不同天气条件下苹果树液流日变化规律研究

旨在通过对苹果树树干液流变化规律的研究,了解苹果树的冠层耗水量即田间蒸腾量的变化规律。将热扩散式茎流计安装在苹果树主干上,选取3种不同的天气状况,通过数据采集分析树干液流随时间的变化规律,以及灌后树干液流的变化规律。试验结果表明：苹果树树干液流在不同天气状况下大小排列顺序为：晴天>阴天>雨天,晴天和阴天情况下,呈“几”字单峰型曲线,雨天呈多峰曲线;在研究苹果树树干日液流随时间的变化规律发现,在6—9月期间,各月最大值的大小排列顺序为：6月>9月>7月>8月;日均值的大小排列顺序为：6月>8月>7月>9月。在研究灌后苹果树树干液流变化规律发现,不管是峰值还是日树干液流值,灌溉当天的值均为5天中最小的。试验得出的苹果树干液流变化规律,为初步研究苹果树的田间蒸腾量提供了基础数据。     

去雄授粉与花粉贮藏条件对朝天椒杂交结实率的影响

研究结果表明,不同授粉天气与不同授粉时间对朝天椒杂交结实情况有较大的影响,晴天在10：00以前和16：00以后进行授粉效果较好,阴天可全天进行杂交授粉,雨天则不宜进行授粉;去雄方法对朝天椒杂交结实情况没有明显影响,几种去雄方法中徒手去雄用工时间最少;不同挂果层与不同挂果枝的杂交结实情况不同,选择主枝第2～7层花进行杂交授粉效果最好;朝天椒花粉的生活力与温度、空气相对湿度和贮藏时间密切相关,相对低温高温的环境有利于延长花粉的贮藏时间,并能保持较高的杂交坐果率和结籽率。     

频域滤波的水泥路面图像降噪增强方法

针对在水泥路面裂缝图像识别中刻槽和纵向条带状形成的噪声干扰,提出了一种基于频域滤波的降噪增强方法。首先,分析了这两类噪声的频谱特征,并根据空域图像中刻槽的周期性,推导了频域图像中刻槽谱峰的位置,设计了消除这些谱峰的系列滤波器。根据纵向条带状干扰属于低频成分的特性,设计了抑制低频、增强高频的滤波器,经优化滤波器参数达到消除这类干扰的效果。实验结果表明,该方法能够消除两类噪声干扰,同时,增强了裂缝的对比度,为水泥路面裂缝识别提供了理论基础。     

不同施肥法及土壤对氨挥发影响的比较研究

在实验室中利用土壤柱法,以火山性未熟土（植苗土）和厚层富腐殖质的黑褐土（标津土）作为试验土壤,采用土壤表面施入施肥法和与土壤搅拌混合施入施肥法两种施肥法,施入乳牛消化液,对施肥后NH3挥发速度、挥发量进行了144小时的连续测定,以比较表面施肥与混合施肥的差异及土壤性质对NH3挥发的影响,试验结果表明,混合施肥法能极大地抑制NH3挥发,NH3的挥发量在粗砂质的植苗土中远高于富腐殖质的标津土。     

基于广义谐振理论的输电线路中波无源干扰谐振频率预测

现有IEEE（institute of electrical and electronics engineers）标准,目前只能明确0.5~1.7 MHz有限频段的输电线路无源干扰谐振机理。为拓展输电线路无源干扰谐振的研究频率,引入广义谐振理论,提出了一种基于电磁场能量平衡的干扰谐振频率预测构想。将大尺度空间下输电线路铁塔阵列及天线等效为广义封闭系统,从而基于复坡印廷定理,推导了电磁开放系统广义谐振因子的表达式,求解得到的广义谐振因子零值点为无源干扰谐振频点。该方法由于避开了传统将铁塔等效为半波天线的局限,因此可以实现中波频段无源干扰谐振预测。采用IEEE标准算例进行验证,结果表明：1.7 MHz频率以下,基于广义谐振理论的无源干扰谐振频率预测值和缩比模型实测值最大误差不超过±0.169 MHz。     

