行距配置对高产冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性及淀粉和蛋白质积累的影响

为研究不同行距配置对小麦籽粒发育及淀粉和蛋白质积累的影响,以4个高产冬小麦品种为材料,在河南浚县农业科学研究所超高产攻关田研究了不同行距配置下小麦籽粒灌浆特性及淀粉、蛋白质的积累动态.结果表明,高产小麦籽粒中可溶性糖含量下降与淀粉含量的增加趋势基本吻合,宽窄行种植模式(S1)籽粒中可溶性糖含量较高,且转化利用较快,促进了籽粒淀粉积累.从行距配置看.周麦22籽粒蛋白质含量以等行距种植模式(S2)较高,偃展4110和矮抗58均以S1较高,而豫麦49-198在两种种植模式下无明显差异.籽粒灌浆速率、千粒重和产量则表现为豫麦49-198、周麦22和矮抗58均以S较高,而偃展4110以S2较高.灌浆模型分析表明,灌浆持续天数和最大灌浆速率出现时间是行距配置影响粒重的主要因素.

Effects of Row Spacing Patterns on Grain Filling Characteristics, Starch and Protein Accumulation in Grains of High yielding Winter Wheat

In order to evaluate effects of different row spacing patterns on grain filling characteristics, starch and protein accumulation in grains of winter wheat, four high yielding wheat cultivars with different spike types, Yumai 49 198, Zhoumai 22, Yanzhan 4110 and Aikang 58, were cultivated in field condition with high yielding potential. The experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of Xunxian Agricultural Science Institute in wheat growing season of 2008 2009. The results indicated that decrease of soluble sugar content was coincident with increase of starch accumulation in grains of winter wheat. The content of soluble sugar in grains of wide narrow row spacing(S₁) was relatively higher, and the transformation of soluble sugar was relatively faster than that of equal row spacing, thus promoted starch accumulation in wheat grains. For different wheat cultivars, the content of protein in grains of Zhoumai 22 was relatively higher under equal row spacing (S₂), however, Yanzhan 4110 and Aikang 58 were relatively higher under wide narrow row spacing Nevertheless, no obvious difference of protein content was found in cultivar Yumai 49 198 between treatments S₁ and S₂ . The result also indicated that, for cultivars Yumai 49 198, Zhoumai 22 and Aikang 58, grain filling rate, 1000 grain weight and yield were higher under wide narrow row spacing; whereas for Yanzhan 4110, equal row spacing obtained relatively higher grain filling rate, 1000 grain weight and yield. Grain filling model showed that the duration of grain filling and appearance time of maximal grain filling rate were main factors affecting grain weight of winter wheat. Thus, in practice, suitable row spacing pattern should be determined according to different types of wheat cultivar to increase both grain yield and quality.