玉足海参与凡纳滨对虾的混养效果

在室内条件下进行了玉足海参与凡纳滨对虾的混养实验,分析了单养与混养两种条件下养殖水体营养盐结构以及底质成分的变化,测定了对虾与海参的存活率与生长性能。结果显示,混养海参可以明显改变养殖系统的营养盐结构,可使水体中的磷酸盐和硝酸盐浓度有所升高,同时也可有效地控制系统中氨氮浓度。混养海参也可以大幅度地降低沉积物中有机质和硫化物含量,实验结束时混养组硫化物含量为(7.71±1.33)mg/kg,仅相当于单养组浓度的1/3。混养海参对对虾生长及存活具有明显的促进作用,其中混养组对虾体长特异增长率为(0.69±0.13)%/d,显著优于单养组(0.45±0.06)%/d;混养组对虾成活率可达72.5%±22.9%,显著高于对照组55.0%±17.5%。在混养系统内,对虾不会对海参的生存造成负面影响,海参能够有效地选择摄食和利用沉积物中的营养物质(对食物中有机质的同化率可达36.36%±13.79%),并以较快的速度生长。结果表明,在对虾养殖系统中混养玉足海参具有明显的环境与经济效益。本研究可为我国海水养殖业的可持续发展提供一定的科学依据。

Co-culture of sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota with the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

An experimental study of co-culture of sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota with the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei was carried out in the laboratory. Results indicated that nutrient structure of the culture system was influenced significantly by the sea cucumber: the phosphate and nitrate concentrations were enhanced more obviously in the co-culture system than the monoculture system, and by contrast, the ammonium concentration was kept low in the co-culture system. The organic and sulfide contents of the sediment were reduced in the co-culture system, the sulfide content in the co-culture system was (7.71±1.33) mg/kg, accounting for only about one-third of the value of the monoculture system. Co-culture of sea cucumbers had positive effect on the growth and survival of shrimps, the specific growth rate of the shrimps in the co-culture system was (0.69±0.13) %/d, which was significantly higher than that of the monoculture system(0.45±0.06) %/d]; the survival rate of the shrimps in the co-culture system was 72.5%±22.9%, which was significantly higher than that of the monoculture system 55.0%±17.5%. In the co-culture system, the shrimps had no negative effect on the sea cucumbers, and the sea cucumbers could ingest and assimilate the sediment in the culture system efficiently (with an assimilation efficiency of 36.36%±13.79% for organic matter in ingested sediment). Co-culture of sea cucumber H. leucospilota in the shrimp culture system has both environmental and economic benefits. This co-culture method could contribute to the sustainable development of aquaculture in China.