罗氏沼虾浙江养殖群体与缅甸自然群体遗传差异的RAPD分析

利用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术，对浙江省罗氏沼虾养殖群体和新引进的缅甸自然群体的遗传差异进行了比较分析，以期从分子水平了解罗氏沼虾的种群遗传多样性背景及与引种的关系。采用经筛选的22个10bp的随机引物对罗氏沼虾两群体各20尾进行群体RAPD分析。22个引物共检测到139个位点。养殖群体的多态位点比例为30．22％，群体平均杂合度为0．2646，Shannon多样性指数为0．0780，群体内各个体之间的遗传共享度为0．9353，遗传距离为0．0647；自然群体的多态位点比例为33．81％，群体的平均杂合度和Shannon多样性指数分别为0．2888和0．0940，群体内各个体之间的遗传共享度为0．9201，遗传距离为0．0799；两群体之间的遗传距离为0．1845。自然群体的遗传多样性水平比养殖群体要高。利用随机引物S9和S52，在罗氏沼虾两群体间扩增出2条稳定、明显的群体间特异性标记带。

Genetic variation between cultured population from Zhejiang Province and natural population from Burma of Macrobrachium rosenbergii revealed by RAPD method

In this paper, two populations of Macrobrachium rosenbergii --cultured population collected from Haining County, Zhejiang Province and natural population collected from Burma and temporarily cultured in the testing pond, were gathered to investigate the genetic variation between the two populations using the method of RAPD. According to Wei Q., the DNA was abstracted from the muscle tissue and its concentration was measured by Smart Spec3000 Spectrophotometer. Through the PCR amplification, 22 decamer random primers S1,S2,S3, S4, S5, S8, S9, S10, S11, S12, S13, S19, S49, S50, S51, S52, S58, S59, S60, S404, S406 and S417 were chosen from 45 random primers for further amplification. To facilitate the efficient analysis of the RAPD result, a method of Agrose Gel Electrophoresis were applied to resolve the PCR fragments. 139 RAPD sites were detected in the two populations. According to Wachira F N and Nei M, the RAPD data were analysed . The proportion of polymorphic loci, mean expected hetrozygosities and Shannon' s index of the cultured population were 30.22%, 0. 2646 and 0.0780 respectively, and those of the natural population were 33.81%, 0.2888 and 0.0940. The genetic similarities of the cultured and the natural populations were 0. 9353 and 0. 9201, and their genetic distances were 0.0647 and 0.0799. The genetic distance between the two populations was 0.1845. From the comprehensive investigation, the genetic diversity of natural population was higher than that of cultured population. Specific DNA fingerprints were obtained by primers of S - 9 and S - 52, two proper bands were so obvious that they might be used as molecular markers for distinguishing the different fries.