福建罗源湾贝类的养殖容量

以海洋生态系统营养动力学为理论依据,通过现场对位于南海南部的罗源湾叶绿素a、初级生产力、生态效率、浮游植物有机碳含量、养殖贝类有机碳含量及其含壳重与鲜组织重比值、养殖贝类和野生滤食性动物滤水率、潮间带和潮下带及吊养区附着滤食性动物现存量等的调查和检测。应用营养动态模型、沿岸能流模型估算贝类生态容量,进而扣除野生滤食性动物现存量以估算贝类养殖容量,同时采用已报道模型估算贝类养殖容量,并用统计分析法估算贝类及其各品种的适养面积。3种模型估算的罗源湾贝类养殖容量分别为104064t,127321t,113675t。贝类适养总面积为2622hm2,其中缢蛏450hm2、牡蛎2000hm2、贻贝125hm2、菲律宾蛤仔20hm2、泥蚶27hm2。罗源湾1999年已经超容量养殖,必须调整养殖面积和数量,优化养殖种类结构,实现生态养殖,达到贝类养殖持续健康、高质、高效发展。

Culture capacity of shellfish in Luoyuan Bay, East China Sea

Luoyuan Bay is a semi-closed bay, located in the south of East China Sea, surrounded by Luoyuan County and Lianjiang County, Fujian Provice. It has a total water area of 136.6 km~2 and beach area of 117.56 km~2. In the past five years, shellfish culture has developed increasingly year by year. In 1999, the culture area was 2 814 hm~2 and the production of shellfish was 120 845 t. The culture area has a tendency of enlarging up to now. So the culture capacity of shellfish and the suitable culture area have been a considerable problem and have been paid more attention by the local government and researchers. The investigation was conducted from 2000 to 2002 to evaluate the culture capacity. Based on the theory of nutritional dynamics in marine ecological system, the investigation and determination was carried out on chlorophyll a, primary production, ecology effects, organic carbon content in plankton and cultured shellfish, and the weight ratio of whole shellfish and fresh tissue, filtering ratio of cultured shellfish and wild filtering animal, existence of filtering animal in tidal area, under tidal area and hanging culture area. Nutrition motive model and coastal energy flowing model were used to estimate shellfish ecological capacity. The shellfish culture capacity was estimated by excluding the existence of wild filtering animal. Fang Jian-guang's model was also used to estimate proper culture area for each shellfish species. Statistic analysis was used to estimate proper culture area for each shellfish species. The shellfish culture capacities of Luoyuan Bay estimated by the three models were 104 064 t, 127 321 t and 113 675 t, respectively. The shellfish proper culture area in total was 2 622 hm~2,among which Sinonovacula constricta was 450 hm~2, oyster 2 000 hm~2, mussel 125 hm~2, short-neck clam 20 hm~2, blood clam 27 hm~2. Obviously, the culture amount in 1999 was over its capacity. It is necessary to regulate the culture area and quantity, and to improve the culture structure of species and accomplish ecological culture, so that the sustainable development of shellfish culture can be attained.