对虾发光病生物防治技术的初步研究

本文探讨了应用哈维氏弧菌噬菌体对致病菌哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)的特异性噬菌作用防治对虾发光病的必要性和可行性.实验表明:从对虾育苗场分离的对虾发光病致病菌哈维氏弧菌对46种抗菌药物的敏感性逐年减弱,1993年尚有28种敏感药物,其中中度以上敏感的有12种;而到了2003年敏感药物则只剩下9种,中度敏感的仅为头孢三嗪和壮观霉素2种,在养殖生产中常用的几种药物几乎都变为不敏感.在试验水体中添加该噬菌体可使哈维氏弧菌的数量减少2～3个数量级,可以相对减少对虾发光病的发生和虾苗的死亡.实验还显示试验虾苗的死亡与噬菌体的效价高低无关,而与加入的噬菌体上清液的有机质含量有关.

A Primary Study of Prevention and Cure of Penaeid Shrimp Luminous Disease by Using Biological Control Methods

By using the trait that Vibrio harveyi bacteriophages have a special phagocytosis on Vibrio harveyi pathogens, this paper discussed the pessibility of preventing and curing penaeid shrimp luminous disease. The test indicated that Vibrio harveyi, the disease pathogen, separated from shrimp hatchery showed a low effective sensitivity to 46 antibiotics annually. In 1993, therewere 28 kinds of effective antibiotics including 13 kinds of moderate or above sensitive drugs. But the sensitive drugs remained 9 kinds including 2 kinds of moderate sensitivity in 2003. Most of regular drugs used in aquicultire industry have obviously turned low effective to the disease. When Vibrio harveyi bacteriophage were added to test culture water, the amount of Vibrio harveyi could reduce 2 - 3 degrees, and there was a decrease in the occurring of luminous disease and mortality of shrimp. The results also showed that the mortality of test shrimp seedling was not interrelated with the concentration of Vibrio harvey/bacteriophages, but interrelated with the filtrate volume of those.