高产抗旱节水高水效冬小麦品种鉴选研究

为明确鉴选指标并筛选出适宜缺水地区种植的高产抗旱节水高水效小麦品种，在雨养旱作和常规灌溉条件下对56个河北小麦品种的产量（GY）、耗水量（ET）、水分利用效率（WUE）和农艺性状进行了比较分析。结果表明，河北冬小麦品种的GY、ET和WUE表现稳定，未见极高或极低品种。联合使用产量-水分高效利用指数（YH_WUEI）、GY-ET-WUE指数对参试品种进行筛选，可将小麦品种划分为产量-高水效组、高产抗旱低耗水高水效组2个优势组。对2个优势组的品种取交集，最终筛选出5个具有高产、抗旱节水、高水效特征的品种，分别为衡444、衡H116021、科农1223、石麦28和中信麦15。这5个品种的典型特征是株高60~65 cm，穗下节间长度15~20 cm，穗粒数28~35粒，每穗不孕小穗数2~4个。

Screening of Winter Wheat Varieties for Drought-Resistant, Water-Saving and High Yield and Water Use Efficiency

In order to identify the screening indices and select the wheat varieties characterized by drought resistant, water saving, and high water use efficiency which are suitable for planting in water-deficient areas, the yield(GY), water consumption(ET), water use efficiency(WUE), and agronomic characteristics of 56 winter wheat varieties bred in Hebei Province under rain-fed and irrigation conditions were studied in this paper. The results showed that the GY, ET, and WUE of Hebei winter wheat varieties were relatively stable, and there were no varieties with extremely high or very low values. Combing yield-high water use efficiency index(YH_WUEI) and GY-ET-WUE index to screen the tested varieties, these wheat varieties wuld be divided into two dominant groups: GY-WUE-high group(GY-WH), yield-high and drought-resistant and ET-low and WUE-high group. We analyzed the overlapping varieties of the two dominant groups by using Venn diagram method, and finally screened five winter wheat varieties with the characteristics of yield-high, drought-resistant, water-saving, and high WUE. All the five varieties were usually characterized by plant heigh of 60-65 cm, pedurcle of 15-20 cm, graiin number perspike of 28-35 and sterile spikelet of 2-4.