长江鲟类资源现状及保护

归纳了白鲟、长江鲟、中华鲟近40年自然资源量变化情况，统计了长江鲟和中华鲟人工增殖放流数据，评估了增殖放流成效。因物种特性和分布的差异，放流无效的原因迥异。过度捕捞使人工放流长江鲟在放流后6个月之内难逃被“误捕”，而中华鲟放流数量不足及长江和近海过度捕捞导致中华鲟人工增殖放流的贡献甚微，其结果是长江鲟和中华鲟增殖放流均无法达到自然繁殖群体的补充水平。本文探究了近40年来白鲟、中华鲟和长江鲟在保护、管理和决策上存在的误区和不足，提出在生态大保护的背景下，(1)应编制和实施《长江鲟拯救行动计划》优先项目；(2)应以《中华鲟拯救行动计划》为指引，在就地保护、迁地保护和遗传多样性保护方面提出更具有可操作性的优先计划；(3)应设立中华鲟和长江鲟物种拯救行动计划专项，对现有涉栖息地或保护区生态补偿项目进行优化整合。唯有以恢复长江鲟和中华鲟自然繁殖为核心，才有望延续和恢复其自然种群，实现人与自然的和谐共处，推动长江流域社会经济绿色可持续发展。

Stock status and conservation dilemma of species of Acipenseriformes in the Yangtze River and relevant suggestions

This paper summarized the changes in the natural resources of three sturgeon species (Psephurus gladius, Acipenser sinensis, and Acipenser dabryanus) over the past 40 years, quantified the artificial stocking populations of A. dabryanus and A. sinensis, and then assessed the effectiveness of restocking. The influence factors that cause the ineffective releases widely depend on species characteristics and distribution. Overfishing of ten resulted in the fact that the artificial released A. dabryanus individuals were inevitably captured within 6 months as bycatch after they were released. The insufficient number of released A. sinensis combined with overfishing in the Yangtze River and offshore caused the inefficient contribution to the wild population of A. sinensis. We believe that the past releasing input intensity of both A. dabryanus and A. sinensis cannot reach the sufficient replenishment level of the natural breeding population. We discussed the misconceptions and shortcomings in the action, management, and policy-making of P. gladius, A. sinensis, and A. dabryanus conservation over the past 40 years. In the current ecological protection era , We should promote the implementation of 3 key protection measures urgently: 1) to prepare and implement the priority project of A. dabryanus rescue action plan; 2) to propose more operational priority projects for in situ conservation, ex situ conservation and genetic diversity conservation based on A. sinensis rescue action plan; 3) to establish a species rescue action plan project of A. sinensis and A. dabryanus, and to optimize and integrate the existing ecological compensation programs involving their habitats or protected areas. We believe that we can restore the natural populations of A. dabryanus and A. sinensis, by restoring their natural reproduction. Then we can realize the harmonious coexistence between human and nature, and promote the sustainable development of social economy in the Yangtze River basin.