Report of resistance to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid in Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) |
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Authors: | Gorman Kevin Devine Gregor Bennison Jude Coussons Peter Punchard Neville Denholm Ian |
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Institution: | Rothamstead Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK. kevin.gorman@bbsrc.ac.uk |
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Abstract: | Susceptibilities of UK and mainland European samples of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid were investigated over a 7 year period. All 24 strains collected between 1997 and 2003 showed similar baseline levels of susceptibility to that of a known susceptible laboratory strain when exposed to a diagnostic concentration (128 mg L(-1)) of formulated imidacloprid. Two samples collected during 2004, one from the UK and one from The Netherlands, demonstrated reduced susceptibility at this concentration. Using dose-response assays, the presence of resistant individuals was disclosed in both these strains; some individuals were unaffected at doses high enough to induce phytotoxic effects. This report represents the first confirmed cases of neonicotinoid resistance inducing control failures in T. vaporariorum, and highlights a need for careful vigilance to sustain the effectiveness of imidacloprid and related neonicotinoid insecticides. |
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Keywords: | Trialeurodes vaporariorum whitefly glasshouse greenhouse bemisia imidacloprid |
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