渔业资源增殖评估研究进展与展望

渔业资源增殖是修复受损生物资源和维持渔业可持续发展的重要途径，近几十年来在我国以及全球许多国家有着较快发展。有研究指出很多资源增殖项目未能实现预期效果，甚至带来了负面的生态影响，这对资源增殖产业的未来发展提出了重要警示。本文简要回顾了我国以及全球渔业资源增殖的现状，围绕资源增殖评估研究所关注的问题，总结了资源增殖策略与增殖效果评估研究方面的进展；基于对增殖生态系统的认识，阐述了资源增殖中关键生态过程、生态机制与时空尺度问题，从基本原理、生态效应和空间尺度三个方面探讨了资源增殖评估方法的发展方向。研究表明渔业增殖生态系统具有复杂的结构与动态，资源增殖应基于对生态系统的全面了解，以前瞻性的评估研究指导资源增殖规划和合理避险。通过探讨增殖评估研究的不足之处与发展方向，本文旨在为渔业资源增殖的研究与实践提供科学参考。

Fisheries stock enhancement assessment: progress and prospect

Fisheries stock enhancement is an important way to restore resources and maintain sustainable development of fisheries. At present, many countries in the world have carried out enhancement programs in large scales. Meanwhile, studies have pointed out that many stock enhancements failed to achieve the expected goals and some even led to negative ecological impact, which raised a remarkable warning for the future development of enhancement. This study briefly reviewed the progress of fishery stock enhancement in China and abroad, mainly focusing on the questions in assessment of stock enhancement. We examined the research of stocking strategies, assessment of stocking effects, and ecological impact of enhancement from the ecosystem perspective. Based on the understanding of the complexity of stock enhancement system, we demonstrated the key ecological processes, ecological mechanism and spatial-temporal scales in the processes of enhancement. We further discussed the future direction of methodological development for stock enhancement evaluation, in terms of fundamental principles, ecological effects, and spatial structure. This article indicates that the fishery enhancement ecosystem has complex structure and dynamics, and stock enhancement should be planned on the basis of a comprehensive ecosystem understanding. Prospective assessment research should be developed to support stock enhancement planning and risk avoidance. The aim of this study is to provide scientific references for the research and practices of stock enhancement by exploring the shortcomings and development of fisheries enhancement evaluation.