计及电网停电风险的输电线路动态融冰决策方法

电网发生大面积冰灾情况时，多条输电线路存在覆冰故障隐患，电网稳定运行受到严重威胁，需要提前制定输电线路融冰方案，合理安排融冰顺序。针对此问题，分析输电线路覆冰继续运行给电网带来的停电风险，将与待融冰输电线路相关联的变电站的电气主接线展开，将传统削负荷模型改进后应用于输电网与变电站主接线的组合网络，建立断路器可靠性模型，计算靠后融冰线路因继续运行的电网停电风险；利用计及风速及降雨影响的输电线路覆冰增长预测模型，计算输电线路的覆冰率，根据覆冰率门槛值确定待融冰线路集，基于覆冰严重度模型构建系统全局的覆冰指数指标；综合考虑电网停电风险及系统全局覆冰指数建立输电线路融冰紧迫度指标，动态更新待融冰线路并决策融冰顺序。最后，以IEEE RBTS系统进行算例分析，验证了所提方法的可行性与合理性。     

水稻防病注意“孕期消毒”

<正>今年梅雨期特别长,梅雨期过后晴天少,雨天多,高温高湿的环境有利于多种水稻病害发生。目前,苏皖等地大面积水稻陆续进入拔节期,开始穗分化发育,部分地区移栽稻已进入孕穗期,田间水稻生长繁茂,各种病虫发生和危害也进入了高峰期。各地应密切注意水稻病害发生情况,及时用药防治。     

龙眼储藏保鲜技术

一、采收前、后处理采收前两周左右用防腐剂扑海因500～750倍液,或0．02％2,4-D溶液,或两者混合液对龙眼树进行喷雾,以延长采后储藏时间。本地销售和作加工用的龙眼应于八成半至九成半成熟时采收,远距离销售的要稍早采收。宜选择晴天、阴天的上午10时前或傍晚进行,不宜在雨天、雾天、露水未干时采收。     

金属表面处理用混合硅烷体系中硅烷水解度的测定

硅烷工作液的水解度数据可为建槽过程中浓缩液稀释倍数以及硅烷工作液循环利用研究提供重要依据。以双-（3-三甲氧基硅基丙基）胺（BAS）和乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷（VTAS）的混合体系为研究对象，异丙醇为内标物，采用气相色谱内标法对BAS/VTAS体系中两种硅烷的水解产物CH₃OH和CH₃COOH的浓度进行精确定量，并通过计算得到两种硅烷的水解度数据。该方法的有效性采用红外光谱法、极化曲线和CuSO₄点蚀法进行验证。结果表明：气相色谱法能够有效、快速地表征BAS/VTAS混合体系中两种硅烷的水解度，其结果可作为硅烷水解液性能评判的定量依据。     

喷油抑尘杀虫刘的研充

本文对抑尘杀虫剂的配方进行了研究，将马拉硫磷、白油和表面活性剂在一定条件下混合，使马拉硫磷完全增溶于白油中。通过响应曲面分析得出最佳增溶条件为：花生色拉油：白油＝2：3，最佳表面活性剂用量为16．6％，助表面活性剂用量为1．9％。     

DIGITAL SIMULATION OF HIGH VOLTAGE AC/DC PARALLEL SYSTEMS

The method of companion model is applied to the digital simulation of high voltage hybrid AC/DC systems for the first trme in this thesis.The mathematical model of the digital simulation of hybrid AC/DC systems is represented. This method can model the normal states, faults and games of faults of any hybrid AC/DC systems. The method has a series of advantages : saving the computation and the amounts of memory, high precision and fast calculation and it can be used with convenience. The simulation results of a hybrid AC/DC system arc in consistent with that of theoretical analysis. It shows that the mathematical model, the simulation method and the program in this thesis are correct.     

