两种甘薯饲料原料的营养成分及其对仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)摄食与生长的影响

在刺参配合饲料中添加6个比例(10％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％)的甘薯块根粉与甘薯蔓茎粉,测定两种甘薯饲料原料的营养成分及其对仿刺参摄食与生长的影响.结果显示,甘薯块根粉中粗蛋白含量为10.01％,甘薯蔓茎粉中粗蛋白含量为5.54％;每100 g甘薯块根与蔓茎粉中氨基酸总量分别为7.33 g和4.37 g.在30 d的实验期间,投喂添加甘薯块根粉饲料的实验组仿刺参平均体重随实验时间呈上升趋势,实验结束时,10％和20％组特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组(P＜0.05), 30％组SGR与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05).投喂添加10％甘薯蔓茎粉的实验组仿刺参SGR与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05),其余各组SGR均低于对照组(P＜0.05).投喂添加10％、20％甘薯块根粉饲料的实验组仿刺参食物转化率(FCE)显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),投喂添加10％甘薯蔓茎粉饲料的实验组FCE与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05),其余各实验组仿刺参FCE显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).结果表明,当甘薯块根粉和甘薯蔓茎粉添加比例分别低于30％和10％时,可满足刺参的营养需求,提高饲料利用效率,保证并促进仿刺参的摄食与生长.

The Nutritional Effects of Two Feedstuffs from Sweet Potato on Feeding and Growth of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

In recent years the prices for macroalgae such as sargassum have been rising due to higher demands on the seaweed during the expansion in the sea cucumber aquaculture. In this study, we investigated the nutritional components of two feedstuffs and their effects on the feeding and growth of sea cucumber. The experimental diets were formulated with tuber and stem powders from sweet potato at 6 levels (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60%). The results showed that the crude protein contents in the tuber and stem powders were 10.01% and 5.54% respectively. The total amino acids per 100 g tuber and stem powders were 7.33 g and 4.37 g respectively. During a 30-day experiment, the average body weight of sea cucumber fed with the tuber powder continued to increase. At the end of the experiment, the SGRs in the 10% group and the 20% group were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05), whereas there was no difference between the 30% group and the control group (P>0.05). The SGR of sea cucumber fed with the stem powder in the 10% group was not significantly different from that in the control (P>0.05), while SGRs in the other groups were significantly lower than that in the control (P<0.05). The FCEs of sea cucumber fed with the tuber powder of the 10% and the 20% group were significantly lower than that in the control group. The FCE of sea cucumber fed with the stem powder in the 10% group was similar to the control, but it was significantly higher in other groups compared to the control (P<0.05). These results suggested that 30% tuber powder and 10% stem powder (or less) could improve the feeding and growth of sea cucumber.