灌水对黄淮海冬小麦叶片光合特性的影响

为了解灌水对黄淮海地区冬小麦光合特性的影响,以周麦18、豫农202、豫麦49、郑麦366、矮抗58等5个黄淮海主栽冬小麦品种为材料,比较和分析了越冬水、越冬水+拔节水、越冬水+拔节水+灌浆水3个不同灌水处理下冬小麦开花后叶面积指数、旗叶叶绿素含量、光合参数及水分利用效率的特点。结果表明,随灌水次数减少,小麦灌浆期叶片光合功能衰退加快,叶面积指数和叶绿素含量下降,旗叶净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率减小,胞间二氧化碳浓度增加,光合作用受非气孔因素的限制增大,同时叶片水分利用效率增加。在不同灌水条件下,矮抗58和郑麦366叶片水分利用效率均较高,而周麦18、豫麦49和豫农202叶片水分利用效率均较低。

Effects of Irrigation on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Leaves in Huang Huai Hai Area of China

In order to explore the impact of irrigation on photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Huang Huai Hai area,experiment was arranged with three irrigation treatments of irrigation once at wintering,irrigation twice at wintering and jointing stages; irrigation three times at wintering,jointing and grain filling stages). The effect of different irrigation treatments on leaf area index,flag leaf chlorophyll content,and gas exchange parameters of five main winter wheat varieties in Huang Huai Hai area was studied. The results showed that with the reduction of irrigation times,the recession of wheat leaf photosynthetic function speeded up,leaf area index and chlorophyll content decreased,and the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of flag leaf reduced,but the intercellular CO₂ concentration increased. The stomatal limitation appeared as a leading factor,and at the same time,leaf water use efficiency increased in grain filling period. Physiological response of different winter wheat varieties to irrigation times were different,the water use efficiency of Aikang 58 and Zhengmai 366 were higher,and that of Zhoumai 18,Yumai 49 and Yunong 202 were lower and should be cultivated in more water conditions or irrigated areas.