生物絮团对水质的调控作用及仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参生长的影响

采用模拟实验与现场实验相结合的方法,通过添加3种微生态制剂及碳水化合物作为碳源,研究了其在生物絮团形成与水质调节中的作用,并分析了其对水中无机氮含量、悬浮物、细菌总数及幼参生长的影响,为阐明生物絮团在刺参工厂化苗种培育中的生态环境调控作用提供依据。结果表明,亚硝态氮易于在培育池水体中累积,可高达0.25 mg/L;添加芽孢杆菌后,水中总悬浮物含量和细菌总数均为最高值,且未检测到弧菌和大肠菌群;第20天,仅添加蔗糖组幼参增重与特定生长率均明显高于其他复合碳源组和对照组(P0.05),分别为44.34 g和2.19%/d;而添加蔗糖和芽孢杆菌组增重与特定生长率均明显高于其他处理组和对照组(P0.05),分别为66.60 g和3.01%/d;复合碳源组幼参增重与特定生长率随着玉米淀粉含量增加而逐渐降低,但与对照差异均不显著(P0.05)。结果显示,以蔗糖为碳源,添加芽孢杆菌形成的生物絮团不仅可以改善水体水质和微生态结构,还可以明显促进幼参的生长。

Effects of Bioflocs on the Water Quality Control and the Growth of Apostichopus japonicus

Due to a rapid development in artificial breeding of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus（Selenka）, excessive inorganic nitrogen and organic matters in the discharged water greatly increases the eco-environmental pressure. Bioflocs technology could be a solution to this issue. In this study, we first examined the water quality in breeding ponds of juvenile sea cucumber. Then we added carbohydrates as carbone source and three probiotics into the water, and explored the effects of these additives on biofloc formation and the water quality. We also analyzed the inorganic nitrogen content, the total suspended solids content, the total bacterial count, and the growth of A. japonicus in the presence of the additives. The goal of our study was to provide references about the effects of bioflocs on the ecology and environment in juvenile sea cucumber culture industry. In accordance to the Specification for Marine Monitoring periodical analysis of the water quality was conducted through simulation tests and field experiments. The body weight gain and the special growth rate of juvenile sea cucumbers were also evaluated in the bioflocs system. The results showed that the nitrite nitrogen was readily to accumulate up to 0.25 mg/L. After the addition of Bacillus, the total suspended solids and the total bacterial count in the water both reached their highest values, and Vibrio and coliforms were not detected. On the 20 th day, the body weight gain（44.34 g） and the special growth rate（2.19%/d） of A. japonicus treated with pure sucrose were significantly higher than those with mixed carbon sources and those in the control group; The weight gain and the special growth rate in the Bacillus and sucrose group were the highest among all treatments, up to 66.60 g and 3.01%/d respectively（P〈0.05）. The two parameters in groups treated with mixed carbon sources decreased gradually with the increase in corn starch content. In conclusion, in the presence of sucrose as the carbon source, bioflocs formed with Baci