热休克诱导马苏大麻哈鱼三倍体的初步研究

为探索马苏大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus masou)三倍体育种技术方法,更好地解决其个体小、生长慢和性成熟后死亡率高等问题,采用热休克法进行三倍体诱导实验,设4个诱导温度(24、26、28、30℃),2个起始诱导时间(15 min、20 min)和2个持续诱导时间(15 min、20 min)共分13个实验组和1个对照组。结果显示,13个实验组均能诱导出三倍体个体,而不同温度组的诱导率差异显著,分别为13.3%、31.65%、52.28%和78.81%(P<0.0.5)。随着温度的上升,孵化率呈显著降低的趋势。结果表明,温度是影响诱导成功的关键因素,利用热休克诱导受精卵制备陆封型马苏大麻哈鱼三倍体苗种的方法是可行的,三倍体诱导的最佳条件是:水温28℃,卵子受精后15 min持续处理20 min,发眼率(72.57±0.26)%,孵化率(60.92±0.31)%,三倍体率53.1%,综合诱导效果最佳。

Preliminary study on heat shock-induced triploid of Oncorhynchus masou

The triploid induction experiments of thirteen groups by heat shock was conducted to explore the method of triploid breeding of Oncorhynchus masou and solve the problem of the smaller individual,slower growth and higher mortality after sexual maturity.Twelve groups in the condition of two different fertilisation time(15 min,20 min)and duration time(15 min,20 min)at 26℃,28℃and 30℃were compared with the optimal treatment conditions at 24℃.The results showed that triploid individuals were induced in all thirteen groups and it could be estimated that temperature was the critical factor.The average induction rate in the same temperature was 13.3%,31.65%,52.28%and 78.81%,respectively.As the temperature rises,the hatching rate tended to decrease significantly.The results indicated that the induced condition by heat shock was feasible and the best condition was 15 min after fertilisation 20 min for the duration under the condition of 28℃.The eyed rate was 72.57%±0.26%,the hatching rate was 60.92%±0.31%and the induced rate was 53.1%,respectively.