesteri, S. megistacrolobum, S. tuberosum Group Phureja, S. polyadenium, S. pinnatisectum, S. raphanifolium, S. sparsipilum, S. sanctae-rosae, S. tuberosum Group Stenotomum, S. toralapanum, and S. verrucosum. The tetraploid species included S. tuberosum Group Andigena, S. acaule, S. fendleri, S. hjertingii, S. oplocense, S. polytrichon, and S. stoloniferum. Apparent immunity was initially found in several diploid species, but was not present during subsequent retesting. Immunity was found in nine accessions of tetraploid S. acaule. These accessions maintained their immunity during testing over an eight-month period. S. acaule appears to be a good source of immunity for introgression studies.