灌水与施磷对小麦氮素积累运转及水分利用效率的影响

为探讨小麦产量形成过程中灌水与施磷的作用,以黄淮南部高产麦田主导小麦品种百农207和豫麦49-198为供试材料,在大田多年定位试验条件下,研究了灌水与施磷对冬小麦干物质积累、转运及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,与不施磷(P0)相比,施磷条件(P1,150 kg·hm~(-2))下小麦花后干物质积累量、营养器官氮素转运量、籽粒产量和水分利用效率均显著提高,其中百农207和豫麦49-198花后干物质积累量分别增加132.9%和105.9%,花后营养器官氮素转运量分别增加65.3%和51.2%,籽粒产量分别提高76.9%和51.8%,水分利用效率提高55.1%和29.2%。灌水有利于小麦花后营养器官氮素转运量及籽粒氮素积累,提高籽粒产量。与不灌水(W0)相比, W1(拔节水)和W2(拔节水+开花水)条件下百农207花后营养器官氮素转运量分别增加14.1%和17.7%,籽粒产量分别提高15.3%和28.8%;豫麦49-198氮素转运量分别增加40.1%和58.9%,籽粒产量分别提高22.8%和16.8%。水、磷对小麦籽粒产量的影响存在一定的互作效应。百农207和豫麦49-198籽粒产量分别以W2P1和W1P1处理最高,较W0P0处理分别提高116.3%和69.1%。综合考虑,施用磷肥150 kg·hm~(-2)结合灌水1～2次既能实现小麦高产,又能维持较高的水分利用效率。

Effect of Irrigation and Phosphorus Application on Nitrogen Accumulation and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

In order to study the effect of irrigation and phosphorus application in the formation of wheat yield, Bainong 207 and Yumai 49-198, the leading wheat cultivars in the high-yielding wheat fields in the south of Huang-Huai area, were selected as the experimental materials. The effects of different irrigation and phosphorus application on dry matter accumulation, transport and water use efficiency of winter wheat were studied under the field multi-year positioning test conditions. The results showed that, compared with non-phosphorus treatment(P0), P treatment(P1, 150 kg·hm^-2) significantly increased dry matter accumulation after anthesis, nitrogen translocation in nutritious organs, grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat. Among them, dry matter accumulation after anthesis of Bainong 207 and Yumai 49-198 were increased by 132.9% and 105.9%, respectively. The nitrogen translocation of nutritious organs was increased by 65.3% and 51.2%, and grain yield was increased by 76.9% and 51.89%, respectively. Water use efficiency was increased by 55.1% and 29.2%, respectively. Irrigation increased the nitrogen translocation in nutritious organs after anthesis and nitrogen accumulation in wheat grains, and increased wheat grain yield. Compared with non-irrigation treatment(W0), Bainong 207 under treatments of W1 and W2 increased nitrogen translocation in nutritious organs by 14.1% and 17.7%, and increased grain yield by 15.3% and 28.8%, respectively. As for Yumai 49-198, W1 and W2 increased nitrogen translocation in nutritious organs by 40.1% and 58.9%, and grain yield was increased by 22.8% and 16.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, interaction of irrigation and phosphorus was also found in grain yield in both cultivars. Bainong 207 obtained the largest grain yield under W2P1, while Yumai 49-198 obtained the maximum yield under W1P1, which were 116.3% and 69.1% higher than that under W0P0, respectively. Taking a comprehensive consideration, application of 150 kg·hm^-2 phosphorus combined with irrigation for 1 or 2 times during wheat growth season can improve both grain yield and water use efficiency of wheat.