池塘养殖仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)肠含物、附着基和底泥中的菌群结构及其相关性

2014年10月，利用 PCR-DGGE 技术分析了标准化养殖池塘中仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)肠含物及附着基和底泥中细菌的菌群结构及其相关性。结果显示,仿刺参肠含物、附着基、底泥中细菌多样性较高，分别平均获得30.00±1.00、15.33±1.70、21.67±2.62条带，肠含物中细菌种类数显著高于附着基和底泥。聚类分析和戴斯系数表明，不同池塘的仿刺参肠含物样本单独聚为一支，相似性达到0.785，附着基和底泥样品聚为一支，平均相似性达到0.532。不同样品 DGGE 图谱中20条优势条带的切割、克隆、测序，共获得了20条细菌序列，表明肠含物细菌种类以聚球藻属(Synechococcus sp.)、脱硫杆菌属(Desulfobacterium)、脱硫叠球菌属(Desulfosarcina sp.)、极地杆菌属(Polaribacter)、Algibacter sp.为主，附着基中主要以 Robiginitalea sp.和 Silicibacter sp.为主，底泥样品中主要以假单胞菌属(Proteobacterium）、噬胞菌属(Cytophaga）、Desulfosarcina sp.为主，肠含物中细菌特有种类的分离与鉴定为仿刺参养殖潜在益生菌的开发提供基础数据。

Correlation Analysis of Flora in the Habitat Environment and in the Gut Contents of Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

Here we studied the properties of flora in the gut content and attachments of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) as well as in the sediments of pond where sea cucumber were cultured. 16S rDNA PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was employed as the major method. The DGGE band numbers were 30.00±1.00, 15.33±1.70, and 21.67±2.62 for gut content, attachments, and pond sediments respectively. This indicated that the gut content had the highest diversity of bacterial species. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that flora from three gut content samples could be categorized into one branch with a similarity value of 0.785, and that flora from attachments and pond sediment samples were clustered into another branch with a similarity value of 0.532. Twenty specific DGGE bands from the three kinds of samples were cut and sequenced. The results showed that Synechococcus sp., Desulfobacterium, Desulfosarcina sp., Polaribacter, Algibacter sp. were the dominant bacterial species in the gut content; Robiginitalea sp., Silicibacter sp. were dominant in attachments; and Proteobacterium, Cytophaga, Desulfosarcina sp. were dominant in the sediment. The specific bacteria in the gut content could be candidates of probiotics in the sea cucumber culture.