不同配方专用肥对冬小麦产量和养分吸收的影响

为给关中地区小麦生产筛选适宜的专用肥，2008-2009年以小偃22为材料，通过田间试验研究了不同配方的小麦专用肥对冬小麦产量、养分吸收及其经济效益的影响。结果表明，在总施氮量基本一致的条件下，不同专用肥和追肥配施处理对小麦产量、氮磷钾养分吸收和利用以及经济效益有显著的影响。在8个处理中，基施复合肥（N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O=18%∶18%∶18%）500 kg·hm^-2、返青期追施纯氮50 kg·hm^-2处理的籽粒产量、氮磷钾养分吸收量、氮钾肥利用效率、氮肥偏生产力和农学利用效率以及经济效益最高，相比农民习惯施肥处理分别增产和增收38.4%和38.9%。因此，18%∶18%∶18%的N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O比例可作为关中地区小麦专用肥配方。

Nutrient Uptake and Yield Responses to Specific Fertilizers in Winter Wheat

One year field experiment from 2008 to 2009 was conducted to investigate the effects of different specific fertilizers on nutrient uptake, yield and profit in winter wheat, which was aimed to provide a theoretical foundation for development of winter wheat specific fertilizers in Guanzhong area. The results showed that wheat grain yield exceeded 6 335 kg·hm^-2,which was the highest yield and highest profit with nitrogen 150 kg·hm^-2, phosphorous and potassium 100 kg·hm^-2,with 38.4% increase and 38.8% income compared to the treatment of the used fertilizer. In conclusion, with sufficient nutrient supplying, to add more nitrogen in late stage and legitimately increase phosphorous and potassium supplying was an effective way to improve the winter wheat yield.