秋播冬麦区矮秆基因 RhtB1b、 RhtD1b和 Rht8的分布频率及其与产量性状的关系

为给小麦株高和产量的遗传改良提供参考依据，利用 Rht-B1b、 Rht-D1b基因的STS分子标记BF/MR1和BF/WR1、DF1/MR2和DF2/WR2，以及 Rht8基因的微卫星标记Xgwm261，对237份不同生态区秋播小麦材料进行分子标记检测，并分析 Rht-B1b、 Rht-D1b和 Rht8对株高及产量相关性状的影响。结果表明：（1）在分布频率方面， Rht-B1b、 Rht-D1b和 Rht8在秋播冬小麦中的频率较高，其中携带 Rht-B1b、 Rht-D1b和 Rht8的小麦材料分别占比16.5%、47.9%和44.1%；聚合两个矮秆基因（ Rht-D1b+Rht8、 Rht-B1b+Rht8和 Rht-B1b+ Rht-D1b）的小麦材料占比25.4%；聚合三个矮秆基因（Rht-B1b+Rht-D1b+Rht8）的小麦材料占比2.1%；（2）在分布特点方面，不同冬麦区存在一定偏好性：北部冬麦区、黄淮冬麦区、长江中下游冬麦区均以 Rht-D1b、 Rht8和 Rht-D1b+Rht8为主；西南冬麦区以 Rht-B1b、 Rht-D1b和 Rht8为主，西南冬麦区以 Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b和Rht8为主；（3）在降秆效应方面，降秆效果从强到弱依次为（ Rht-B1b+Rht-D1b+Rht8）>（ Rht-D1b+Rht8）> （ Rht-B1b+Rht8）> Rht-D1b> Rht-B1b> Rht8；(4)在产量结构特点方面， 携带 Rht-D1b和 Rht8的材料总体上具有较高的千粒重和单位面积穗数，携带 Rht-B1b的材料具有较高的穗粒数，但矮秆基因本身与产量因子间无显著的遗传相关性。

Distribution Frequency of Dwarf Genes RhtB1b, RhtD1b, and Rht8 in Autumn-Sown Winter Wheat Area and Their Relationship with Yield Traits

In order to provide reference for genetic improvement of wheat plant height and yield,specific molecular markers BF/MR1 and BF/WR1, DF1/MR2 and DF2/WR2 of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b genes, and Xgwm261, a microsatellite marker of Rht8, were used for molecular analysis on 237 winter wheat materials in different ecological regions. The effects of Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b and Rht8 on plant height and yield-related traits were analyzed. The results showed that in terms of the distribution of dwarf genes, Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b and Rht8 have a higher distribution frequency in autumn-sown winter wheat, and the wheat materials carrying Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b and Rht8 accounted for 16.5%, 47.9% and 44.1%, respectively; The wheat materials carrying two dwarf genes( Rht-D1b +Rht8, Rht-B1b +Rht8 or Rht-B1b +Rht-D1b) accounted for 25.4%; The wheat materials carrying three dwarf genes( Rht-B1b+Rht-D1b +Rht8) accounted for 2.1%. In terms of the distribution characteristics of dwarf genotypes, there was a certain preference in different winter wheat regions: Rht-D1b, Rht8 and Rht-D1b+Rht8 are the main types in the northern winter wheat region,Huanghuai winter wheat area and the middle-lower Yangtze River wheat areas; Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, and Rht8 are the main types in the southwest winter wheat area.The order of stalk reduction effect from strong to weak is ( Rht-B1b +Rht-D1b +Rht8)>( Rht-D1b +Rht8)>( Rht-B1b +Rht8)> Rht-D1b > Rht-B1b > Rht8.In terms of yield components of germplasms carrying different dwarf genes, the materials with Rht-D1b and Rht8 generally have higher 1 000-grain weight and number of panicles per unit area; the materials with Rht-B1b had higher grain number per ear, but there was no significant genetic correlation between dwarf gene itself and yield components.