硬骨鱼类鳃黏膜免疫相关分子的研究进展

鳃为鱼类重要的呼吸器官，是鱼类进行离子交换、酸碱调节和含氮废物排泄的重要结构基础，也是鱼类重要的外周黏膜免疫器官之一，在抵御病原微生物侵染过程中发挥重要的免疫屏障作用。当前，硬骨鱼类鳃黏膜免疫反应是研究热点之一。本文首先对硬骨鱼类鳃的结构和特点进行分析，之后综述了抗菌肽、干扰素、白细胞介素、Toll样受体、补体等先天性免疫相关分子以及T细胞受体和免疫球蛋白等适应性免疫相关分子在硬骨鱼类鳃黏膜中的表达规律、分子功能，最后探讨了化学因素(重金属、杀虫剂等)、生物因素(细菌、病毒、真菌、和寄生虫等)以及营养物质和疫苗等对硬骨鱼类鳃黏膜结构的影响，以期为深入研究鳃在鱼类黏膜免疫反应中的角色和应答机制提供指导，为硬骨鱼类病原性疾病的免疫防控策略的制定提供理论基础。

Progress in research of the immune-related molecules in gill mucosa of teleost fish

Gill is not only an important respiratory organ of teleost fish, but also an important structural foundation for ion exchange, acid-base regulation and nitrogenous waste excretion of fish. It is also one of the important peripheral mucosal immune organs of fish. In this paper, the innate immune molecules and adaptive immune molecules in gill mucosa were reviewed, and the factors that affect the gill mucosa structure were further analyzed, in order to provide guidance for further study of the functional role and response mechanism of gill in fish mucosal immune response, and provide theoretical basis for the research and development of immune prevention and control strategies for pathogenic diseases of teleost fish.