干热风对冬小麦灌浆速率和千粒重的影响

为定量分析冬小麦灌浆不同时期出现的干热风对小麦产量形成带来的危害,利用郑州农业气象试验站连续两个年度的干热风人工控制试验数据,结合前期作物观测资料,研究了干热风对冬小麦籽粒灌浆速率及千粒重的影响。结果表明,干热风导致冬小麦灌浆速率不同程度下降,不同时期干热风的降幅表现为灌浆中期灌浆后期灌浆前期,重度干热风轻度干热风。随着干热风后冬小麦的自身修复和后续灌浆进程,最终千粒重不同程度降低,降低幅度最大的是灌浆后期重度干热风,千粒重降低5.4g,降幅达14.5%;其次为灌浆中期重度和轻度干热风,千粒重分别降低9.7%和4.8%;再次为灌浆后期轻度干热风;而灌浆前期干热风对千粒重影响不显著。

Effects of Dry hot Wind on Grain Filling Speed and 1 000 kernel Weight of Winter Wheat

Quantitatively analyzing the effect of dry hot wind occurred at different grain filling stages on final 1 000 kernel weight could provide scientific basis for hazard impact assessment. Taking advantage of data from artificially controlled dry hot wind field experiment carried out for two consecutive years at Zhengzhou agrometeorological experimental station, combined with historical crop observational information, the influence of dry hot wind on kernel increasing process and final 1 000 kernel weight was studied. The results showed that:after the treatments of dry hot wind hazard, the grain filling speed immediately decreased, and the decreasing amount was as mid grain filling stage> late stage>early stage, meanwhile, heavy dry hot wind> light. With recovering situation of the crop and grain filling process after the hazard, 1 000 kernel weight of winter wheat was most tremendously influenced by heavy dry hot wind occurred at late stage of grain filling, the final 1 000 kernel weight decreased by 5.4 g, and the decreasing amplitude reached to 14.5%; secondly, 1000 kernel weight was effected seriously by heavy and light dry hot wind at middle grain filling stage,1 000 kernel weight decreased by 9.7% and 4.8%, respectively; then, at late stage of grain filling. The effect of light degree of dry hot wind was relatively small; the final 1 000 kernel weight wasn't decreased significantly under the hazard treatment at early stage of grain filling.