乐清湾甲壳类群落结构特征及其影响因素

根据2016年5月份、8月份、11月份和2017年2月份在乐清湾海域的渔业资源调查数据,利用聚类分析、多元统计分析和冗余分析等方法,对该海域甲壳类的种类组成、生物多样性、群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系进行了分析。结果显示,该海域共鉴定出甲壳类43种,隶属于2个目、18个科、28个属,全年优势种为三疣梭子蟹、日本蟳和哈氏仿对虾。甲壳类群落结构季节间变化差异显著,夏季甲壳类种类数最多,冬季最少,优势种种类季节变化较小。对不同水深带的甲壳类群落结构分析发现,5～10 m种类数最多,小于5 m和大于10 m种类数较少。单因素方差分析显示,不同水深甲壳类群落的丰富度指数(D)存在显著差异,均匀度指数(J')和多样性指数(H')均无显著差异。冗余分析结果显示,温度、水深和浑浊度是影响乐清湾甲壳类群落结构季节变化的重要环境因子,其中水深对甲壳类分布的影响较大。

Related affecting factors in community structure characteristics of the crustacean assemblages in Yueqing Bay

Based on the trawl data of fishery resources collected from comprehensive surveys from May 2016 to February 2017 in Yueqing Bay, species composition, biodiversity index, community structure and its relationship with environmental factors were examined by cluster analysis, multivariate statistical analysis and redundancy analysis. The results showed that a total of 43 species of crustacean were identified, which belonged to 28 genera, 18 families and 2 orders. Portunus trituberculatus, Charybdis japonica and Parapenaeopsis hardwickii were annual dominant species. The species number of crustacean was the greatest in summer and the least in winter which varied significantly in four seasons, while the composition of dominant species changed slightly. The research about crustacean species at different depth indicated that the richest crustacean were at depths of 5~10 m while fewer species at depths of less than 5 m and more than 10 m. The results of One-Way ANOVA showed that the richness index (D) of crustacean community at different depth were distributed significantly, and there were no significant differences in evenness index (J'') and diversity index (H''). Redundancy analysis suggested that temperature, depth and turbidity were the most important environmental factors affecting the crustacean species composition and community structure characteristics. In particular, the depth has a great influence on the community structure of crustacean.