株行距配置对宽幅播种小麦产量形成的影响

为探明不同株行距配置对宽幅播种高产栽培下冬小麦产量形成调控的生理基础，选用高产冬小麦品种泰山28为材料，采用裂区设计，主区为种植密度（150×10⁴、225×10⁴和300×10⁴株·hm^-2），副区为播种行距（25、20和15 cm），研究了不同株行距配置下小麦干物质积累、转运及产量的影响。结果表明，在150×10⁴株·hm^-2种植密度下，小麦干物质积累量均处于较低水平，产量亦较低；在种植密度225×10⁴株·hm^-2配置20或25 cm行距和种植密度300×10⁴株·hm^-2配置25 cm行距时，小麦干物质积累量和产量均达到较高水平。在种植密度225万株·hm^-2和行距20 cm处理下，小麦开花前营养器官贮藏的同化物向籽粒的转运量、开花后光合产物在籽粒中的积累量及其对籽粒产量的贡献率均显著高于其他处理。泰山28在种植密度225×10⁴株·hm^-2配置20或25 cm行距和种植密度300×10⁴株·hm^-2配置25 cm行距下均可实现三者的协调，获得较高的产量。因此，合理的种植密度和行距配置是实现宽幅播种高产栽培小麦高产的重要技术途径。

Effect of Planting Distance Configuration Repression on Wheat Yield Formation with Wide Planting

To find out physiological basis of regulation and control of winter wheat yield by different row spacing configuration, and to provide the theoretical basis for wide-seeding and high-yielding cultivation, a high-yielding winter wheat cultivar Taishan 28 was selected as material. Using the split area design, the main area for the planting density was set up with three levels, 150×10⁴ plants·hm^-2, 225×10⁴ plants·hm^-2 and 300×10⁴ plants·hm^-2, respectively. The sub-area for planting spacing was set up with three levels, 25 cm, 20 cm and 15 cm, respectively. Under the conditions that the basic seedling is 150×10⁴ plants·hm^-2, due to the low planting density, both dry matter accumulation and yield of winter wheat was lower. When the basic seedling was increased to 225 ×10⁴ plants·hm^-2, with the row spacing of 20 cm and 25 cm and 300 ×10⁴ plants·hm^-2, with the row spacing of 25 cm, the dry matter accumulation and yield reach a high level. Under the basic seedling rate of 225×10⁴ plants·hm^-2, with row spacing of 20 cm, the translocation of assimilation from the vegetative organs to grain before anthesis stage was increased. The accumulation of dry matter in grains after anthesis and the contribution rate of grain were significantly higher than those under other treatment. Under the conditions with the basic seedling rate of 225 ×10⁴ plants·hm^-2, the line space of 20 or 25 cm, and the basic seedling of 300 ×10⁴ plants·hm^-2, the line space of 25 cm, Taishan 28 can achieve higher yield. Therefore, the reasonable planting density and row spacing configuration are important technical ways to realize the high yield of wheat.