黄海小黄鱼（Pseudosciaena polyactis）生态和种群动态的研究

本文通过１９８５年至１９９０年的大规模黄海调查，对小黄鱼的资源分布、种群结构、生殖和摄食、生长和死亡的变化进行了分析研究，表明八十年代以来小黄鱼种群结构趋于简单、性成熟提前、生长加快。当前捕捞死亡率过高，以至于小黄鱼大部分群体在性成熟之前已被捕获。在八十年代中期，小黄鱼的资源量已降至五十年代的十至十五分之一。渔获量和资源量的下降主要是由于过度捕捞所致。只要黄海周围过高的捕捞力量的存在，小黄鱼资源很难得以恢复并达到最大持续产量。若将目前的捕捞死亡系数至少降低５０％，开捕年龄应不低于２龄，则其资源才有可能恢复。

ECOLOGY AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF SMALL YELLOW CROAKER (PSEUDOSCIAENA POLYACTIS BLEEKER) IN THE YELLOW SEA

By surveys from 1985 to 1990, changes in abundance distribution and population structure, reproduction and feeding, growth and mortality of small yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena ployactis Bleeker) in the Yellow Sea are analyzed. Simplification of present population structure, and earlier maturation than that in the 1980s, and increase of growth rate have been observed. The fishing mortality is so high that the individuals are caught before they are sexually mature in the Yellow Sea that leads to the growth over fishing. It is suggested that the current fishing mortality be reduced at least by 50%, and the age at first capture be increased to 2 years and elder. As long as high fishing efforts exist in the Yellow Sea, it is impossible for the stock to recover and to reach maximum sustainable yield. In the 1980s, the stock size has been decreased to about 1/ 10th-1/15th of the level of the 1950s. The decline of the catch and biomass at present is attributed to overfishing. Some possible management measures are proposed for this stock in the Yellow Sea.