乌鲁木齐市旅游气候与旅游气候舒适度分析

利用乌鲁木齐1962-2011年的月气温、降水、相对湿度、风速、日照时数等影响旅游气候舒适度资料，对其进行年际、年内变化规律分析。在计算温湿指数（THI）、风寒指数（WCI）和着衣指数（ICL）的基础上，构建了一个新的综合气候舒适度评价模型，分析乌鲁木齐市综合旅游气候舒适度，划分出适宜于旅游的季节。结果表明：乌鲁木齐市5-9月为适宜旅游期，4月为年内旅游从不适宜到适宜的过渡期，10月为年内旅游从适宜到不适宜的转变期，11月至翌年3月为不适宜旅游期。近50 a以来，乌鲁木齐市气温升高、风速降低、降水量增加、相对湿度基本保持稳定，气候特征呈暖湿化趋势，有利于吸引更多的游客，并增加了游客出游期间的舒适度；冬春季气温的升高，使全年中适宜旅游的时间增加，对旅游业发展有促进作用。

Tourism Climate and Its Comfort Degree in Urumqi

Climate is consisted of temperature, air relative humidity, wind speed, sunshine, precipitation and other factors, and the interaction among the factors affects the natural ecosystems and human activities. Studying the regional tourism climate could not only provide the meteorological evidences for the tourism development, but could also help the tourism operators to choose the appropriate activities, time and places for tourists. According to the meteorological data in Urumqi during the period from 1962 to 2011, in this paper the main tourism climatic factors, such as the air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed and sunshine duration, were analyzed. Based on calculating and analyzing the hydrothermal index, wind chill index and clothing index, a new integrated comfort index model was developed to analyze the integrated comfort degree of tourism climate in Urumqi, and the grades of tourist fitness and time distribution are divided. The results are as follows: ① The traveling period in Urumqi was from May to September, and April was the month turning from unsuitability to suitability, October was the month shifting from suitability to unsuitability, and the period from November to next March was not suitable for travel; ② During the study period, both the air temperature and precipitation were increased, wind speed was reduced, the change of relative humidity was slight, the climate was trended towards a warming wetting pattern, and such climate would attract more and more visitors and increase their comfort degree during their trip; ③The suitable travel duration would be extended, and this change would promote the tourism development in Urumqi.