野猪、松辽黑母猪及其杂交一代多性状功能基因分子遗传标记研究

本研究旨在应用"中芯一号"家猪分子育种基因芯片了解试验猪群重要经济性状功能基因遗传变异，为选留优秀育种个体提供有效信息。选择影响猪脂肪沉积、肉质、生长、抗病和被毛表型等性状功能基因有效突变位点作为分子遗传选育标记，以野猪、松辽黑母猪及其杂交一代共计106头个体作为实验动物模型，通过"中芯一号"猪分子育种芯片检测，对试验猪不同性状功能基因有效突变位点进行统计分析。结果表明，猪脂肪沉积性状功能基因（SCD和MYH4）有效突变位点在试验猪群中全部是肌内脂肪沉积有利基因型（CC、TT）；肉质性状功能基因（PHKG1、PRKAG3和RYR1）有效突变位点，除了21头猪携带有RYR1功能基因有效突变位点对肉质性状不利的等位基因T外（杂合基因型CT），其他个体全部为肉质性状有利基因型（CC、GG、CC）；抗病性状功能基因MUC13有效突变位点的抗病有利等位基因纯合基因型（GG）所占比例高于杂合（GA）和不利等位基因纯合基因型（AA）；生长性状功能基因（HMGA1、VRTN和CCKAR）有效突变位点检测发现，猪群中没有增加体长趋势的HMGA1突变位点的TT基因型个体，仅有1个杂合体；肋骨数功能基因VRTN有效突变位点T等位基因频率高，对个体的胸椎数有增加趋势；功能基因CCKAR有效突变位点全部是有利于增加采食及日增重的C等位基因纯合基因型；被毛表型性状KIT功能基因有效突变位点在所有检测猪个体呈现出GG基因型，说明研究猪群中不存在影响白色被毛表型的基因突变位点，与试验猪群被毛表型结果一致。以上结果为猪群进一步育种规划提供了有益信息。

Study on Molecular Genetic Marker of Multi-traits Functional Genes in Wild Boars,Songliao Black Sows and Their Hybrid First Generation

The purpose of this study was to understand the genetic variation of important economic traits and functional genes in experimental pig population using molecular breeding gene chip of "Zhongxin No.1",so as to provide effective information for selecting excellent breeding individuals.In this study,the effective mutation sites from the functional genes were selected as molecular genetic breeding markers.Those functional genes control the fat deposition,meat quality,growth,disease resistance and coat color phenotype of pigs.A total of 106 individuals inclding wild boars,Songliao Black sows and their hybrids generation were used as experimental animal model.The effective mutation sites on functional genes controlling different traits from experimental animals were statistically analyzed by pig molecular breeding chip "Zhongxin No.1".The results showed that the effective mutation sites for the functional genes controlling fat deposition traits (SCD,MYH4) in pigs were favorable genotypes (CC,TT) for intramuscular fat deposition.The effective mutation sites for the functional genes controlling meat quality trait (PHKG1,PRKAG3,RYR1) were the favorable genotypes (CC,GG,CC) except 21 pigs carrying allele T (heterozygous genotype CT) with effective mutation site of RYR1 functional gene which was unfavorable to meat quality traits.The proportion of homozygous genotype (GG) for disease-resistant favorable allele at the effective mutation site of disease-resistant trait functional gene MUC13 was higher than that of heterozygous (GA) and unfavorable allele homozygous genotype (AA).The detection of effective mutation sites for growth trait functional genes (HMGA1,VRTN,CCKAR) found that there was only one heterozygote,without individuals having TT genotype with the HMGA1 mutation site for body length increase in pigs.The frequency of VRTN effective mutation site T allele controlling rib number was high,which controlled the increase of the number of individual thoracic vertebrae.The effective mutation site for functional gene CCKAR were all C allele homozygous genotype that were beneficial to increase feed intake and daily weight gain.The effective mutation site for KIT functional gene controlling coat color phenotype traits were GG genotype in all tested animals,indicating that there were no gene mutation sites affecting white coat phenotype in the studied pigs.The above results were consistent the coat phenotype of experimental pigs.These results would provide useful information for pig breeding schemes.