鸡肾型传染性支气管炎抗体研究

将鸡肾型ＩＢＶ ＡＳ分离株的鸡胚尿囊液毒接种２８日龄ＳＰＦ鸡，并采用该毒株制备油乳剂活苗进行二免和三免，采集不同免疫期的鸡血样，用间接酶联免疫吸附试验检测了血清ＩＢＶ抗体产生的动态变化。结果表明，接种８ｄ后，血清抗水平显著升高，在１２ｄ时基本达到峰值，二免、三免两周后鸡群血清抗体水平首免１２ｄ的血清抗体水平平均无明显升高。三免后的血清抗体血凝抑制效价达到６－９１ｏｇ２，暗示了该免疫期的鸡血清可用于     

应用高免卵黄抗体防治鸭病毒性肝炎的研究

应用雏鸭肝炎病毒（ＤＨＶ）鸡胚化弱毒株（ＱＬ７９）和鸭病毒性肝炎油剂苗免疫鸡制备了高免卵黄抗体。考察了使用高免卵黄抗体治疗雏鸭病毒性肝炎（ＤＶＨ）的疗效。结果表明，用卵黄抗体治疗ＤＶＨ的疗效取决于卵黄抗体的中和效价及治疗的时间。卵黄抗体的中和效价应达２８．５以上，治疗最佳时间应在ＤＨＶ强毒进入鸭体后２８小时内，抗体效价在２８．５以下或错过最佳时间或超过３６小时，则治疗效果极差。     

鸡抗犬瘟热病毒高免卵黄抗体最佳免疫程序及检测方法的筛选

为了获得高效价鸡抗犬瘟热病毒高免卵黄抗体,试验通过设计免疫程序免疫试验蛋鸡和筛选的卵黄抗体效价检测方法对氯仿法提取的卵黄抗体液进行鸡抗犬瘟热卵黄抗体效价检测并比较,筛选鸡抗犬瘟热病毒高免卵黄抗体最佳免疫程序,并作无菌与保存条件的探讨。结果表明:血凝及血凝抑制试验可作为鸡抗犬瘟热卵黄抗体效价的检测方法;按照基础免疫、加强免疫、强化免疫均间隔9 d,免疫剂量分别为1 m L/次、2 m L/次、3 m L/次的免疫程序能获得1∶512的鸡抗犬瘟热病毒卵黄抗体血凝抑制效价,为此次探讨的鸡抗犬瘟热病毒高免卵黄抗体最佳免疫程序,-20℃保存温度适合长期保存氯仿法粗提的鸡抗犬瘟热病毒卵黄抗体液。     

鸡抗鸭病毒性肝炎(DVH)高免卵黄抗体的研制

应用雏鸭肝炎病毒鸡胚化弱毒株和ＤＶＨ油乳剂苗免疫鸡制备了高免卵黄抗体。通过实验室试验及临床应用,表明卵黄抗体治ＤＶＨ的疗效取决于卵黄抗体的呼效价和治疗的时间。卵黄抗体的中和效价应达２＾８．５以上,并且在感染ＤＶＨ２４ｈ以内对雏鸭进行肌肉注射,免疫效果为最适宜。     

鸡病毒性关节炎弱毒苗的研制

应用具有良好安全鸡病毒关节炎病毒弱毒ＪＮ－１株免疫１日龄肉鸡４０只，分别用琼脂扩散试验，间接ＥＬＩＳＡ和中和试验检测免疫鸡血清中的ＡＶＡＶ抗体。中和抗体于免疫后７ｄ开始出现，１４ｄ后全部阳转，ＥＬＩＳＡ抗体也于免疫后７ｄ开始显示阳性，２１ｄ后全部阳转，琼脂扩散抗体于免疫后１４ｄ开始阳性，２８ｄ以后全部显示阳性，分别在免疫后７、１４、２１和２８ｄ于足掌皮下用强毒攻击免疫鸡，临床保护率分别为２／１０、     

间接ELISA检测鸭肝炎病毒抗体的研究

以蔗糖密度梯度离心法纯化的病毒作为包被抗原，建立了检测鸭肝炎病毒（ＤＨＶ）抗体的间接ＥＬＩＳＡ方法。经特异性及重复性试验，效果良好。ＥＬＩＳＡ效价与琼扩、中和效价存在平行关系。经ＥＬＩＳＡ检测，１日龄雏鸭免疫后，４日龄可检出ＥＬＩＳＡ抗体，１０日龄达到峰值。ＤＨＶ高免血清在雏鸭体内作用维持时间为１０ｄ左右。攻毒保护试验表明，攻毒前雏鸭的血清抗体水平与攻毒后雏鸭存活率具直接相关性。     

应用高免卵黄抗体防治鸭病毒性肝炎的研究

应用雏鸭肝炎病毒（ＤＨＶ）鸡胚化弱毒株（ＱＬ７９）和鸭病毒性肝炎油剂苗免疫鸡制备了高免卵黄抗体，考察了使用高兔卵黄抗体治疗雏鸭病毒性肝炎（ＤＶＨ）的疗效。结果表明，用卵黄抗体治疗ＤＶＨ的疗交取决于卵黄抗体的中和效价及治疗的时间，卵黄抗体的中和效应应达２＾８．５以上，治疗最佳时间应在ＤＨＶ强毒进入鸭体后２８小时内，抗体效价在２＾８．５以上或过最佳时间或超过３６小时，则治疗效果极差。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病蜂胶灭活苗的研究：疫苗制造安全性与免疫效力试验

用分离自甘肃兰州和天水的鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒Ｌ２株和Ｔｓ株，以对倍的蜂胶水乳剂为佐剂，制备鸡传染性法氏囊病蜂胶灭活疫苗。用该苗０．５ｍｌ接种５日龄或７日龄雏鸡，免疫后２１天ＡＧＰ抗体阳性率可达５０％－６０％；免疫后２８天，ＡＧＰ抗体阳性率可达１００％。用该苗１ｍｌ免疫产蛋鸡，免疫后２１天ＡＧＰ卵黄抗体效价可达１：６４以上。     

不同提纯方法对鸡传染性法氏囊高免卵黄抗体效价影响的研究

为提高鸡传染性法氏囊卵黄抗体防治鸡传誊性法氏囊病的效果,比较不同提纯方法对鸡传染性法氏囊高免卵黄抗体效价的影响。通过直接离心法、酸化水提取法、氯仿提取法、聚乙二醇法四种方法分别提取高免蛋高免卵黄抗体并测定其提取前后抗体效价。试验结果表明,自制卵黄抗体效价为1：64;直接离心法的抗体效价为1：128,酸化水提取法的抗体效...     

鸭坦布苏病毒冻干高免卵黄抗体的研制

本研究用鸭坦布苏病毒病灭活苗三次免疫SPF蛋鸡,收取高免鸡蛋,制备成冻干高免卵黄抗体;用鸡胚中和试验和间接ELISA方法进行效价检测。试验结果显示,第3次免疫后2周,卵黄抗体中和效价为1∶103.5,4、5周达到最高值1∶104.5;间接ELISA方法检测冻干前后的抗体效价结果均为阳性;对鸭坦布苏病毒强毒的攻毒保护率达100%,可为鸭坦布苏病毒的防控提供一种有效的冻干高免卵黄抗体制剂。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.