OPTIMAL ACTIVE POWER ADJUSTMEMT OF LARGE HYBRID AC/DC SYSTEMS AFTER OUTAGE CONTINGENCIES WITH THE APPLICATION IN RELIABILITY EVALUATION

An optimal active power adjustment model is deve in this paper for hybrid AC/DC systems after outage contingencies. The objective of the model is to minimize the rejection of load when some elements are out of service, with adjustment strategy approaching practical system operation. A large number of outage contingencies are simulated when the Monte-Carlo Method is emyloyed to evaluate the system reliability, requiring fast calculation of each simulation. The model and computer method proposed in this paper satisfy such a requirment because of the application of concentric relaxation, recursive branch constraint treatment in linear programming and a direct method for B-1 matrix modification. This paper is concerned with the simplified steady state conditions of the system based on DC load-flow, which implies the reliability indices calculated are the measures about static loss of load. The results for a 14-bus hybrid AC/DC system are given.     

ANTICIPATED FAIIURE ANALYSIS OF HVAC/DC HYBRID SYSTEMS

A method of anticipated failure analysis(AFA)in HV AC/DC hybrid systems is presented in this paper for the first time. In this method node-injection-power is used to simulate outage states of AC/DC branch circuits, linked with the fast decoupled load flow, to obtain the load flow solutions after the anticipated failures. An example for calculation in this paper shows the effectiveness and correctness of this method and computer programs.     

Influence of variety, seed position and seed source on screening for coleoptile length in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

A study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of somaclonal variation as a means to obtain powdery mildew resistance in the background of an agronomically elite, high-yielding barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar. A total of 170 R_o-derived lines were regenerated from embryo-induced callus of the barley cultivar Léger. Forty-five lines were selected and evaluated in replicated field plots at two locations in Eastern Canada. In comparison with Léger, one of the 45 lines was higher yielding, one produced a greater test weight, two had a greater seed weight, and one was shorter in plant height. Three lines were found to segregate for resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC ex Merat f. sp. hordei EM). Many of the single-plant selections from the three resistant lines showed resistance to powdery mildew under field conditions for two years. Three lines were eventually promoted to the official registration tests in Ontario. One of the three lines was subsequently registered as a new cultivar (AC Malone) in Canada. To our knowledge, AC Malone is the world's first barley cultivar selected from somaclonal variation. The results of this study demonstrate that it is possible to obtain high- yielding or disease-resistant lines from callus culture in barley. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

应用等电聚焦电泳测定玉米种子的纯度

应用灵敏度、分辨率和重复性均较高的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦(IEF)电泳测定150多种玉米自交系和90多种玉米杂交种的胚及幼芽的酯酶(EST)同工酶，通过对酶谱的比较和遗传分析，发现它们的酶谱各有特点，而且相互间又有很显著的差异，这些差异正是它们基因型差异的反映。因此，酶谱的特点及差异为玉米自交系和玉米杂交种种子纯度的鉴定从遗传和生化角度提供了科学依据。     

Molecular and agronomic evaluation of wheat doubled haploid lines obtained through maize pollination and anther culture methods

Although maize pollination (MP) and anther culture (AC) are alternative techniques widely used for wheat doubled haploid (DH) production, there is only limited information on the attributes of the plant materials produced through both methods. This study was conducted to evaluate genetic fidelity, transmission of parental gametes, and to compare field performance of DH populations produced by the MP and AC methods from the F1s of two crosses between spring bread wheat cultivars. The DH populations were compared to single seed descent (SSD) lines created from the same crosses. In total, 76 MP and 122 AC lines of the cross between cultivars of divergent origin were subjected to RAPD and AFLP analysis. Only changes in AFLP banding patterns, at similarly low frequencies, 0.18% (MP) and 0.21% (AC), were detected. The frequency of the DH lines affected by the variation, 14.5% (MP) and 14.8% (AC), was similar in both populations. For most of the DH lines, variation in 1‐2 loci only, out of several hundreds scored, was observed. A total of 14.3% (MP) and 22.2% (AC) marker loci showed the significant segregation distortion from the expected 1 : 1 ratio, but in at least one polymorphic locus the within‐cultivar variation was responsible for the skewed segregation. The field performance of the corresponding MP and AC lines derived from two crosses confirmed the equivalency of both DH populations. In most of the traits analyzed, the MP and AC lines performed the same as the SSD populations created from the same crosses. No, or very small differences in means and ranges, were observed when the best 10% of the lines from all three methods were compared. Moreover, the best 10 % of the lines of the cross between Polish wheat cultivars adapted to the local environment performed significantly better for some traits than different groups of checks used in the study.     

Novel Image-adaptive Watermarking Algorithm

Digital watermarking is an effective method to provide copyright protection for digital media. A blind image- adaptive watermarking algorithm based on DCT domain is presented. The algorithm selects adaptively the step size of quantization to embed the watermark bits by modifying DC components via the human visual system model and local characteristics of image; at the same time some AC components of the blocks with less perceptual capacity are also modified to embed the same watermark bits by using quantization. Thus the relation between robustness and imperceptibility can be well balanced. The algorithm recovers the watermark without any reference to the original image. Compared with the similar algorithm reported in the literature, this method can give better image quality and is better robust against noise and commonly used image processing techniques.     

Comparisons between doubled haploid lines produced by anther culture,the Hordeum bulbosum-method and lines produced by single seed descent in barley crosses

Summary Possible negative effects of tissue culture on qualitative and quantitative characters have been investigated in three crosses of spring barley, using doubled haploid lines produced by anther culture (AC, with maltose as a carbon source) or the Hordeum bulbosum-method (HB). In one cross inbred lines produced by single seed descent (SSD) have also been included. Quantitative characters were investigated in a 2-year field experiment at one location. The results show that although the methods in the majority of cases gave similar results, the genotypic arrays produced were not identical. Different markers deviated in the various cross/method combinations. The ranking of methods as well as the frequencies of lines transgressive for grain yield differed between crosses. Thus no consistently negative impact of anther culture in barley has been found, and, although not identical, the various methods may be considered equivalent.Abbreviations AC Anther Culture method - SSD Single Seed Descent method - HB Hordeum bulbosum method     

不同时期水稻主要恢复系、不育系的遗传差异变化研究

用AFLP技术分析了我国不同年代广泛应用的野败型杂交水稻19个恢复系和13个不育系的遗传差异,同时基于其农艺性状进行了聚类,结果表明:（1）基于标记和性状两种聚类在不育系和恢复系的区分上一致,而在恢复系内和不育系内的遗传差异检测上有较大差异;（2）我国水稻亲本间的遗传差异较大,且在不育系与恢复系间>恢复系内>不育系内;（3）恢复系内的遗传差异以早期小于中期、近期,其与不育系间的遗传差异也存在同样的关系,这与20世纪80年代中、后期我国杂交水稻产量大幅度提高,90年代后一直徘徊不前的变化趋势一致;（4）不育系内的遗传差异后期大于前期,但它与恢复系间的遗传差异前、后期不显著;（5）不同年代恢复系的分子标记遗传差异变化趋势与杂交水稻产量变化趋势一致,分子标记揭示的遗传差异可为杂交育种中恢复系的选择提供参考。     

利用Wx基因分子标记辅助选择技术培育中等直链淀粉含量的恢复系

为培育中等直链淀粉含量的水稻恢复系,以HC086为供体亲本(其Wx基因来自美国水稻品种Francis),以优良的水稻恢复系R898、R476、R838、R6547为受体亲本,利用PCR-AccI分子标记检测技术在回交世代进行辅助选择,将供体材料控制直链淀粉的Wx基因导入到不同恢复系中。对后代株系的基因型及其直链淀粉含量的分析结果表明,直链淀粉含量普遍有了显著提高,受体亲本的直链淀粉含量由10.6-14.4%提高到了18.0-21.4%。改良株系与广占63S和Y58S的配组实验表明,F1代杂交种的直链淀粉含量较原组合有显著提高,并达到适中直链淀粉含量水平,且主要农艺性状没有发生显著改变。说明分子标记辅助选择是改良水稻品种直链淀粉含量的快速有效的方法。